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The elaboration of conservation strategies at regional scale, dealing with the potential effects of climate change on the abundance and distribution of tree species, should be supported by models produced at the appropriate scale. We used a bioclimatic model aimed at analysing the large-scale effects of climate change on the abundance and distribution of tree species with respect to their chorological and ecological characteristics. Abundance data for 16 species, sampled in 912 plots, distributed on a 3x3 km grid were used. A climatic model provided high resolution current climatic surfaces and a climatic scenario for 2080 was obtained using the A1FI emission scenario of HadCM3 GCM. A deterministic Regression Tree Analysis (RTA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were applied in order to define the realised niche of the species in relation to the chosen environmental variables. The comparison between RMSE values showed that RTA always outperforms MLR, in terms of predicting species distribution. Zonal species were better predicted than rare species (extrazonal or with specific habitat requirements). Climate change is expected to determine a general increase of the average potential altitude. Only the Mediterranean species are likely to be favoured by the predicted climate change, while for the two other chorological types (Sub-Mediterranean and Eurosiberian) the response seems to be species-specific, depending on the ecological characteristic of each species: the more thermophilous and xerophilous species should benefit from the predicted drought in terms of area and mean abundance, while mesophilous species should suffer a strong reduction.

Acidolysis lignins from the species Quercus cerris L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were isolated and characterized using high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), Fourier-transform (FTIR) infrared spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), and two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D HSQC) NMR spectroscopy. The acidolysis lignins from the two different species varied in chemical composition and structural characteristics, with Q. cerris L. lignin having a higher S/G ratio and higher molar mass averages with a bimodal molar mass distribution. The different analytical techniques FTIR spectroscopy, Py-GCMS, and 2D NMR spectroscopy provided consistent results regarding the S/G ratio of the lignins from the two wood species. Based on the determined high S/G ratio of both oak and eucalypt lignin, the two wood sources could be promoted as substrates for efficient lignin isolation in modern forest biorefineries in order to develop innovative lignin-based value-added biorefinery products.

Biscogniauxia mediterranea is the causal agent of charcoal disease, affecting oak decline under the trigger of various biotic and abiotic factors, including climate change. Here, we report the genome assembly of an Italian B. mediterranea strain obtained using hybrid sequencing technologies combining long and short reads.