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Global food animal production systems are experiencing rapid transformation, driven by expanding demand for animal source nutrition. Aquaculture is amongst the fastest growing food animal sectors globally and generates half of all aquatic animals for human consumption. As part of this global expansion, antimicrobials are used to treat and control disease in aquatic food animal production, exerting selective pressures driving antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance—the capacity of microbes to withstand antimicrobial therapy—represents an urgent and growing threat to human and animal health, sustainable development, and the long-term viability of food production industries. Yet trends in antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in aquatic food animals are seldom documented, despite their potential to inform global action.This work pursues three primary objectives. First, to generate quantitative estimates of antimicrobial use in the global aquaculture industry. Second, to synthesize current evidence on antimicrobial resistance from aquatic food animals over two decades in Asia – the world’s most productive aquaculture and fisheries region. And third, to examine dispersal pathways for antimicrobial resistant pathogens and their resistance determinants.In Chapter 2, species-specific antimicrobial use coefficients from point prevalence surveys are combined with aquaculture production volumes to model global aquaculture antimicrobial use, pointing to a projected 33% increase between 2017 and 2030 with Asia contributing the largest share of use. In Chapter 3, a dataset of antimicrobial resistance rates is generated and used to map resistance at 10 km resolution in freshwater and marine systems, revealing resistance hotspots corresponding to areas experiencing rapid aquaculture and fisheries growth and identifying priority freshwater locations for future surveillance effort. Elevated multi-drug resistance is found in cultured aquatic animals intended for hu, Les systèmes mondiaux de production d'animaux destinés à l'alimentation connaissent une transformation rapide, motivée par la demande croissante de nutrition d'origine animale. L'aquaculture est l'un des secteurs des animaux destinés à l’alimentation qui connaît la croissance la plus rapide au niveau mondial; ce secteur génère la moitié des animaux aquatiques destinés à la consommation humaine. Dans le cadre de cette expansion mondiale, des antimicrobiens sont utilisés pour traiter et contrôler les maladies dans la production d'animaux aquatiques destinés à l'alimentation, ce qui exerce des pressions sélectives favorisant la résistance aux antimicrobiens. La résistance aux antimicrobiens, c'est-à-dire la capacité des microbes à résister aux traitements antimicrobiens, représente une menace urgente et croissante pour la santé humaine et animale, le développement durable et la viabilité à long terme des industries de production alimentaire. Pourtant, les tendances en matière d'utilisation d'antimicrobiens et de résistance aux antimicrobiens chez les animaux aquatiques destinés à l'alimentation sont rarement documentées, malgré leur potentiel à éclairer l'action mondiale.Ce travail poursuit trois objectifs principaux. Tout d’abord, générer des estimations quantitatives de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l'industrie aquacole mondiale. Deuxièmement, synthétiser les données actuelles sur l'antibiorésistance des animaux aquatiques destinés à l'alimentation sur deux décennies en Asie, la région la plus productive au monde en matière d'aquaculture et de pêche. Et troisièmement, examiner les voies de dispersion des pathogènes résistants aux antimicrobiens et leurs déterminants de résistance.Dans le chapitre 2, les coefficients d'utilisation d'antimicrobiens spécifiques aux espèces, issus d'enquêtes de prévalence ponctuelle, sont combinés aux volumes de production aquacole afin de modéliser l'utilisation mondiale des antimicrobiens en aquaculture. Il en ressort une augme, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Among the chief limitations in achieving early detection and control of animal-origin influenza of pandemic potential in high-risk livestock populations is the existing lag time between sample collection and diagnostic result. Advances in molecular diagnostics are permitting deployment of affordable, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific point-of-capture assays, providing opportunities for targeted surveillance driving containment strategies with potentially compelling returns on investment. Interrupting disease transmission at source holds promise of disrupting cycles of animal-origin influenza incursion to endemicity and limiting impact on animal production, food security, and public health. Adoption of new point-of-capture diagnostics should be undertaken in the context of promoting robust veterinary services systems and parallel support for operationalizing pre-authorized plans and communication strategies that will ensure that the full potential of these new platforms is realized., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) has been established to support innovation and to provide the information required to select the most appropriate tools for studying and monitoring coastal and ocean environments. ACT is a consortium of nationally prominent ocean science and technology institutions and experts who provide credible performance data of these technologies through third-party, objective testing. ACT technology verifications include laboratory and field tests over short- and long-term deployments of commercial technologies in diverse environments to provide unequivocal, unbiased confirmation that technologies meet key performance requirements. ACT demonstrations of new technologies validate the technology concept and help eliminate performance problems before operational introduction. ACT’s most recent demonstration of pCO2 sensors is an example of how ACT advances the evolution of ocean observing technologies, in this case to address the critical issue of ocean acidification, and promotes more informed decision making on technology capabilities and choices.