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4. REPORT of the Workshop: “Building the One Health Workforce in the European Region”

Author

Robbiati, Claudia, primary, Cristiano, Walter, additional, Declich, Silvia, additional, Di Domenico, Kevin, additional, Mancini, Laura, additional, Mazzaccara, Alfonso, additional, Milano, Alessia, additional, Nacca, Gloria, additional, Nardin, Angela, additional, Ranghiasci, Alessia, additional, Riccardo, Flavia, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, and Dente, Maria Grazia, additional

Published
2024
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5. Genomic Characterization of hlyF-positive Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Italy and the Netherlands, 2000-2019

Author

Gigliucci, Federica, van Hoek, Angela H.A.M., Chiani, Paola, Knijn, Arnold, Minelli, Fabio, Scavia, Gaia, Franz, Eelco, Morabito, Stefano, and Michelacci, Valeria

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects -- Identification and classification, Health
Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of enteric pathogens that cause foodborne disease ranging from uncomplicated diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (1). The [...]

Published
2021
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6. Characterization of a novel plasmid encoding F4-like fimbriae present in a Shiga-toxin producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated during the investigation on a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Author

Michelacci, Valeria, Maugliani, Antonella, Tozzoli, Rosangela, Corteselli, Giulia, Chiani, Paola, Minelli, Fabio, Gigliucci, Federica, Arancia, Silvia, Conedera, Gabriella, Targhetta, Chiara, Pierasco, Alessandro, Collini, Lucia, Parisi, Antonio, Scavia, Gaia, and Morabito, Stefano

Published
2018
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7. A pediatric neurologic assessment score may drive the eculizumab-based treatment of Escherichia coli-related hemolytic uremic syndrome with neurological involvement

Author

Giordano, Paolo, Netti, Giuseppe Stefano, Santangelo, Luisa, Castellano, Giuseppe, Carbone, Vincenza, Torres, Diletta Domenica, Martino, Marida, Sesta, Michela, Di Cuonzo, Franca, Resta, Maria Chiara, Gaeta, Alberto, Milella, Leonardo, Chironna, Maria, Germinario, Cinzia, Scavia, Gaia, Gesualdo, Loreto, and Giordano, Mario

Published
2019
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10. Deliverable D-JRPFBZ-1-WP5.2. Transmission pathways of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC, and antimicrobial resistance from animals, food, and environment to humans: One-Health characterisation of the source and components and options to inform control policies. Final conclusions and recommendations for the use of source attribution approach into One-health framework for surveillance and control of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC, and antimicrobial resistance

Author

Hald Tine, Scavia Gaia, Pires Sara, and Mughini-Gras Lapo

Subjects
Shiga Toxin-producing E.coli, Source attribution, ESBL, Epidemiology, Salmonella, Zoonoses, Campylobacter, One-Health, DISCOVER
Abstract

All other projects partners have contributed to the results and discussions feeding into these final conclusions and recommendations, which were discussed and agreed upon at our final project meeting., 0

Published
2023
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14. OH EJP Deliverable D-JIP2-3.3 Pathway analysis of exchanging signals (COHESIVE)

Author

N��remark, Maria, Gon��alves, Sandra Cavaco, Cook, Charlotte, D'Errico, Michele Luca, Dewar, Rob, Van Klink, Ed, Gr��neng, Gry Marysol, Jonsson, Malin E, Lyngstad, Trude Marie, Asselin, Ines Mogami, Nordeng, Zuzana, Nyberg, Karin, Pacholewicz, Ewa, Scavia, Gaia, Schimmer, Barbara, Wolff, Cecilia, and Lahti, Elina

Subjects
Zoonoses, Exchange of signals, COHESIVE
Abstract

This deliverable describes the results of a qualitative study on theexchange of early signals of zoonotic events within and between countries in Europe – barriers and facilitating factors.

