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Brazilu2019s new Forest Code grants amnesty of environmental debts for small landowners that illegally cleared their forests before 22 July 2008. Based on the rural environmental registry from December 2016, this exemption applies to 19 million deforested hectares across country, mainly located in Atlantic Forest and Amazon biomes. We investigated the implications of this amnesty for the potential for forest restoration and associated changes to land use and emissions using the global economic partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM-Brazil. We estimated future negative emissions along with positive emissions from land use conversions and the potential for emissions reduction of forest restoration within the land for which amnesty was granted, as well as the trade-offs with the production sector. Our results emphasize the need to design large-scale restoration policies or incentives for small landowners that could be key to enabling Brazil to fulfill its Nationally Determined Contributions of emissions reduction under the Paris Agreement.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scarabello_mc_me_prud.pdf: 7894728 bytes, checksum: 7780bf65e553d805c887201bc480e587 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Em um artigo publicado em maio de 2008 na revista Nature [17], um grupo de pesquisadores da Hewllet-Packard Company (HP) anunciou a fabricação de um componente eletrônico chamado memristor, uma contração para “memory resistor”. A existência teórica dos memristores havia sido prevista em 1971, pelo Engenheiro da Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley, Leon Chua, com base em propriedades de simetria de certos circuitos elétricos, porém até 2008 sua existência física não havia sido comprovada. Tal componente é considerado o quarto componente eletrônico fundamental, ao lado do resistor, do capacitor e do indutor, pois possui propriedades que não podem ser duplicadas por nenhuma combinação desses três outros componentes. A construção física do memristor atraiu grande interesse no mundo todo, devido ao grande potencial de aplicações deste componente. No presente trabalho fazemos um estudo das bifurcações que ocorrem em um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias, que serve como modelo matemático de um circuito elétrico formado pelos quatro elementos fundamentais: um memristor, um capacitor, um indutor e um resistor. O circuito estudado foi proposto por Itoh e Chua em [9]... In the present work we make a bifurcation analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations, which serves as a mathematical model of an electric circuit formed by the four fundamental elements: one memristor, one capacitor, one inductor and one resistor. The studied circuit was proposed by Itoh and Chua in [9] and was constructed based on the well-known Chua's oscillators. The studied model is given by a discontinuous piecewise-linear system, defined on three zones in R 3, determined by the following inequalities: |z|1 (called external zones). The z-axis is composed by equilibrium points of the system. The local normal stability of these equilibira in each zone is analyzed. We show that, due to the existence of this line of equilibria, the phase space R 3 is foliated by invariant planes transversal to the z-axis and parallel to each other, in each zone. The solutions of the system are contained in a combination of three of these invariant planes: one of them in the central zone and the other two in the external zones. We also show that the system may present nonlinear oscillations due to the existence of periodic orbits passing through two of the three zones or passing by three zones. The analysis developed here has analytical and numerical parts. The analytical part was developed based on the study of planar piecewise-linear systems with three zones presented by Freire et al. in [5]... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)