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2. The proton radius puzzle

Author

Krauth, J. J., Schuhmann, K., Ahmed, M. Abdou, Amaro, F. D., Amaro, P., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carvalho, M. L., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Diepold, M., Fernandes, L. M. P., Franke, B., Galtier, S., Giesen, A., Gouvea, A. L., Götzfried, J., Graf, T., Guerra, M., Haack, J., Hänsch, T. W., Hildebrandt, M., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kirch, K., Knecht, A., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., Bigot, E. -O. Le, Liu, Y. -W., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Machado, J., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nebel, T., Nez, F., Rabinowitz, P., Rapisarda, E., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Santos, J. P., Schaller, L. A., Schwob, C., Szabo, C. I., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Voss, A., Weichelt, B., Willig, M., Pohl, R., and Antognini, A.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

High-precision measurements of the proton radius from laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen demonstrated up to six standard deviations smaller values than obtained from electron-proton scattering and hydrogen spectroscopy. The status of this discrepancy, which is known as the proton radius puzzle will be discussed in this paper, complemented with the new insights obtained from spectroscopy of muonic deuterium., Comment: Moriond 2017 conference, 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

3. Characterization of large area avalanche photodiodes in X-ray and VUV-light detection

Author

Fernandes, L. M. P., Amaro, F. D., Antognini, A., Cardoso, J. M. R., Conde, C. A. N., Huot, O., Knowles, P. E., Kottmann, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Pohl, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schaller, L. A., Taqqu, D., and Veloso, J. F. C. A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

The present manuscript summarizes novel studies on the application of large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) to the detection of X-rays and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. The operational characteristics of four different LAAPDs manufactured by Advanced Photonix Inc., with active areas of 80 and 200 mm^2 were investigated for X-ray detection at room temperature. The best energy resolution was found to be in the 10-18% range for 5.9 keV X-rays. The LAAPD, being compact, simple to operate and with high counting rate capability (up to about 10^5/s), proved to be useful in several applications, such as low-energy X-ray detection, where they can reach better performance than proportional counters. Since X-rays are used as reference in light measurements, the gain non-linearity between 5.9 keV X-rays and light pulses was investigated. The gain ratio between X-rays and VUV light decreases with gain, reaching 10 and 6% variations for VUV light produced in argon (~128 nm) and xenon (~172 nm), respectively, for a gain 200, while for visible light (~635 nm) the variation is lower than 1%. The effect of temperature on the LAAPD performance was investigated. Relative gain variations of about -5% per Celsius degree were observed for the highest gains. The excess noise factor was found to be independent on temperature, being between 1.8 and 2.3 for gains from 50 to 300. The energy resolution is better for decreasing temperatures due mainly to the dark current. LAAPDs were tested under intense magnetic fields up to 5 T, being insensitive when used in X-ray and visible-light detection, while for VUV light a significant amplitude reduction was observed at 5 T., Comment: 25 pages, 40 figures, submitted to JINST

Published
2007
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4. Muonic hydrogen cascade time and lifetime of the short-lived $2S$ state

Author

Ludhova, L., Amaro, F. D., Antognini, A., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Conde, C. A. N., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L. M. P., Haensch, T. W., Hughes, V. W., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Knowles, P. E., Kottmann, F., Liu, Y. -W., Lopes, J. A. M., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Pohl, R., Rabinowitz, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schaller, L. A., Schwob, C., Taqqu, D., and Veloso, J. F. C. A.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Metastable ${2S}$ muonic-hydrogen atoms undergo collisional ${2S}$-quenching, with rates which depend strongly on whether the $\mu p$ kinetic energy is above or below the ${2S}\to {2P}$ energy threshold. Above threshold, collisional ${2S} \to {2P}$ excitation followed by fast radiative ${2P} \to {1S}$ deexcitation is allowed. The corresponding short-lived $\mu p ({2S})$ component was measured at 0.6 hPa $\mathrm{H}_2$ room temperature gas pressure, with lifetime $\tau_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 165 ^{+38}_{-29}$ ns (i.e., $\lambda_{2S}^\mathrm{quench} = 7.9 ^{+1.8}_{-1.6} \times 10^{12} \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at liquid-hydrogen density) and population $\epsilon_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 1.70^{+0.80}_{-0.56}$ % (per $\mu p$ atom). In addition, a value of the $\mu p$ cascade time, $T_\mathrm{cas}^{\mu p} = (37\pm5)$ ns, was found., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2006
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5. Planar LAAPDs: Temperature Dependence, Performance, and Application in Low Energy X-ray Spectroscopy

Author

Ludhova, L., Amaro, F. D., Antognini, A., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Conde, C. A. N., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L. M. P., Hansch, T. W., Hughes, V. W., Huot, O., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Knowles, P. E., Kottmann, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Liu, Y. -W., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Pohl, R., Rabinowitz, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schaller, L. A., Taqqu, D., and Veloso, J. F. C. A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

An experiment measuring the 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen mup is being performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. It requires small and compact detectors for 1.9 keV x rays (2P-1S transition) with an energy resolution around 25% at 2 keV, a time resolution better than 100 ns, a large solid angle coverage, and insensitivity to a 5 T magnetic field. We have chosen Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs) from Radiation Monitoring Devices as x-ray detectors, and they were used during the last data taking period in 2003. For x-ray spectroscopy applications, these LAAPDs have to be cooled in order to suppress the dark current noise, hence, a series of tests were performed to choose the optimal operation temperature. Specifically, the temperature dependence of gain, energy resolution, dark current, excess noise factor, and detector response linearity was studied. Finally, details of the LAAPDs application in the muonic hydrogen experiment as well as their response to alpha particles are presented., Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Methods A

