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Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVES: Wearable alarm systems are frequently used tools added to urotherapy for children with both daytime and nighttime urinary incontinence. For functional daytime incontinence (DUI) specifically, the effect of alarm interventions has not been systematically reviewed. This study systematically evaluates, summarizes, reviews, and analyzes existing evidence about the effect of wearable alarm systems in urotherapy for children with functional DUI. STUDY DESIGN: We completed a comprehensive literature search in August 2022 using MEDLINE/PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, conference abstracts, and citation tracking. Clinical controlled trials at controlled-trials.com and clinicaltrials.gov were consulted, as was the National health Service Center For Reviews And Dissemination. Eligible studies including the use of noninvasive wearable alarm systems as (part of) treatment for functional DUI in children were included. The main outcome was continence after treatment. Three independent reviewers extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute quality assessment tools. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies out of 1,382 records were included. Meta-analysis revealed a nonsignificant risk ratio of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8-2.6) for the use of alarm systems. Urotherapy with alarm systems resulted in a 48% (95% CI: 33-62%) continence rate after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Alarm systems might be helpful as part of urotherapy for functional DUI in select cases. Adherence is problematic, and the optimal duration of the use of alarm systems is to be determined. Overall, the risk of bias was high in all studies.

01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, The purpose of this study was to compare long-term neurocognitive functioning (working memory, processing speed, and attention) between children who had been treated with either propranolol or atenolol for infantile hemangioma during infancy. All eligible children (n = 158) aged 6 years or older and treated with propranolol or atenolol as infants were invited to participate in this two-center cross-sectional study. The primary outcome was the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI), a measure of working memory, processing speed, and attention. Secondary outcomes were general intelligence, auditory, visuospatial, and narrative memory, as well as executive functioning and sleep. A total of 105 children, of whom 36 had been treated with propranolol (age 6.0-11.8 years, follow-up time 1.6-9.7 years, 19% male) and 69 had been treated with atenolol (age 6.9-9.7 years, follow-up time 4.5-8.4 years, 19% male), were analyzed. The CPI and other neurocognitive outcomes did not differ between the propranolol and atenolol groups and were in line with general population test norms. Post hoc analyses revealed lower CPI scores for males, both compared to participating females (10.3 IQ points, medium effect size) and compared to matched test norms (12.4 IQ points, medium effect size). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term neurocognitive functioning did not differ between children treated with propranolol and those treated with atenolol for IH. Overall, propranolol and atenolol appear to be safe treatments for IH regarding long-term neurocognitive functioning. The substantially lower CPI scores in males warrant further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, NL7703 https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7703 What is Known: • Infants with infantile hemangioma are effectively treated with propranolol or atenolol. • Parents and professionals are concerned about long-term neurocognitive effects. WHAT IS NEW: • No long-term (≥ 6 years) difference

01 juni 2023, Item does not contain fulltext

Contains fulltext : 296165.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Parents of infants treated with beta-blockers for infantile haemangioma are often concerned about the long-term aesthetic outcome. This cross-sectional study assessed the influence on the long-term aesthetic outcome of characteristics of the infantile haemangioma, the beta-blocker treatment, and the infant. The study included 103 children aged 6-12 years, treated with beta-blockers (propranolol or atenolol) for infantile haemangioma during infancy (age at treatment initiation ≤1 year) for ≥6 months. Dermatologists and parents scored the Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and the child scored a visual analogue scale. Dermatologists identified whether telangiectasia, fibrofatty tissue, and atrophic scar tissue were present. The long-term aesthetic outcome of infantile haemangioma was judged more negatively by dermatologists and parents in case of a superficial component, ulceration, older age at treatment initiation, higher cumulative dose, and/or shorter follow-up time. According to children, infantile haemangioma located on the head had better aesthetic outcome than infantile haemangioma located elsewhere. Close monitoring, particularly of infantile haemangioma with a superficial component, is essential for early initiation of treatment, and to prevent or treat ulceration. These outcome data can support parental counselling and guide treatment strategy.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as constitutional eczema, is a common inflammatory skin condition that causes itchy, red, and irritated skin. These symptoms associated with AD, such as itching, skin pain, sleep disturbances, and fatigue, can interfere with the mechanism behind executive functioning and the intelligence in children. Understanding the relationship between AD and intelligence is important for developing effective interventions and support for children with AD. This study explores the potential effects of AD on the intelligent profiles of children. To measure these relationships the WISC-III was administered to 55 children to measure their intelligence and analyze their intelligence profile. They were compared to a norm group based on the literature of the WISC-III. It was hypothesized that there will be peculiarities within the intelligence profile. The results show that no significant differences have been found in the total intelligence score and the processing speed. The results, however, did show a significant difference in score withing the verbal IQ and performal IQ. A significant higher verbal IQ score was obtained by the children with AD. Also 48.2% of the participants had a disharmonic intelligence profile. Preliminary findings suggest potential strengths and weaknesses withing the intelligence among children with AD, but further research is needed to establish more insight in executive functioning. Identifying cognitive peculiarities in children with AD can inform tailored treatments and interventions to optimize their treatment.

