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The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26–1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10–1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.What is Known:• Adolescents' are at-risk of more significant sleep difficulties, and recent literature highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding this phenomenon, including biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors.• The literature lacks findings that consider the concurrent contribution of individual and psychosocial factors to sleep difficulties in adolescence.What is New:• The quality of parental communication and perceived parental support, as expressions of adult figures' emotional and behavioural availability in the adolescent's life, are significant determinants of sleep difficulties.• The quality of day-to-day relationships with schoolmates and the school level of demands contribute to adolescent sleep problems.

Background. Discussion on the impact of pocket money on positive behaviors is still debated.Objective. To investigate the effect of diverse money allowance schemes on risky behaviors (smoking, alcohol, binge drinking, drug use, gambling) during adolescence.Method. 989 students aged 15 from Lombardy (Italy) reported information on money availability in the 2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. To analyze the relationship between money availability and risky behaviors we computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals through unconditional multiple logistic regression models.Results. Spending more than 10(sic) weekly was associated with higher likelihood to smoke, binge drink or gamble. Receiving pocket money (rather than receiving money upon request) was related to higher likelihood to engage in risky behaviors.Conclusions. Pocket money may have a negative impact on adolescents, particularly with a substantial amount of money. More research is needed to understand why providing money only if needed may serve as a protective factor against risky behaviors.

Herta Müller (who was born in Romania but writes in German and lives in Germany) and Gabriela Adameşteanu (who was born in Romania and writes in Romanian) are two of the most important contemporary European writers. In this article we analyze some of their novels which seem to be particularly interesting from our point of view because they contain many significant reflections on languages and verbal communication in Romanian society during crucial periods of the modern history of that country (and, more broadly, of the whole of Europe).

Oggetto della riflessione è la detective fiction di Maurizio de Giovanni, che contribuisce a riconfigurare il presunto margine di un genere letterario tutt’altro che periferico nell’area delle grandi narrazioni. Il successo riscosso dai romanzi dello scrittore induce a considerare i possibili motivi che rendono la produzione degiovanniana non soltanto un epifenomeno estetico delle dinamiche spaziotemporali da cui essa affiora, ma anche uno strumento ermeneutico di aspetti extraestetici di una più macroscopica realtà. Totale è la congruenza degli accadimenti messi in scena con i bisogni di un pubblico integrato nel lavoro collettivo dell’immaginazione di massa e da sempre produttore del finish a cui va attribuita la forza costitutiva dell’intero ciclo creativo delle configurazioni estetiche. Sullo sfondo dei grandi temi storicistici - l’insufficienza dell’individuale ma anche la centralità del soggettivo, la coesistenza dei contrasti sociali e l’attribuzione di senso -, l’autore dipana trame che compiono incursioni nell’Erlebnis di una problematica realtà, per trivellarne la superficie dello stereotipo. Incidendo sulle rappresentazioni sociali acquisite e disseminate dall’immaginario collettivo, de Giovanni traccia sentieri di una cultura fatta di eventi compatibili con la crudezza di racconti memori del passato, ma anche radicati nella tragicità del presente.