Published
2004
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6. Experimental study of $\mu$--atomic and $\mu$--molecular processes in pure helium and deuterium--helium mixtures

Author

Bystritsky, V. M., Boreiko, V. F., Czapliński, W., Filipowicz, M., Gerasimov, V. V., Huot, O., Knowles, P. E., Mulhauser, F., Pavlov, V. N., Popov, N. P., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Sandukovsky, V. G., Stolupin, V. A., Volnykh, V. P., and Woźniak, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present experimental results of $\mu$--atomic and $\mu$--molecular processes induced by negative muons in pure helium and helium--deuterium mixtures. The experiment was performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland). We measured muonic x--ray $K$ series transitions relative intensities in $(\mu{}^{3,4}\mathrm{He})^*$ atoms in pure helium as well as in helium--deuterium mixture. The muon stopping powers ratio between helium and deuterium atoms and the $d \mu{}^3 \mathrm{He}$ radiative decay probability of for two different helium densities in $\mathrm{D}_2 + {}^3\mathrm{He}$ mixture were also determined. Finally, the $\mathrm{q}_{1s}^{\mathrm{He}}$ probability for a $d\mu$ atom formed in an excited state to reach the ground state was measured and compared with theoretical calculations using a simple cascade model., Comment: 15pages, 10 figures

Published
2003

7. Muon capture by 3He nuclei followed by proton and deuteron production

Author

Bystritsky, V. M., Boreiko, V. F., Filipowicz, M., Gerasimov, V. V., Huot, O., Knowles, P. E., Mulhauser, F., Pavlov, V. N., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Sandukovsky, V. G., Stolupin, V. A., Volnykh, V. P., and Wozniak, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The paper describes an experiment aimed at studying muon capture by ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclei in pure ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $\mathrm{D}_2 + {}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ mixtures at various densities. Energy distributions of protons and deuterons produced via $\mu^-+{}^{3}\mathrm{He}\to p+n+n + \nu_{\mu }$ and $\mu^-+{}^{3} \mathrm{He} \to d+n + \nu_{\mu}$ are measured for the energy intervals $10 - 49$ MeV and $13 - 31$ MeV, respectively. Muon capture rates, $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^p (\Delta E_p)$ and $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^d (\Delta E_d)$ are obtained using two different analysis methods. The least--squares methods gives $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^p = (36.7\pm 1.2) {s}^{- 1}$, $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^d = (21.3 \pm 1.6) {s}^{- 1}$. The Bayes theorem gives $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^p = (36.8 \pm 0.8) {s}^{- 1}$, $\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^d = (21.9 \pm 0.6) {s}^{- 1}$. The experimental differential capture rates, $d\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^p (E_p) / dE_p $ and $ d\lambda_\mathrm{cap}^d (E_d) / dE_d$, are compared with theoretical calculations performed using the plane--wave impulse approximation (PWIA) with the realistic NN interaction Bonn B potential. Extrapolation to the full energy range yields total proton and deuteron capture rates in good agreement with former results., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PRA

Published
2003
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8. Muon transfer from deuterium to helium

Author

Augsburger, M., Ackerbauer, P., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Chatellard, D., Egger, J. -P., Gartner, B., Hartmann, F. J., Huot, O., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kammel, P., King, R., Knowles, P., Kosak, A., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Muehlbauer, M., Mulhauser, F., Petitjean, C., Prymas, W., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Tresch, S., von Egidy, T., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on an experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland measuring x rays from muon transfer from deuterium to helium. Both the ground state transfer via the exotic dmu3,4He* molecules and the excited state transfer from mud* were measured. The use of CCD detectors allowed x rays from 1.5 keV to 11 keV to be detected with sufficient energy resolution to separate the transitions to different final states in both deuterium and helium. The x-ray peaks of the dmu3He* and dmu4He* molecules were measured with good statistics. For the D2+3He mixture, the peak has its maximum at E_dmu3He = 6768 +- 12 eV with FWHM Gamma_dmu3He = 863 +- 10 eV. Furthermore the radiative branching ratio was found to be kappa_dmu3He = 0.301 +- 0.061. For the D_2+4He mixture, the maximum of the peak lies at E_dmu4He = 6831 +- 8 eV and the FWHM is Gamma_dmu4He = 856 +- 10 eV. The radiative branching ratio is kappa_dmu4He = 0.636 +- 0.097. The excited state transfer is limited by the probability to reach the deuterium ground state, q_1s. This coefficient was determined for both mixtures: q^3He_1s = 68.9 +- 2.7% and q^4He_1s = 90.1 +- 1.5., Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures

Published
2003
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9. Scattering of p$\mu$ muonic atoms in solid hydrogen