Contains fulltext : 253366.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 226907.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Aim: To explore parents' experiences of parenting a child hospitalised with congenital heart disease (CHD) and undergoing surgery. Methods: Five electronic databases were systematically searched for articles describing the experiences of parents with a child with a CHD. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify the most common themes. Results: A total of 188 articles were identified. Eight studies were included in the review. Four themes emerged, including balancing the parental role, experiencing anticipatory grief, decreasing parental stress using coping strategies, and professional support. Conclusion: Having a child with CHD undergoing heart surgery is a stressful experience due to, among other things, the different situation-related parenting role during the hospital stay and feelings of anticipatory grief. Health care professionals in the PICU have an essential role in supporting parents and understanding the needs that are crucial for the parents in order to provide better support and reduce stress and anxiety. More qualitative research regarding the pathway from the prenatal diagnosis through the early childhood period is warranted.

Doel: Het doel van dit onderzoek was om de relatie tussen receptieve taalvaardigheid en externaliserend probleemgedrag te onderzoeken. Hierbij is het geslacht meegenomen als modererende factor. Methode: Bij 36 eentalige Nederlandse kinderen zijn twee testen afgenomen. De receptieve taalvaardigheid is door middel van de receptieve woordenschat gemeten met de Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III-NL). Ouders hebben de Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ingevuld. Hiermee is het externaliserend probleemgedrag gemeten van de kinderen. Resultaten: In dit onderzoek is geen verband gevonden tussen de receptieve taalvaardigheid en externaliserend probleemgedrag. Geslacht is geen moderator binnen dit verband.

Although the theory suggests that maternal empathy is important for adolescent empathic development, the intergenerational transmission of maternal-to-adolescent empathy remains limited. This study examined the intergenerational transmission of empathy from mothers to adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and included maternal emotional support as a mediator. The participants in this study are part of the longitudinal research RADAR (Research on Adolescent Development And Relationships) in the Netherlands. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) measured the empathy of adolescents and their mothers, and the Networks of Relationships Inventory (NRI) measured the extent to which adolescents experience emotional support from their mothers. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis shows that the intergenerational transmission of empathy from mothers to their adolescent children is completely mediated by the emotional support that mothers provide. This suggests that mothers pass on their empathy to their adolescent children through their emotionally supportive parenting style. This finding can be explained by the fact that empathetic mothers model empathic behavior for their adolescent children, giving them the opportunity to develop empathic behavior. However, follow-up research will be needed to gather more evidence. For example on the difference between affective and cognitive component in empathy, but also the role of gender in the intergenerational transmission of empathy in both adolescents and their parents.

Social skills in childhood are predictors of academic achievement and the development of internalising problems. Children with language disabilities often have delays in social skills such as prosocial behaviour. To identify children at risk for developing problems in social skills, it is important to look into the factors that contribute to the development of this. In this study the associations between prosocial behaviour, receptive language abilities and negative affectivity were investigated. Furthermore, the possible effect of gender in the association between receptive language abilities and prosocial behaviour was researched. Results show that receptive language abilities were not related to prosocial behaviour in primary school-aged children. Besides that, negative affectivity did not contribute to this relationship. Lastly, there was no difference between boys and girls in the association between receptive language ability and prosocial behaviour. The findings of this study show the importance of randomised, longitudinal research on the associations between language abilities and social skills.