Published
2021
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16. Electronic data on food served in healthcare facilities in Italy and Germany. Feasibility evaluation to support investigations of healthcare associated foodborne outbreaks

Author

Boone, Idesbald, D'Errico, Michele Luca, Iannetti, Luigi, Scavia, Gaia, Tozzoli, Rosangela, Ethelberg, Steen, Eckmanns, Tim, Stark, Klaus, Haller, Sebastian, and Wilking, Hendrik

Abstract

Healthcare associated foodborne outbreaks (HAI-FBO) result from exposure to contaminated food served in healthcare facilities. Because of the fragile population, HAI-FBO may cause considerable morbidity and mortality, and it is important to find, solve and contain such outbreaks quickly. For the timely investigation of HAI-FBO, electronic data records of food served in healthcare facilities may prove highly useful. To further investigate this possibility, we carried out a survey within NOVA (One Health European Joint Programme) among Italian and German healthcare facilities, to explore data availability, accessibility and usefulness of patient food data in hospitals and nursing home residents. We included 33 healthcare facilities in Italy (20) and in Germany (13) in the survey: 12 general hospitals, 11 paediatric hospitals, eight nursing homes and two mixed structures. A semi-structured questionnaire covered questions on hospital catering types, food menu data availability, traceability, accessibility, and risky foods. The organisation of the catering service varied between health care facilities and between Italy and Germany. Mixed catering predominated in Italian hospitals (12/18), whereas in German hospitals in-house catering was more frequent (3/5). Food served in the healthcare facilities could be linked to individual patients in 16/18 hospitals in Italy and 2/5 hospitals in Germany, whereas in nursing homes or mixed structures, this link was possible in 1/8, and 1/2 nursing homes or mixed structures in Germany and Italy, respectively. A large variability was observed in the storage time of food menu data and their formats, ranging from paper to electronic searchable databases. In Italy, the outsourcing of catering was frequently associated with a non-optimal awareness of the availability of food traceability data. In both countries, several foods considered as high risk of causing HAI-FBO were served to patients. Availability and accessibility of electronic food menu data in health care facilities was very variable. Some facilities have systems that could be readily used for outbreak investigations. Thus, traceability studies for the identification of implicated food and exposed patients should be promoted. Awareness should be raised to avoid serving risk foods to vulnerable populations in hospitals and nursing homes. Standards for fast identification of food and direct food-to-patient association should be developed and comply with multiple systems.

Published
2021
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18. Free‐ranging red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) as carriers of potentially zoonotic Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli

Author

Lauzi, Stefania, primary, Luzzago, Camilla, additional, Chiani, Paola, additional, Michelacci, Valeria, additional, Knijn, Arnold, additional, Pedrotti, Luca, additional, Corlatti, Luca, additional, Buccheri Pederzoli, Clelia, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Morabito, Stefano, additional, and Tozzoli, Rosangela, additional

Published
2021
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19. Free‐ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) as carriers of potentially zoonotic Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli.

Author

Lauzi, Stefania, Luzzago, Camilla, Chiani, Paola, Michelacci, Valeria, Knijn, Arnold, Pedrotti, Luca, Corlatti, Luca, Buccheri Pederzoli, Clelia, Scavia, Gaia, Morabito, Stefano, and Tozzoli, Rosangela

Subjects
BACTERIAL colonies, RED deer, ESCHERICHIA coli, SOIL pollution, WATER pollution, FOOD pathogens
Abstract

Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli (STEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens of outmost importance and interest has been raised in recent years to define the potential zoonotic role of wildlife in STEC infection. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of STEC in free‐ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in areas with different anthropisation levels and describe the characteristics of strains in order to evaluate the potential risk posed to humans. Two‐hundred one deer faecal samples collected in 2016–2018 from animals of Central Italian Alps were examined by bacteriological analysis and PCR screening of E. coli colonies for stx1, stx2 and eae genes. STEC strains were detected in 40 (19.9%) deer, with significantly higher prevalence in offspring than in yearlings. Whole genome analysis was performed to characterise a subset of 31 STEC strains. The most frequently detected serotype was O146:H28 (n = 10, 32.3%). Virulotyping showed different stx subtypes combinations, with stx2b‐only (n = 15, 48.4%) being the most prevalent. All STEC lacked the eae gene but harbored additional virulence genes, particularly adhesins, toxins and/or other colonisation factors also described in STEC isolated from disease in humans. The most frequently detected genes were astA (n = 22, 71%), subAB (n = 21, 68%), iha (n = 26, 83.9%) and lpfA (n = 24, 77%). Four hybrid STEC/Enterotoxigenic E. coli strains were also identified. According to the most recent paradigm for pathogenicity assessment of STEC issued by the European Food Safety Authority, our results suggest that red deer are carriers of STEC strains that may have zoonotic potential, regardless of the anthropisation levels. Particular attention should be drawn to these findings while handling and preparing game meat. Furthermore, deer may release STEC in the environment, possibly leading to the contamination of soil and water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Southern Italy after Implementation of Symptom-Based Surveillance of Bloody Diarrhea in the Pediatric Population

Author

Loconsole, Daniela, Giordano, Mario, Centrone, Francesca, Accogli, Marisa, Casulli, Daniele, Robertis, Anna De, Morea, Anna, Quarto, Michele, Parisi, Antonio, Scavia, Gaia, Chironna, Maria, and Group, on behalf of the Bloody Diarrhea Apulia Working

Subjects
Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Disease, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Escherichia coli Infections, 0303 health sciences, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), Escherichia coli Proteins, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, hemolytic–uremic syndrome, bacterial infections and mycoses, Italy, Child, Preschool, bloody diarrhea, surveillance, bacteria, Bloody diarrhea, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections result in a significant public health impact because of the severity of the disease that, in young children especially, can lead to hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS). A rise in the number of HUS cases was observed in the Apulia region of Italy from 2013 to 2017, and so, in 2018, a symptom-based surveillance system for children with bloody diarrhea (BD) was initiated in order to detect and manage STEC infections. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology of STEC infections in children from June 2018 to August 2019. Children &lt, 15 years old with BD were hospitalized and tested for STEC. Real-time PCR for virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae) and serogroup identification tests were performed on stool samples/rectal swabs of cases. STEC infection was detected in 87 (10.6%) BD cases. The median age of STEC cases was 2.7 years, and 60 (68.9%) were &lt, 4. Of these 87 cases, 12 (13.8%) came from households with diarrhea. The reporting rate was 14.2/100,000, with the highest incidence in cases from the province of Bari (24.2/100,000). Serogroups O26 and O111 were both detected in 22/87 (25.3%) cases. Co-infections occurred in 12.6% of cases (11/87). Twenty-nine STEC were positive for stx1, stx2, and eae. Five cases (5.7%) caused by O26 (n = 2), O111 (n = 2), and O45 (n = 1) developed into HUS. A risk-oriented approach based on the testing of children with BD during the summer may represent a potentially beneficial option to improve the sensitivity of STEC surveillance, not only in Italy but also in the context of Europe as a whole.

Published
2020

22. Hepatitis E Virus Occurrence in Pigs Slaughtered in Italy

Author

Chelli, Eleonora, primary, Suffredini, Elisabetta, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, De Medici, Dario, additional, Di Bella, Santina, additional, D’Amato, Stefania, additional, Gucciardi, Francesca, additional, Guercio, Annalisa, additional, Ostanello, Fabio, additional, Perrone, Vitantonio, additional, Purpari, Giuseppa, additional, Scavia, Gaia Sofia, additional, Schembri, Pietro, additional, Varcasia, Bianca Maria, additional, and Di Bartolo, Ilaria, additional

Published
2021
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25. Particulate Shiga Toxin 2 in Blood is Associated to the Development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children

Author

Brigotti, Maurizio, additional, He, Xiaohua, additional, Carnicelli, Domenica, additional, Arfilli, Valentina, additional, Porcellini, Elisa, additional, Galassi, Elisabetta, additional, Tazzari, Pier Luigi, additional, Ricci, Francesca, additional, Patfield, Stephanie A., additional, Testa, Sara, additional, Paglialonga, Fabio, additional, Picicco, Damiano, additional, Caprioli, Alfredo, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Morabito, Stefano, additional, and Ardissino, Gianluigi, additional