Author

Wozniak, J., Adamczak, A., Beer, G. A., Bystritsky, V. M., Filipowicz, M., Fujiwara, M. C., Huber, T. M., Huot, O., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Marshall, G. M., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., Schaller, L. A., Stolupin, V. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present the results of experimental and theoretical study of the scattering of low energy p$\mu$ atoms in solid hydrogen cooled to 3 K. The resulting emission of low energy p$\mu$ atoms from the hydrogen layer into the adjacent vacuum was much higher than that predicted by calculations which ignored the solid nature of the hydrogen. New differential scattering cross sections have been calculated for the collisions of p$\mu$ atoms on solid hydrogen to acount for its quantum crystalline nature. Analysis of the experimental data performed using such cross sections shows the important role of the coherent scattering in p$\mu$ atom diffusion. For p$\mu$ energies lower than the Bragg cutoff limit (2 meV) the elastic Bragg scattering vanishes which makes the total scattering cross section fall by several orders of magnitude, and thus the hydrogen target becomes transparent allowing the emission of cold p$\mu$ atoms to occur., Comment: revtex4, 15 pages, 19 figures, 6 tables, submitted to PRA, revised

Published
2002
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10. Creating Conditions for Harnessing the Potential of Transitions to Agroecology in Europe and Requirements for Policy | Création de conditions pour exploiter le potentiel des transitions vers l'agroécologie en Europe et exigences des politiques | Schaffung von Bedingungen für die Nutzung des agrarökologischen Potenzials in Europa und Anforderungen an die Politik

Author

Miller D., Legras S., Barnes A., Cazacu M., Gava O., Helin J., Irvine K., Kantelhardt J., Landert J., Latruffe L., Mayer A., Niedermayr A., Povellato A., Schaller L., Schwarz G., Smith P., Vanni F., Vedrine L., Viaggi D., Vincent A., Vlahos G., Miller D., Legras S., Barnes A., Cazacu M., Gava O., Helin J., Irvine K., Kantelhardt J., Landert J., Latruffe L., Mayer A., Niedermayr A., Povellato A., Schaller L., Schwarz G., Smith P., Vanni F., Vedrine L., Viaggi D., Vincent A., and Vlahos G.

Subjects
agroecology, low input agriculture
Abstract

The European Union’s Farm-to-Fork Strategy sets out its ambitions and approach to how European’s value food sustainability, and the accompanying opportunities for improving the environment as well as the lifestyles and health of EU citizens. It identifies the role of agroecological approaches in primary production as one of the means by which these ambitions can be achieved, through new knowledge and innovations in land management and supply chains. This article concludes the Special Issue on the EU Horizon 2020 projects LIFT and UNISECO, synthesising requirements for the realisation of transitions to agroecology in Europe. It reports the key needs identified of developing human capital, partnerships, cooperation and social capital, access to data and tools, and the links between these needs and relevant EU and national level policies. Les systèmes alimentaires doivent être réorientés pour mieux prendre en compte les interactions avec l’environnement, l’économie, la santé et la société. Les transitions vers des pratiques et des systèmes agricoles agroécologiques peuvent relier les domaines de l’action publique et permettre d'atteindre des objectifs environnementaux, économiques et sociaux. Ces transitions fournissent une perspective pour examiner les politiques, les pratiques et les comportements des acteurs des systèmes agricoles et des chaînes de valeur, l’identifi cation des obstacles à l'adoption et les domaines d’action publique auxquels ils contribuent ou qui présentent des lacunes. Le développement du capital social et humain et de structures de gouvernance qui permettent les transitions vers l’agroécologie est la clé de leurs chances de succès. L’éducation et l’apprentissage tout au long de la carrière sont essentiels pour développer les connaissances et les compétences des jeunes générations de gestionnaires fonciers et d’autres acteurs des chaînes de valeur, tout au long de leur carrière. Le résultat recherché est une compréhension partagée des avantages des pratiques et des systèmes agroécologiques, créant des opportunités pour rééquilibrer les politiques vers la neutralité climatique, inverser la perte de biodiversité et renforcer les droits des citoyens. Pour concrétiser ces opportunités, les politiques et stratégies doivent être cohérentes à tous les niveaux territoriaux et systémiques, et adaptées au lieu, au système, aux personnes et aux étapes des transitions. Dans l’ensemble, elles devraient être conçus pour garantir que tous les citoyens bénéfi cient des transitions vers des systèmes agricoles agroécologiques, sur le long terme, et que personne ni aucun lieu ne soit désavantagé par les processus de changement ou les résultats escomptés. Die Lebensmittelsysteme müssen neu ausgerichtet werden, um den Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Umwelt, der Wirtschaft, der Gesundheit und der Gesellschaft stärker Rechnung zu tragen. Die Umstellung auf agrarökologische Anbaumethoden und - systeme kann die Politikbereiche miteinander verbinden und zur Erreichung ökologischer, wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Ziele beitragen. Sie bieten einen Ansatzpunkt für die Überprüfung der Politik, der Praxis und der Verhaltensweisen der Akteure in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen und Wertschöpfungsketten. Des Weiteren helfen sie bei der Ermittlung von Umsetzungsbarrieren und von Politikbereichen, zu denen sie beitragen oder in denen es Lücken gibt. Die Entwicklung von Sozial- und Humankapital sowie von Governance- Strukturen – die den Übergang zur Agrarökologie ermöglichen – sind ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor. Bildung und lebenslanges Lernen sind ein zentraler Baustein, um die Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten der jüngeren Generationen von Landwirten und Landwirtinnen und anderen Akteuren in den Wertschöpfungsketten zu entwickeln. Das angestrebte Ergebnis ist ein gemeinsames Verständnis über die Vorteile agrarökologischer Praktiken und Systeme. Dieses schafft Möglichkeiten für eine Neuausrichtung der Politik im Hinblick auf Klimaneutralität, Umkehrung des Verlusts der biologischen Vielfalt und Stärkung der Rechte der Bürger. Zur Verwirklichung der Möglichkeiten, sollten Politiken und Strategien über territoriale und Systemebenen hinweg kohärent und auf Ort, System, Menschen und Phasen des Übergangs zugeschnitten sein. Insgesamt sollten sie so konzipiert sein, dass alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger langfristig von der Umstellung auf agrarökologische Bewirtschaftungssysteme profi tieren und dass niemand oder kein Ort durch den Veränderungsprozess oder das angestrebte Ergebnis benachteiligt wird.