Background. Prematurity is a risk factor for long-term developmental problems. Several researchers have shown that children born premature are more like to develop an unsafe attachment relationship with their mother. The degree of prematurity could determine the attachment style. Aim. Current research studies the relationship between gestational age and the attachment relationship between mother and child in children born premature. Method. Participants were 71 infants born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation and <2500 g birth weight) and their mothers. The mother-child interaction was scored by observation (ELO, CIB) when the child was 14 months old. Results. After creating the new variable attachment through a factor analysis, the Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient did not indicate a significant relation between gestational age and attachment. Conclusion. These results indicate that premature children with a smaller gestational age are not significantly more likely to develop an unsafe attachment relationship than premature children with a higher gestational age. Follow-up research can focus on factors that mediate the relationship between gestational age and the attachment relationship, such as neurological health issues and reduced physical contact.

Bij kinderen met autisme (ASS) is functionele urine-incontinentie een veelvoorkomend verschijnsel. Circa 7-19% van de totale groep kinderen met ASS heeft te kampen met urine-incontinentie. Dit is significant meer ten opzichte van de groep kinderen zonder ASS (4 – 9 %). Uit onderzoek is gebleken dat kinderen met ASS moeilijkheden ervaren met het registreren en verwerken van prikkels. Hierdoor zou een verband kunnen bestaan tussen de mate van sensorische informatieverwerking (Short Sensory Profile) en mate van urine-incontinentie. Huidige studie heeft als doel het verband tussen de mate van sensorische informatieverwerking en de mate van urine-incontinentie nader te onderzoeken. Daarnaast wordt gekeken of ASS een modererende rol heeft voor deze samenhang. In totaal hebben 185 ouders van kinderen tussen de zes en twaalf jaar deelgenomen. Participanten zijn onderverdeeld in vier groepen: Groep één, bestaande uit kinderen (n = 74) zonder ASS-diagnose. Groep twee bestaande uit kinderen (n = 54) met enkel urine-incontinentie problematiek. Groep drie bestaande kinderen (n = 39) met enkel ASS. Groep vier bestaande uit kinderen (n = 18) met zowel ASS als urine-incontinentie problematiek. Resultaten bevestigen dat kinderen met en zonder ASS significante tekorten laten zien in de sensorische informatieverwerking. Ook bleek de diagnose ASS significant samen te hangen met urine-incontinentie. Er is echter geen sprake van een moderatie (ASS) effect voor het verband tussen mate van sensorische informatieverwerking en mate van urine-incontinentie.

Language occupies an important place in social, emotional and academic development. Young children who are lagging behind in their language development can later develop emotional and behavioral problems. Previous research on the relationship between language development and internalizing problem behavior has mainly been carried out among toddlers. This research focuses on the link between language development and internalizing problem behavior with a mediating role of self-control in children between the age of four and ten. The first two hypotheses stated that there is a negative link between lexical language development and internalizing problem behavior as well as between syntactic language development and internalizing problem behavior. The third and fourth hypotheses assumed that both relationships were mediated by self-control. The study was carried out with 38 mono-lingual Dutch speaking primary school children. Two tests were used: the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, to measure lexical language development and the Litmus Sentence Repetition Test to measure syntactic language development. The parents filled in two questionnaires: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure internalizing problem behavior and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire or the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire to measure self-control. The results showed that no significant relationship was found between lexical and syntactic language development and internalizing problem behavior. In addition, no significant result was found for the mediating role of self-control. It can therefore be concluded that there is no link between language development and internalizing problem behavior.

Prematuriteit heeft een grote impact op een gezin doordat prematuriteit vaak gepaard gaat met vele gezondheidsproblemen, voornamelijk in het eerste levensjaar. De onderzoeksvraag luidt: Heeft de mate van prematuriteit invloed op de sensitiviteit van moeders naar prematuren tussen de 7 en 14 maanden en veranderd de sensitiviteit over tijd? Participanten waren prematuren en hun moeders (N=70). De prematuren zijn onderverdeeld in drie groepen; extreem prematuur (n=11), ernstig prematuur (n=43) en matig prematuur (n=16). De prematuren hadden op de meetmomenten een gecorrigeerde leeftijd van 7, 10 en 14 maanden oud. Sensitiviteit is gemeten op het Sensitiviteitsoordeel van Ainsworth (1969). Aan de hand van een herhaalde metingen analyse in IBM SPSS Statistics (versie 26) zijn de onderzoeksvragen onderzocht. Er is geen hoofdeffect gevonden voor verschil in sensitiviteit bij de drie groepen van prematuriteit. Wel is er een hoofdeffect gevonden van tijd. Dit betekent dat er gemiddeld genomen op het laatste meetmoment een hogere sensitiviteit van moeders is gemeten dan op het eerste meetmoment. Er is geen interactie-effect gevonden. Een verklaring voor de toename van sensitiviteit over tijd kan te maken hebben met een afname van angst van moeders na het eerste levensjaar. Concluderend kan er gezegd worden dat de ontwikkeling van sensitiviteit van moeders toeneemt over tijd en dat dit niet afhankelijk is van extreem, ernstig of matig prematuren.