Published
2019
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27. Metagenomic Characterization of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Fecal Samples from STEC-Infected Patients

Author

Gigliucci, Federica, von Meijenfeldt, F A Bastiaan, Knijn, Arnold, Michelacci, Valeria, Scavia, Gaia, Minelli, Fabio, Dutilh, Bas E, Ahmad, Hamideh M, Raangs, Gerwin C, Friedrich, Alex W, Rossen, John W A, Morabito, Stefano, Gigliucci, Federica, von Meijenfeldt, F A Bastiaan, Knijn, Arnold, Michelacci, Valeria, Scavia, Gaia, Minelli, Fabio, Dutilh, Bas E, Ahmad, Hamideh M, Raangs, Gerwin C, Friedrich, Alex W, Rossen, John W A, and Morabito, Stefano

Abstract

The human intestinal microbiota is a homeostatic ecosystem with a remarkable impact on human health and the disruption of this equilibrium leads to an increased susceptibility to infection by numerous pathogens. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and two different bioinformatic approaches, based on mapping of the reads onto databases and on the reconstruction of putative draft genomes, to investigate possible changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in samples from patients with Shiga Toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) infection compared to healthy and healed controls, collected during an outbreak caused by a STEC O26:H11 infection. Both the bioinformatic procedures used, produced similar result with a good resolution of the taxonomic profiles of the specimens. The stool samples collected from the STEC infected patients showed a lower abundance of the members ofBifidobacterialesandClostridialesorders in comparison to controls where those microorganisms predominated. These differences seemed to correlate with the STEC infection although a flexion in the relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus, part of theBifidobacterialesorder, was observed also in samples from Crohn's disease patients, displaying a STEC-unrelated dysbiosis. The metagenomics also allowed to identify in the STEC positive samples, all the virulence traits present in the genomes of the STEC O26 that caused the outbreak as assessed through isolation of the epidemic strain and whole genome sequencing. The results shown represent a first evidence of the changes occurring in the intestinal microbiota of children in the course of STEC infection and indicate that metagenomics may be a promising tool for the culture-independent clinical diagnosis of the infection.

Published
2018

28. Metagenomic Characterization of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Fecal Samples from STEC-Infected Patients

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Gigliucci, Federica, von Meijenfeldt, F A Bastiaan, Knijn, Arnold, Michelacci, Valeria, Scavia, Gaia, Minelli, Fabio, Dutilh, Bas E, Ahmad, Hamideh M, Raangs, Gerwin C, Friedrich, Alex W, Rossen, John W A, Morabito, Stefano, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Gigliucci, Federica, von Meijenfeldt, F A Bastiaan, Knijn, Arnold, Michelacci, Valeria, Scavia, Gaia, Minelli, Fabio, Dutilh, Bas E, Ahmad, Hamideh M, Raangs, Gerwin C, Friedrich, Alex W, Rossen, John W A, and Morabito, Stefano

Published
2018

29. Case-management protocol for bloody diarrhea as a model to reduce the clinical impact of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. Experience from Southern Italy.

Author

Loconsole, Daniela, Giordano, Mario, Laforgia, Nicola, Torres, Diletta, Santangelo, Luisa, Carbone, Vincenza, Parisi, Antonio, Quarto, Michele, Scavia, Gaia, Chironna, Maria, Bloody Diarrhea Apulia Working Group, Nigri, Luigi, Bruno, Viviana, Baldacci, Simona, Centrone, Francesca, De Robertis, Anna Lisa, Morea, Anna, Casulli, Daniele, Accogli, Marisa, and Rutigliano, Serafina

Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli diseases, DIARRHEA, CLINICAL pathology, ESCHERICHIA coli
Abstract