Published
2022

11. First results on kaonic hydrogen from the DEAR experiment

Author

Guaraldo, C., Beer, G., Bragadireanu, A. M., Cargnelli, M., Curceanu (Petrascu), C., Egger, J.-P., Fuhrman, H., Iliescu, M., Ishiwatari, T., Itahashi, K., Iwasaki, M., Lauss, B., Lucherini, V., Ludhova, L., Marton, J., Mulhauser, F., Ponta, T., Schaller, L. A., Seki, R., Sirghi, D., Sirghi, F., Strasser, P., Zmeskal, J., Boffi, Sigfrido, editor, Giannini, Mauro M., editor, and Ciofi degli Atti, Claudio, editor

Published
2004
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12. Towards a Measurement of the Lamb Shift in Muonic Hydrogen

Author

Pohl, R., Biraben, F., Conde, C.A.N., Donche-Gay, C., Hänsch, T. W., Hartmann, F. J., Hauser, P., Hughes, V. W., Huot, O., Indelicato, P., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., Liu, Y. -W., Markushin, V. E., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Petitjean, C., Rabinowitz, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Schott, W., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Beig, R., editor, Ehlers, J., editor, Frisch, U., editor, Hepp, K., editor, Hillebrandt, W., editor, Imboden, D., editor, Jaffe, R. L., editor, Kippenhahn, R., editor, Lipowsky, R., editor, Löhneysen, H. v., editor, Ojima, I., editor, Weidenmüller, H. A., editor, Wess, J., editor, Zittartz, J., editor, Karshenboim, Savely G., editor, Bassani, F., editor, Pavone, F.S., editor, Inguscio, M., editor, and Hänsch, T.W., editor

Published
2001
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13. Ultrasound imaging of liquid fraction in foam

Author

Emmerich, H., (0000-0001-7012-7662) Knüpfer, L., (0000-0002-2493-7629) Heitkam, S., Starke, E., Trtik, P., Schaller, L., Weik, D., Czarske, J., Emmerich, H., (0000-0001-7012-7662) Knüpfer, L., (0000-0002-2493-7629) Heitkam, S., Starke, E., Trtik, P., Schaller, L., Weik, D., and Czarske, J.

Abstract

Flotation is an important process in liquid-solid and solid-solid separation, whereby desired solids in suspensions are recovered by their attachment to gas bubbles. Monitoring the process is essential for increased grade of quality and reduced water consumption. However, in situ measurements of the froth’s phases (liquid, air, particles) or volume flow, which is easily integrable in industrial process are not available. In this paper, we propose an instrumentation with ultrasound transducers of center frequency of 135 kHz and electrodes to measure the liquid fraction distribution in foam and froth with high spatio-temporal resolution of 6.65 mm (axial), 13 mm (lateral) and 1 Hz. The measurement system was calibrated in homogeneous, steady foam by an integral conductivity measurement. A backscatter model was applied to reduce the effect of ultrasound shadowing and enhance quantitative liquid fraction estimates. The measurement was validated by neutron radiography. An averaged absolute and relative measurement uncertainty of 0.17 ·10 −2 and 35.1 % for 1 s and 0.08 ·10 −2 and 17.2 % for 100 s measurement was achieved respectively. As an additional validation six cases of inhomogeneous and dynamic liquid fraction distributions were investigated qualitatively. We were able to determine the liquid fraction in froth in a spatially and temporally resolved manner with a penetration depth of 9.2 cm. This investigation distinguished between two of the three froth phases within the analyzed range. However, only processes with low liquid fraction (≤ 0.83 ·10 −2 ) can be monitored. This work be considered a a first step towards in situ monitoring of froth flotation processes.

Published
2022

14. Is the proton radius a player in the redefinition of the International System of Units?

Author

Nez, F., Antognini, A., Amaro, F. D., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Covita, D., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L., Giesen, A., Graf, T., Hänsch, T. W., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kao, C.-Y., Knowles, P. E., Le Bigot, E., Liu, Y.-W., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nebel, T., Rabinowitz, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Schaller, L., Schuhmann, K., Schwob, C., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., Kottmann, F., and Pohl, R.

Published
2011

18. Muon Transfer to Low Z Elements

Author

Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Mulhauser, F., Piller, C., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Zichichi, Antonino, editor, Simons, Leopold M., editor, Horváth, Dezsö, editor, and Torelli, Gabriele, editor

Published
1990
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19. Muon Transfer in H2 + SO2 Gas Mixtures

Author

Mulhauser, F., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Piller, C., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Zichichi, Antonino, editor, Simons, Leopold M., editor, Horváth, Dezsö, editor, and Torelli, Gabriele, editor

Published
1990
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20. The size of the proton: From the Lamb-shift in muonic hydrogen

Author

Nebel, T., Antognini, A., Amaro, F. D., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. M. R., Covita, D. S., Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L. M. P., Giesen, A., Graf, T., Hänsch, T. W., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Kao, C.-Y., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., Le Bigot, E., Liu, Y.-W., Lopes, J. A. M., Ludhova, L., Monteiro, C. M. B., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Rabinowitz, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Schaller, L. A., Schuhmann, K., Schwob, C., Taqqu, D., Veloso, J. F. C. A., and Pohl, R.