Achtergrond. Voor het ontwikkelen van de executieve functies bij kinderen speelt de sensitiviteit van de moeder een grote rol. Prematuren lopen een risico om belemmeringen te ervaren in hun cognitieve ontwikkeling, vanwege verminderd hersenvolume en de scheiding van hun moeder direct na de geboorte. Uit verschillende onderzoeken blijkt dat moeders van prematuren minder sensitieve reacties vertonen dan moeders van voldragen baby’s. Doel. Dit onderzoek zal meer informatie geven over de sensitiviteit van moeders en de ontwikkeling van de executieve functies bij prematuren in de vroege kindertijd. Methode. Bij 74 prematuren is tijdens drie meetmomenten (7, 10 en 14 maanden oud) het executief functioneren gemeten aan de hand van de A-not-B task. De mate van sensitiviteit is eenmalig gemeten aan de hand van een observatie, waarbij moeder en kind vrijspeelden. Deze observatie is gescoord door middel van de sensitiviteitsschaal van Ainsworth. Resultaten. Uit de herhaalde metingen ANOVA blijkt dat de executieve functies zich positief ontwikkelen over tijd. Moeders scoren gemiddeld op sensitiviteit. Sensitiviteit heeft geen significant effect op de ontwikkeling van de executieve functies. Er is geen sprake van een significant interactie-effect tussen executieve functies en sensitiviteit, hoewel er wel een medium effect waarneembaar is. Conclusie. De executieve functies ontwikkelen zich positief naarmate prematuren ouder worden. Sensitiviteit van de moeder en de natuurlijke groei van het kind over tijd zorgen ervoor dat de executieve functies zich positief ontwikkelen. Vanwege het gebruik van een kleine steekproef en het ontbreken van een controlegroep, zal vervolgonderzoek moeten uitwijzen hoeveel invloed de sensitiviteit van moeders heeft.

Background: Urinary incontinence problems are common with primary school children. Children with incontinence problems can develop many additional complaints, such as internalizing behavior problems (anxiety and depression). This study investigated a relationship between the degree of incontinence and internalizing behavioral problems in children. In addition, it was also investigated whether the relationship is different for boys and girls. Methods: 46 children between the ages of 6 and 13 with functional urinary incontinence participated in this study. All children have been diagnosed in the in the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital on the Urotherapy department. Parents filled in the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) subscale: ‘Anxiety/Depressed’ and ‘Withdrawn/Depressed’ during registration. In addition, parents completed a micturition anamnesis to chart the degree of incontinence. Results: The results showed that no correlation was found between the degree of incontinence and internalizing behavioral problems in primary school children. This study also suggested that no evidence has been found that gender difference moderates this relationship. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that no link has been found between the degree of incontinence and the severity of internalizing behaviour problems with the children in primary school and that no moderation effect of sex has been found on this link. Finally, longitudinal research is needed to gain more insight into the relationship between the degree of incontinence and internalizing and behavioral problems.