To describe an operating protocol for bloody diarrhea (BD) in a pediatric population as a rapid response to a public health threat represented by an excess of pediatric HUS cases in the Apulia region (Southern Italy) starting from 2013. The protocol was set up with the goal of correct clinical management of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections, reductions in subsequent cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and improved short- and long-term disease outcomes. The protocol consisted of rapid hospitalization of children with bloody diarrhea (BD), hematochemical laboratory tests every 12–24 hours, and prompt laboratory diagnosis of STEC. No antibiotics were recommended until diagnosis. Children positive for STEC infections underwent early vigorous volume expansion. In June–December 2018, 438 children with BD were hospitalized, of which 53 (12.1%) had a STEC infection. The most common serogroups were O26 (36.1%), O111 (23.0%), and O157 (14.8%). Thirty-one samples carried the stx2 gene. Four cases evolved into HUS (7.5%), all with favorable outcome despite neurological involvement in two cases. Prompt and accurate laboratory diagnosis of STEC infections is of the utmost importance in patients with BD for correct clinical management. The strict adherence to the protocol could reduce the progression rate of STEC infections to HUS and prevents complications. Enhanced BD surveillance may help reduce cases of pediatric HUS in Southern Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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32. A pediatric neurologic assessment score may drive the eculizumab-based treatment of Escherichia coli-related hemolytic uremic syndrome with neurological involvement

Author

Giordano, Paolo, primary, Netti, Giuseppe Stefano, additional, Santangelo, Luisa, additional, Castellano, Giuseppe, additional, Carbone, Vincenza, additional, Torres, Diletta Domenica, additional, Martino, Marida, additional, Sesta, Michela, additional, Di Cuonzo, Franca, additional, Resta, Maria Chiara, additional, Gaeta, Alberto, additional, Milella, Leonardo, additional, Chironna, Maria, additional, Germinario, Cinzia, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Gesualdo, Loreto, additional, and Giordano, Mario, additional

Published
2018
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34. A severe outbreak of listeriosis in central Italy with a rare pulsotype associated with processed pork products

Author

Duranti, Anna, primary, Sabbatucci, Michela, additional, Blasi, Giuliana, additional, Acciari, Vicdalia Aniela, additional, Ancora, Massimo, additional, Bella, Antonino, additional, Busani, Luca, additional, Centorame, Patrizia, additional, Cammà, Cesare, additional, Conti, Fabrizio, additional, De Medici, Dario, additional, Di Domenico, Marco, additional, Di Marzio, Violeta, additional, Filippini, Giovanni, additional, Fiore, Alfonsina, additional, Fisichella, Stefano, additional, Gattuso, Antonietta, additional, Gianfranceschi, Monica, additional, Graziani, Caterina, additional, Guidi, Fabrizia, additional, Marcacci, Maurilia, additional, Marfoglia, Cristina, additional, Neri, Diana, additional, Orsini, Massimiliano, additional, Ottaviani, Donatella, additional, Petruzzelli, Annalisa, additional, Pezzotti, Patrizio, additional, Rizzo, Caterina, additional, Ruolo, Anna, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Scuota, Stefania, additional, Tagliavento, Giuliano, additional, Tibaldi, Alberto, additional, Tonucci, Francesco, additional, Torresi, Marina, additional, Migliorati, Giacomo, additional, and Pomilio, Francesco, additional

Published
2018
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35. A case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) revealed an outbreak of Shiga toxin-2-producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 infection in a nursery, with long-lasting shedders and person-to-person transmission, Italy 2015

Author

Scavia, Gaia, primary, Gianviti, Alessandra, additional, Labriola, Vincenzo, additional, Chiani, Paola, additional, Maugliani, Antonella, additional, Michelacci, Valeria, additional, Minelli, Fabio, additional, Tozzoli, Rosangela, additional, Caprioli, Alfredo, additional, and Morabito, Stefano, additional

Published
2018
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36. Metagenomic Characterization of the Human Intestinal Microbiota in Fecal Samples from STEC-Infected Patients