Published
2012
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21. LIFT Deliverable D3.1 Farm technical-economic performance depending on the degree of ecological approaches

Author

Niedermayr Andreas, Kanntelhardt, J., Eckart, L., Kohrs, M., Schaller, L., Walder, P., Bakucs, Z., Bar��th, L., Barnes, A., Britz, W., Dakpo K., H., D���Alberto, R., Desjeux, Y., F��m��nia, F., Fert��, I., Gouta, P., Hansson, H., Heinrichs, J., Huang, W., Jeanneaux, P., Jin, Y., Jouan, J., Kilcline, K., Konstantidelli, V., Krupin, V., Kuhn, T., Lascano Galarza, M.X., Latruffe, L., Letort, E., Manevska-Tasevska, G., O���Donoghue, C., Pahmeyer, C., Raggi, M., Ridier, A., Ryan, M., Sintori, A., Thompson, B., Toma, L., Tzouramani, I., Viaggi, D., Zavalloni, M., Zawali��ska, K., and Kassoum Ayouba

Published
2021
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22. The size of the proton

Author

Nebel, T., primary, Antognini, A., additional, Amaro, F. D., additional, Biraben, F., additional, Cardoso, J. M. R., additional, Covita, D. S., additional, Dax, A., additional, Dhawan, S., additional, Fernandes, L. M. P., additional, Giesen, A., additional, Graf, T., additional, Hänsch, T. W., additional, Indelicato, P., additional, Julien, L., additional, Kao, C.-Y., additional, Knowles, P., additional, Kottmann, F., additional, Le Bigot, E., additional, Liu, Y.-W., additional, Lopes, J. A. M., additional, Ludhova, L., additional, Monteiro, C. M. B., additional, Mulhauser, F., additional, Nez, F., additional, Rabinowitz, P., additional, dos Santos, J. M. F., additional, Schaller, L. A., additional, Schuhmann, K., additional, Schwob, C., additional, Taqqu, D., additional, Veloso, J. F. C. A., additional, and Pohl, R., additional

Published
2011
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23. The Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift Experiment at PSI

Author

Kottmann, F., Amir, W., Biraben, F., Conde, C. A. N., Dhawan, S., Hänsch, T. W., Hartmann, F. J., Hughes, V. W., Huot, O., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Knowles, P., Kazamias, S., Liu, Y.-W., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Pohl, R., Rabinowitz, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Schott, W., Taqqu, D., and Veloso, J. F. C. A.

Published
2001
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24. Experimental Search for μd 3He Fusion

Author

Knowles, P. E., Boreiko, V. M., Bystritsky, V. M., Filipowicz, M., Huot, O., Mulhauser, F., Pavlov, V. N., Penkov, F. M., Petitjean, C., Popov, N. P., Sandukovsky, V. G., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Stolupin, V. A., and Woźniak, J.

Published
2001
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25. Advantages and Limitations of Solid Layer Experiments in Muon Catalyzed Fusion

Author

Marshall, G. M., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beveridge, J. L., Beer, G. A., Brewer, J. H., Bystritsky, V. M., Faifman, M. P., Forster, B. M., Fujiwara, M. C., Huber, T. M., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kammel, P., Kendall, K. R., Kherani, N. P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Maier, M., Markushin, V. E., Melezhik, V. S., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., Schaller, L. A., Stolupin, V. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Published
2001
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26. The DEAR case

Author

Bianco, S., Bragadireanu, A. M., Fabbri, F. L., Guaraldo, C., Iliescu, M., Ito, T. M., Lucherini, V., Petrascu, C., Bregant, M., Milotti, E., Vacchi, A., Zavattini, E., Augsburger, M., Chatellard, D., Knowles, P., Mulhauser, F., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Egger, J. P., Varidel, D., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Gartner, B., King, R., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Zmeskal, J., Ponta, T., Nakamura, S. N., Koike, T., Hayano, R. S., Hori, M., Ishikawa, T., Ishiwatari, T., Iwasaki, M., Akaishi, Y., Beer, G., Sanderson, A. C., and Seki, R.

Published
1999
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27. Pion correlations and resonance effects in $$\bar pp$$ annihilation at rest to 2π+2π-π0

Author

Apostolakis, A., Aslanides, E., Backenstoss, G., Bargassa, P., Behnke, O., Benelli, A., Bertin, V., Blanc, F., Bloch, P., Carlson, P., Carroll, M., Cawley, E., Chertok, M. B., Danielsson, M., Dejardin, M., Derre, J., Ealet, A., Eleftheriadis, C., Farave, L., Fetscher, W., Fidecaro, M., Filipčič, A., Francis, D., Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Garnet, R., Gerber, H. -J., Go, A., Haselden, A., Hayman, P. J., Henry-Couannier, F., Hollander, R. W., JonAnd, K., Kettle, P. -R., Kokkas, P., Kreuger, R., Le Gac, R., Leimgruber, F., Mandic, I., Manthos, N., Marel, G., Mikuz, M., Miller, J., Montanet, F., Muller, A., Nakada, T., Pagels, B., Papadopoulos, I., Pavlopoulos, P., Polivka, G., Rickenbach, R., Roberts, B. L., Ruf, T., Sakeliou, L., Schäfer, M., Schaller, L. A., Schietinger, T., Schopper, A., Tauscher, L., Thibault, C., Touchard, F., Touramanis, C., Van Eijk, C. W. E., Vlachos, S., Weber, P., Wigger, O., Wolter, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zimmerman, D., Locher, M. P., Markushin, V. E., and CPLEAR Collaboration