Taalvaardigheid heeft een positieve associatie met prosociaal gedrag. Een betere taalvaardigheid zorgt ervoor dat kinderen beter kunnen communiceren over gevoelens en behoeften, en kunnen ze hun eigen gedrag beter reguleren. In deze thesis wordt de relatie tussen twee aspecten van taalvaardigheid (syntactische taalvaardigheid en receptieve woordenschat) en prosociaal gedrag onderzocht bij kinderen in de leeftijd van vier tot tien jaar. Hierbij wordt onderzocht of zelfregulatie een mediator is binnen dit verband. De onderzoeksvraag luidt: “In hoeverre is er een relatie tussen taalvaardigheid (syntactische taalvaardigheid en receptieve woordenschat) en prosociaal gedrag, en in welke mate wordt dit verklaard door zelfregulatie?”. De verwachting was, gebaseerd op literatuur, dat er positieve associaties tussen de verbanden werden gevonden en dat zelfregulatie een mediator was binnen dit verband. De onderzoeksgroep bestond uit 36 eentalig Nederlandssprekende kinderen met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 85 maanden. Prosociaal gedrag en zelfregulatie zijn gemeten met een subschaal van een gedragsvragenlijst ingevuld door ouders. Syntactische taalvaardigheid is gemeten middels een zinsherhaaltest (Litmus-SR) bij de kinderen, receptieve woordenschat is gemeten middels de Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Uit de resultaten blijken geen significante verbanden tussen taalvaarvaardigheid en prosociaal gedrag, tevens blijkt zelfregulatie geen mediator te zijn in dit verband.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of gender on the development of externalising behaviour between the age of two and five in early premature children. In this study, the results of 81 premature children, born before 32 weeks of gestation, were analysed with a ‘Paired Samples t-test’ and a ‘regression analysis’. Results show that externalising behaviour decreases between de age of two and five. Externalising behaviour at the age of two appears to be a significant predictor for externalising behaviour at the age of five. There is no significantly difference in this predictor between boys and girls. From these findings, it could be concluded that externalising behaviour seems to decrease over time in early premature children. In accordance to the Dutch population, externalising behaviour at toddler age seems to be a predictor for later externalising behaviour, which means that this cohesion could be seen as universal. However, in contrast to the Dutch population, there seems to be no significantly differences between boys and girls in this finding. This is perhaps because premature boys with severe disabilities and a lager likelihood of externalising behaviour, are not include in the data. Therefore, in further research this group of boys has to be included.

De prevalentie van internaliserende problematiek bij extreem vroeggeboren kinderen blijkt hoog te zijn. Uit meerdere onderzoeken blijkt daarnaast dat de prevalentie bij meisjes hoger is in vergelijking met jongens. Een tijdige herkenning van deze problematiek en het tijdig ingrijpen blijken essentieel voor het verloop van de internaliserende problematiek. Naarmate een kind ouder wordt verergert deze problematiek. Op deze ontwikkeling is in dit onderzoek de aandacht gevestigd geweest. Er werd onderzocht hoe de internaliserende problematiek zich ontwikkeld bij extreem vroeggeboren kinderen tussen de twee en vijf jaar, waarbij nagegaan is of deze ontwikkeling verschilt voor jongens en meisjes. Om dit te onderzoeken is er gebruik gemaakt van de schaal Internaliserende Problematiek van de CBCL 1,5-5. Deze is door ouders van 66 extreem vroeggeboren kinderen (37 meisjes en 29 jongens) ingevuld. De gemiddelde zwangerschapsduur binnen de onderzoeksgroep was 26,6 weken. De resultaten tonen aan dat er geen sprake is van een significante toename van internaliserende problematiek tussen de twee en vijf jaar bij extreem vroeggeboren kinderen. Eveneens blijkt dat er geen verschil is in mate van internaliserende problematiek tussen jongens en meisjes op zowel twee- als vijfjarige leeftijd. Deze onderzoeksresultaten komen niet overeen met de opgestelde verwachtingen vanuit de literatuur. Enkele verklaringen voor de onderzoeksresultaten zijn aangedragen.

Doel: Angststoornissen bij kinderen hebben een invloed op het gezin, de schoolse ontwikkeling en het sociale functioneren. Op maatschappelijk niveau zorgen angststoornissen daarnaast voor hoge kosten in de gezondheidszorg. Voor de preventie en behandeling van angststoornissen is het van belang om op de hoogte te zijn van de risicofactoren die bijdragen aan angstig gedrag bij kinderen. Ouders blijken een belangrijke rol te spelen in de ontwikkeling van angst bij kinderen. In dit onderzoek is daarom gekeken naar de relatie tussen angst bij ouders en angst bij kinderen van 4 tot 7 jaar en de mediërende rol van een overbeschermende opvoeding hierin. Methode: De data is verzameld bij 286 ouders met een kind van 4 tot 7 jaar door middel van vragenlijsten (STAI, POM en PAS-R). De gegevens zijn geanalyseerd aan de hand van regressieanalyses en een mediatieanalyse. Resultaten: De resultaten tonen aan dat er significante positieve relaties bestaan tussen angst bij ouders en angst bij kinderen, angst bij ouders en overbeschermende opvoeding en overbeschermende opvoeding en angst bij kinderen. Ten slotte heeft een overbeschermende opvoeding geen significant effect op angst bij kinderen in aanwezigheid van angst bij ouders. Conclusie: Het huidige onderzoek toont aan dat een overbeschermende opvoeding niet dient als mediator in de relatie tussen angst bij ouders en kinderen. Vervolgonderzoek moet zich blijven verdiepen in de manier waarop angsten en het (opvoed)gedrag van ouders bijdragen aan de ontwikkeling van angst(stoornissen) bij kinderen, aan de hand van andere meetinstrumenten en steekproefsamenstellingen.