Author

Gigliucci, Federica, primary, von Meijenfeldt, F. A. Bastiaan, additional, Knijn, Arnold, additional, Michelacci, Valeria, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Minelli, Fabio, additional, Dutilh, Bas E., additional, Ahmad, Hamideh M., additional, Raangs, Gerwin C., additional, Friedrich, Alex W., additional, Rossen, John W. A., additional, and Morabito, Stefano, additional

Published
2018
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37. Key Role of Sequencing to Trace Hepatitis A Viruses Circulating in Italy During a Large Multi-Country European Foodborne Outbreak in 2013

Author

Bruni, Roberto, Taffon, Stefania, Equestre, Michele, Chionne, Paola, Madonna, Elisabetta, Rizzo, Caterina, Tosti, Maria Elena, Alfonsi, Valeria, Ricotta, Lara, De Medici, Dario, Di Pasquale, Simona, Scavia, Gaia, Pavoni, Enrico, Losio, Marina Nadia, Romanò, Luisa, Zanetti, Alessandro Remo, Morea, Anna, Pacenti, Monia, Palu', Giorgio, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Chironna, Maria, Pompa, Maria Grazia, Ciccaglione, Anna Rita, Montaño Remacha, M. C., Busani, L., Escher, M., Garbuglia, A. R., Scognamiglio, P., Martini, V., Guizzardi, S., Cappelletti, B., Lena, R., Massaro, M., Menghi, A., Monteleone, D., and Borrello, S.

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Disease Outbreaks, Geographical Locations, Risk Factors, Genotype, Epidemiology, Genome Sequencing, lcsh:Science, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Phylogeny, Data Management, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Medicine (all), Hepatitis A, Phylogenetic Analysis, Medical microbiology, Europe, Phylogenetics, Italy, Viruses, Pathogens, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Amino Acid Substitution, Genetic Variation, Hepatitis A virus, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Viral Structural Proteins, Contact Tracing, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Nucleotide Sequencing, Context (language use), Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, medicine, Evolutionary Systematics, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, Taxonomy, Medicine and health sciences, Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques, Evolutionary Biology, Biology and life sciences, Comparative Sequence Analysis, Public health, lcsh:R, Viral pathogens, Organisms, Outbreak, DNA, medicine.disease, Virology, Hepatitis viruses, Microbial pathogens, People and Places, lcsh:Q, Contact tracing
Abstract

Background Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) outbreaks are being recognized as an emerging public health problem in industrialized countries. In 2013 three foodborne HAV outbreaks occurred in Europe and one in USA. During the largest of the three European outbreaks, most cases occurred in Italy (>1,200 cases as of March 31, 2014). A national Task Force was established at the beginning of the outbreak by the Ministry of Health. Mixed frozen berries were early demonstrated to be the source of infection by the identity of viral sequences in patients and in food. In the present study the molecular characterization of HAV isolates from 355 Italian cases is reported. Methods Molecular characterization was carried out by PCR/sequencing (VP1/2A region), comparison with reference strains and phylogenetic analysis. Results A unique strain was responsible for most characterized cases (235/355, 66.1%). Molecular data had a key role in tracing this outbreak, allowing 110 out of the 235 outbreak cases (46.8%) to be recognized in absence of any other link. The data also showed background circulation of further unrelated strains, both autochthonous and travel related, whose sequence comparison highlighted minor outbreaks and small clusters, most of them unrecognized on the basis of epidemiological data. Phylogenetic analysis showed most isolates from travel related cases clustering with reference strains originating from the same geographical area of travel. Conclusions In conclusion, the study documents, in a real outbreak context, the crucial role of molecular analysis in investigating an old but re-emerging pathogen. Improving the molecular knowledge of HAV strains, both autochthonous and circulating in countries from which potentially contaminated foods are imported, will become increasingly important to control outbreaks by supporting trace back activities, aiming to identify the geographical source(s) of contaminated food, as well as public health interventions.