Published
1999
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28. Direct determination of two-pion correlations for pp→ 2π+2π− annihilation at rest

Author

Angelopoulos, A., Apostolakis, A., Aslanides, E., Backenstoss, G., Bargassa, P., Behnke, O., Benelli, A., Bertin, V., Blanc, F., Bloch, P., Carlson, P., Carroll, M., Carvalho, J., Cawley, E., Charalambous, S., Chardin, G., Chertok, M. B., Cody, A., Danielsson, M., Dejardin, M., Derre, J., Ealet, A., Eleftheriadis, C., Evangelou, I., Faravel, L., Ferreira-Marques, R., Fetscher, W., Fidecaro, M., Filipčič, A., Francis, D., Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., Garreta, D., Gerber, H. -J., Go, A., Haselden, A., Hayman, P. J., Henry-Couannier, F., Hollander, R. W., Hubert, E., Jon-And, K., Kettle, P. -R., Kokkas, P., Kreuger, R., Le Gac, R., Leimgruber, F., Liolios, A., Locher, M. P., Machado, E., Mandić, I, Manthos, N., Marel, G., Markushin, V. E., Mikuž, M., Miller, J., Montanet, F., Muller, A., Nakada, T., Pagels, B., Papadopoulos, I., Pavlopoulos, P., Pinto da Cunha, J., Policarpo, A., Polivka, G., Rickenbach, R., Roberts, B. L., Ruf, T., Sakeliou, L., Sanders, P., Schäfer, M., Schaller, L. A., Schietinger, T., Schopper, A., Soares, A., Tauscher, L., Thibault, C., Touchard, F., Touramanis, C., Triantis, F., Van Beveren, E., Van Eijk, C. W. E., Vlachos, S., Weber, P., Wigger, O., Wolter, M., Yeche, C., Zavrtanik, D., Zimmerman, D., and CPLEAR Collaboration

Published
1998
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30. Experimental investigation of the muon transfer reaction from deuterium to helium isotopes

Author

Gartner, B., Ackerbauer, P., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Fischer, A., Kammel, P., King, R., Kminek, G., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Prymas, W., Steininger, E., Zmeskal, J., Petitjean, C., Chatellard, D., Egger, J. -P., Jeannet, E., Hartmann, F. J., Kosak, A., Mühlbauer, M., von Egidy, T., Piller, C., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Thalmann, Y. -A., Tresch, S., and Werthmüller, A.

Published
1996
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33. Muon transfer from protium to helium

Author

Tresch, S., Ackerbauer, P., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Chatellard, D., Egger, J. -P., von Egidy, T., Fischer, A., Gartner, B., Hartmann, F. J., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Jeannet, E., Kammel, P., King, R., Kminek, G., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Mühlbauer, M., Mulhauser, F., Petitjean, C., Piller, C., Prymas, W., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Steininger, E., Thalmann, Y. A., Werthmüller, A., and Zmeskal, J.

Published
1996
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34. Muon transfer to light atoms

Author

Schellenberg, L., Adamczak, A., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Mulhauser, F., Piller, C., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Thalmann, Y. -A., Tresch, S., and Werthmüller, A.

Published
1996
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35. Measurement ofCP violation parameters and test ofCPT invariance with $$\overline {K^0 } $$ and K0 at LEARand K0 at LEAR

Author

Adler, R., Alhalel, T., Angelopoulos, A., Apostolakis, A., Aslanides, E., Backenstoss, G., Bee, C. P., Behnke, O., Benelli, A., Bertin, V., Blanc, F., Bloch, P., Bula, Ch., Carlson, P., Carroll, M., Carvalho, J., Cawley, E., Charalambous, S., Chardalas, M., Chardin, G., Chertok, M. B., Cody, A., Danielsson, M., Dedoussis, S., Dejardin, M., Derre, J., Duclos, J., Ealet, A., Eckart, B., Eleftheriadis, C., Evangelou, I., Faravel, L., Fassnacht, P., Faure, J. L., Felder, C., Ferreira-Marques, R., Fetscher, W., Fidecaro, M., Filipčič, A., Francis, D., Fry, J., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., Garreta, D., Gerber, H. -J., Go, A., Guyot, C., Haselden, A., Hayman, P. J., Henry-Couannier, F., Hollander, R. W., Hubert, E., Jon-And, K., Kettle, P. -R., Kochowski, C., Kokkas, P., Kreuger, R., Le Gac, R., Leimgruber, F., Liolios, A., Machado, E., Mandić, I., Manthos, N., Marel, G., Mikuz, M., Miller, J., Montanet, F., Nakada, T., Onofre, A., Pagels, B., Papadopoulos, I., Pavlopoulos, P., Pinto da Cunha, J., Policarpo, A., Polivka, G., Rickenbach, R., Roberts, B. L., Rozaki, E., Ruf, T., Sakeliou, L., Sanders, P., Santoni, C., Sarigiannis, K., Schäfer, M., Schaller, L. A., Schopper, A., Schune, P., Soares, A., Tauscher, L., Thibault, C., Touchard, F., Touramanis, C., Triantis, F., Van Beveren, E., Van Eijk, C. W. E., Varner, G., Vlachos, S., Weber, P., Wigger, O., Wolter, M., Yèche, C., Zavrtanik, D., Zimmerman, D., and CPLEAR Collaboration