Objective: Internalizing problem behavior is a risk factor for the development of mental health problems at a later age. Since premature children often develop behavioral problems, it is necessary to investigate if prematurity is a risk factor for the development of internalizing problem behavior so that early intervention might be possible. Furthermore, post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) is a common problem for premature children. Since PHVD seems to be risk factor for the development of a variety of (behavioral)problems, it should also be investigated as a possible risk factor for the development of internalizing problem behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between gestational age and/or PHVD and the development of internalizing problem behavior at two and five years old. Methods: 81 premature children have been investigated through a purposive medical file investigation. Information about gestational age, scores on the CBCL 1.5-5 at two and five years old and whether or not PHVD had occurred, were used for this study. Results: The results show that there is no significant relationship between gestational age or PHVD on the development of internalizing problem behavior. Conclusion: Prematurity and PHVD don’t seem to be risk factors for the development of internalizing problem behavior at two and five years old. Because of the small sample size and other limitations of this study, the results should be interpreted carefully. This research concludes with recommendations for future research.

Behavioral inhibition in young children is a well-known and established scientific construct. It's relation to the development of anxiety disorders has been studied frequently. Less researched are specific environmental factors possibly influencing this relationship. One of these factors is parental overprotection, which is associated with child anxiety psychopathology. Because aiding parents in improving their childrearing-practices is accessible, the possible moderating influence of parental overprotection on this relationship was researched. In addition, the relationship between child behavioral inhibition and child anxiety symptoms was researched to bolster the robustness of this association. Data originated from a longitudinal study on child behavioral inhibition. Questionnaires assessing child behavioral inhibition, child anxiety symptoms and parental overprotection were administered when children were respectively 3, 4 and 5 years of age on average. A multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that child behavioral inhibition predicted child anxiety symptoms. Parental overprotection did not moderate this relationship. Concluding, this study indicates that parental overprotection exerts no significant influence on the development of anxiety symptoms in behaviorally inhibited children, while providing further support for the relationship between child behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms. The outcomes are regarded in light of this study's characteristics and the context of other studies regarding the relationship between child behavioral inhibition, parental overprotection and child anxiety symptoms. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are evaluated, while other possible influences on this relationship are reviewed and recommendations for future research are given.

Doel: Onderzoeken van de responsiviteit van verschillende meetinstrumenten die beogen distress en pijn te meten van kinderen en ouders voor en na een medische ingreep in het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis. Methode: Bij 42 kinderen (28 jongens/14 meisjes) in de leeftijd van 0 tot en met 8 jaar (M = 3.50, SD = 2.80) en hun ouders zijn zowel voor als na de medische ingreep verschillende meetinstrumenten afgenomen, namelijk de VAS, ZBV-K, COMFORT, OZBVK en ZBV. Resultaten: De VAS-angst-K, VAS-angst-K-M, VAS-angst-M, ZBV-M en ZBV-V zijn responsief gebleken. Tot slot bleek dat verschillende meetinstrumenten veelal met elkaar samenhingen. Conclusie: Op basis van responsiviteit, samenhang en hanteerbaarheid wordt geadviseerd om de VAS-angst-K te gebruiken voor het meten van distress bij kinderen, waarbij ter aanvulling bij voorkeur de OZBVK-M en anders de OZBVK-V gebruikt kunnen worden. Voor het meten van pijn bij kinderen wordt geadviseerd de VAS-pijn-K te gebruiken, met als aanvulling de VAS-pijn-K-M. Tot slot worden de ZBV-M en de ZBV-V geadviseerd voor het meten van distress van vader en moeder.