Published
2016

38. Molecular characterisation of human Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 strains: results of an outbreak investigation, Romania, February to August 2016

Author

Usein, Codruţa-Romaniţa, primary, Ciontea, Adriana Simona, additional, Militaru, Cornelia Mãdãlina, additional, Condei, Maria, additional, Dinu, Sorin, additional, Oprea, Mihaela, additional, Cristea, Daniela, additional, Michelacci, Valeria, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Zota, Lavinia Cipriana, additional, Zaharia, Alina, additional, and Morabito, Stefano, additional

Published
2017
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40. Early findings in outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome among young children caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Romania, January to February 2016

Author

Peron, Emilie, primary, Zaharia, Alina, additional, Zota, Lavinia Cipriana, additional, Severi, Ettore, additional, Mårdh, Otilia, additional, Usein, Codruta, additional, Bălgrădean, Mihaela, additional, Espinosa, Laura, additional, Jansa, Josep, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Rafila, Alexandru, additional, Serban, Amalia, additional, and Pistol, Adriana, additional

Published
2016
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41. Similarity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains from Italy and Germany

Author

Scavia, Gaia, Morabito, Stefano, Tozzoli, Rosangela, Michelacci, Valeria, Marziano, Maria Luisa, Minelli, Fabio, Ferreri, Clarissa, Paglialonga, Fabio, Edefonti, Alberto, and Caprioli, Alfredo

Subjects
Shigella -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Escherichia coli -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Since the beginning of May 2011, a large outbreak of infections associated with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 has occurred in Germany (1). The outbreak [...]

Published
2011
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47. Assessment of the Genetic Susceptibility of Sheep to Scrapie by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification and Comparison with Experimental Scrapie Transmission Studies

Author

Bucalossi, Cecilia, primary, Cosseddu, GianMario, additional, D'Agostino, Claudia, additional, Di Bari, Michele Angelo, additional, Chiappini, Barbara, additional, Conte, Michela, additional, Rosone, Francesca, additional, De Grossi, Luigi, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Agrimi, Umberto, additional, Nonno, Romolo, additional, and Vaccari, Gabriele, additional

Published
2011
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48. Clinical Relevance of Shiga Toxin Concentrations in the Blood of Patients With Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Author

Brigotti, Maurizio, primary, Tazzari, Pier Luigi, additional, Ravanelli, Elisa, additional, Carnicelli, Domenica, additional, Rocchi, Laura, additional, Arfilli, Valentina, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Minelli, Fabio, additional, Ricci, Francesca, additional, Pagliaro, Pasqualepaolo, additional, Ferretti, Alfonso V. S., additional, Pecoraro, Carmine, additional, Paglialonga, Fabio, additional, Edefonti, Alberto, additional, Procaccino, Maria Antonietta, additional, Tozzi, Alberto E., additional, and Caprioli, Alfredo, additional

Published
2011
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49. Endothelial damage induced by Shiga toxins delivered by neutrophils during transmigration

Author

Brigotti, Maurizio, primary, Tazzari, Pier Luigi, additional, Ravanelli, Elisa, additional, Carnicelli, Domenica, additional, Barbieri, Stefania, additional, Rocchi, Laura, additional, Arfilli, Valentina, additional, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Ricci, Francesca, additional, Bontadini, Andrea, additional, Alfieri, Roberta R, additional, Petronini, Pier Giorgio, additional, Pecoraro, Carmine, additional, Tozzi, Alberto E, additional, and Caprioli, Alfredo, additional

Published
2010
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50. Protective effect of the AT137RQ and ARQK176PrP allele against classical scrapie in Sarda breed sheep

Author

Vaccari, Gabriele, primary, Scavia, Gaia, additional, Sala, Marcello, additional, Cosseddu, Gianmario, additional, Chiappini, Barbara, additional, Conte, Michela, additional, Esposito, Elena, additional, Lorenzetti, Raniero, additional, Perfetti, Gabriella, additional, Marconi, Paola, additional, Scholl, Francesco, additional, Barbaro, Katia, additional, Bella, Antonino, additional, Nonno, Romolo, additional, and Agrimi, Umberto, additional

Published
2009
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