Published
1996
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36. Status of the muonic hydrogen Lamb-shift experiment

Author

Nebel, T., Amaro, F. D., Antognini, A., Biraben, F., Cardoso, J. MR, Conde, C. AN, Dax, A., Dhawan, S., Fernandes, L. MP, Giesen, A., Hänsch, T. W., Indelicato, P., Julien, L., Knowles, P. E., Kottmann, F., Le Bigot, E., Liu, Y. -W, Lopes, J. AM, Ludhova, L., Monteiro, C. MB, Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Pohl, R., Rabinowitz, P., dos Santos, J. MF, Schaller, L. A., Schuhmann, K., Schwob, C., Taqqu, D., and Veloso, J FCA

Published
2007

37. Inclusive measurement of $$\bar p$$ annihilation at rest in gaseous hydrogen to final states containingρ andf 2

Author

Adler, R., Alhalel, T., Angelopoulos, A., Apostolakis, A., Aslanides, E., Backenstoss, G., Bee, C. P., Behnke, O., Bennet, J., Bertin, V., Bienlein, J. K., Bloch, P., Bula, Ch., Carlson, P., Carvalho, J., Cawley, E., Charalambous, S., Chardalas, M., Chardin, G., Chertok, M. B., Danielsson, M., Cody, A., Dedoussis, S., Dejardin, M., Derre, J., Dodgson, M., Dousse, J. C., Duclos, J., Ealet, A., Eckart, B., Eleftheriadis, C., Evangelou, I., Faravel, L., Fassnacht, P., Faure, J. L., Felder, C., Ferreira-Marques, R., Fetscher, W., Fidecaro, M., Filipčič, A., Francis, D., Fry, J., Fuglesang, C., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., Garreta, D., Geralis, T., Gerber, H. -J., Go, A., Gumplinger, P., Guyot, C., Harrisch, P. F., Haselden, A., Hayman, P. J., Henry-Couannier, F., Heyes, W. G., Hollander, R. W., Jansson, K., Johner, H. U., Jon-And, K., Kerek, A., Kern, J., Kettle, P. R., Kochowski, C., Kokkas, P., Kreuger, R., Lawry, T., Le Gac, R., Liolios, A., Machado, E., Maley, P., Mandić, I., Manthos, N., Marel, G., Mikuž, M., Miller, J., Montanet, F., Nakada, T., Onofre, A., Pagels, B., Pavlopoulos, P., Pelucchi, F., Pinto da Cunha, J., Policarpo, A., Polivka, G., Postma, H., Richkenbach, R., Roberts, B. L., Rozaki, E., Ruf, T., Sacks, L., Sakeliou, L., Sanders, P., Santoni, C., Sarigiannis, K., Schäfer, M., Schaller, L. A., Schopper, A., Schune, P., Soares, A., Tauscher, L., Thibault, C., Touchard, F., Touramanis, C., Triantis, F., Tröster, D. A., Van Beveren, E., Van Eijk, C. W. E., Varner, G., Vlachos, S., Weber, P., Wigger, O., Witzig, C., Wolter, M., Yeche, C., Zavrtanik, D., Zimmerman, D., and CPLEAR Collaboration

Published
1995
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38. Bose-Einstein correlations in $$\bar p$$ p annihilations at rest

Author

Adler, R., Alhalel, T., Angelopoulos, A., Apostolakis, A., Aslanides, E., Backenstoss, G., Bee, C. P., Behnke, O., Bennet, J., Bertin, V., Bienlein, J. K., Bloch, P., Bula, Ch., Carlson, P., Carvalho, J., Cawley, E., Charalambous, S., Chardalas, M., Chardin, G., Chertok, M. B., Danielsson, M., Cody, A., Dedoussis, S., Dejardin, M., Derre, J., Dodgson, M., Dousse, J. C., Duclos, J., Ealet, A., Eckart, B., Eleftheriadis, C., Evangelou, I., Faravel, L., Fassnacht, P., Faure, J. L., Felder, C., Ferreira-Marques, R., Fetscher, W., Fidecaro, M., Filipčič, A., Francis, D., Fry, J., Fuglesang, C., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., Garreta, D., Geralis, T., Gerber, H. -J., Go, A., Gumplinger, P., Guyot, C., Harrison, P. F., Haselden, A., Hayman, P. J., Henry-Couannier, F., Heyes, W. G., Hollander, R. W., Jansson, K., Johner, H. U., Jon-And, K., Kerek, A., Kern, J., Kettle, P. R., Kochowski, C., Kokkas, P., Kreuger, R., Lawry, T., Le Gac, R., Liolios, A., Machado, E., Maley, P., Mandić, I., Manthos, N., Marel, G., Mikuž, M., Miller, J., Montanet, F., Nakada, T., Onofre, A., Pagels, B., Pavlopoulos, P., Pelucchi, F., Pinto da Cunha, J., Policarpo, A., Polivka, G., Postma, H., Rickenbach, R., Roberts, B. L., Rozaki, E., Ruf, T., Sacks, L., Sakeliou, L., Sanders, P., Santoni, C., Sarigiannis, K., Schäfer, M., Schaller, L. A., Schopper, A., Schune, P., Soares, A., Tauscher, L., Thibault, C., Touchard, F., Touramanis, C., Triantis, F., Troster, D. A., Van Beveren, E., Van Eijk, C. W. E., Varner, G., Vlachos, S., Weber, P., Wigger, O., Witzig, C., Wolter, M., Yeche, C., Zavrtanik, D., Zimmerman, D., and CPLEAR Collaboration

Published
1994
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39. Towards a Measurement of the Lamb Shift in Muonic Hydrogen

Author

Pohl, R., primary, Biraben, F., additional, Conde, C.A.N., additional, Donche-Gay, C., additional, Hänsch, T. W., additional, Hartmann, F. J., additional, Hauser, P., additional, Hughes, V. W., additional, Huot, O., additional, Indelicato, P., additional, Knowles, P., additional, Kottmann, F., additional, Liu, Y. -W., additional, Markushin, V. E., additional, Mulhauser, F., additional, Nez, F., additional, Petitjean, C., additional, Rabinowitz, P., additional, Santos, J. M. F. dos, additional, Schaller, L. A., additional, Schneuwly, H., additional, Schott, W., additional, Taqqu, D., additional, and Veloso, J. F. C. A., additional

Published
2001
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40. The study of prompt and delayed muon induced fission: III. The ratios of prompt to delayed fission yields

Author

Rösel, Ch., Hänscheid, H., Hartfiel, J., von Mutius, R., van Enschut, J. F. M. d'Achard, David, P., Janszen, H., Johansson, T., Konijn, J., Krogulski, T., de Laat, C. T. A. M., Paganetti, H., Petitjean, C., Polikanov, S. M., Reist, H. W., Risse, F., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schrieder, W., Sinha, A. K., Taal, A., Theobald, J. P., Tibell, G., and Trautmann, N.

Published
1993
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41. The muonic hydrogen Lamb-shift experiment

Author

Pohl, R, Antognini, A, Amaro, F D, Biraben, F, Cardoso, J MR, Conde, C AN, Dax, A, Dhawan, S, Fernandes, L MP, Hänsch, T W, Hartmann, F J, Hughes, V W, Huot, O, Indelicato, P, Julien, L, Knowles, P E, Kottmann, F, Liu, Y-W, Ludhova, L, Monteiro, C MB, Mulhauser, F, Nez, F, Rabinowitz, P, dos Santos, J MF, Schaller, L A, Schwob, C, Taqqu, D, and Veloso, J FCA

Published
2005

42. Screening And Design Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-

Author

Becherer, J, primary, Conway, J, additional, Warner, J, additional, Bickett, D, additional, Leesnitzer, M, additional, Seaton, T, additional, Mitchell, J, additional, McConnell, R, additional, Tippin, T, additional, Whitesell, L, additional, Rizzolio, M, additional, Hedeen, K, additional, Beaudet, E, additional, Andersen, M, additional, Lambert, M, additional, Austin, R, additional, Stanford, J, additional, Bubacz, D, additional, Chan, J, additional, Schaller, L, additional, Gaul, M, additional, Cowan, D, additional, Boncek, V, additional, Rabinowitz, M, additional, Musso, D, additional, McDougald, D, additional, Kaldor, I, additional, Glennon, K, additional, Wiethe, R, additional, Guo, Y, additional, Andrews, R, additional, and Moss, M, additional

Published
2000
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48. Experiment to measure the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen*

Author

Pohl, R., Biraben, F., Conde, C. A.N., Donche-Gay, C., Hänsch, T. W., Hartmann, F. J., Hauser, P., Hughes, V. W., Huot, O., Indelicato, P., Knowles, P., Kottmann, F., Liu, Y. -W., Mulhauser, F., Nez, F., Petitjean, C., Rabinowitz, P., Dos Santos, J. M.F., Schaller, L. A., Schneuwly, H., Schott, W., Simons, L. M., Taqqu, D., Trehin, F., and Veloso, J. F.C.A.

Published
2000

49. The DEAR case

Author

Guaraldo, C., Bianco, S., Bragadireanu, A. M., Fabbri, F. L., Iliescu, M., Ito, T. M., Lucherini, V., Petrascu, C., Bregant, M., Milotti, E., Vacchi, A., Zavattini, E., Augsburger, M., Chatellard, D., Knowles, P., Mulhauser, F., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Egger, J.-P., Varidel, D., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Gartner, B., King, R., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Zmeskal, J., Ponta, T., Nakamura, S. N., Koike, T., Hayano, R. S., Hori, M., Ishikawa, T., Ishiwatari, T., Iwasaki, M., Akaishi, Y., Beer, G., Sanderson, A. C., and Seki, R.

Published
1999

50. Muon transfer from protium to helium isotopes at low temperature

Author

Tresch, S., Ackerbauer, P., Augsburger, M., Breunlich, W. H., Cargnelli, M., Chatellard, D., Egger, J.-P., von Egidy, T., Gartner, B., Hartmann, F. J., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Jeannet, E., King, R., Lauss, B., Marton, J., Mühlbauer, M., Mulhauser, F., Petitjean, C., Piller, C., Prymas, W., Schaller, L. A., Schellenberg, L., Schneuwly, H., Schott, W., Thalmann, Y.-A., Werthmüller, A., and Zmeskal, J.

Published
1999

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