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8 results on '"Scheifele, Michael"'

1. N-Ausnutzung, Nitratauswaschung und Treibhausgasemissionen beim Einsatz von Gärresten im ökologischen Landbau – Teil I

Author

Mayer, Jochen, Scheifele, Michael, Efosa, Nora, Bünemann, Else, Mayer, Jochen, Scheifele, Michael, Efosa, Nora, and Bünemann, Else

Abstract

Die Ergebnisse eines dreijährigen Feldversuchs in der Schweiz zeigen, dass anaerobe Vergärung die N-Ausnutzung im Ökologischen Landbau verbessern kann, sofern die NH3-Verluste nach der Ausbringung verringert werden können. Pflanzenkohlezugabe hatte keinen Einfluss auf die N-Ausnutzung und Verluste.

Published
2023

2. Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nitratauswaschung im Ackerbau und zur Stickstoffausnutzung & Umweltwirkung von Recyclingdüngern

Author

Bünemann, Else, Frick, Hanna, Wey, Hannah, Hunkeler, Daniel, Bischoff, Wolf, Schwarz, Andreas, Norah, Efosa, Mayer, Jochen, Scheifele, Michael, Bünemann, Else, Frick, Hanna, Wey, Hannah, Hunkeler, Daniel, Bischoff, Wolf, Schwarz, Andreas, Norah, Efosa, Mayer, Jochen, and Scheifele, Michael

Abstract

Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nitratauswaschung im Ackerbau

Published
2023

3. Solar disinfection (SODIS) and subsequent dark storage of Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri monitored by flow cytometry

Author

Bosshard, Franziska, Berney, Michael, Scheifele, Michael, Weilenmann, Hans-Ulrich, and Egli, Thomas

Subjects
Disinfection and disinfectants -- Methods, Infection control -- Methods, Salmonella typhimurium -- Physiological aspects, Salmonella typhimurium -- Control, Salmonella typhimurium -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Pathogenic enteric bacteria are a major cause of drinking water related morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is an effective means to fight this problem. In the present study, SODIS of two important enteric pathogens, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium, was investigated with a variety of viability indicators including cellular ATP levels, efflux pump activity, glucose uptake ability, and polarization and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. The respiratory chain of enteric bacteria was identified to be a likely target of sunlight and UVA irradiation. Furthermore, during dark storage after irradiation, the physiological state of the bacterial cells continued to deteriorate even in the absence of irradiation: apparently the cells were unable to repair damage. This strongly suggests that for S. typhimurium and Sh. flexneri, a relatively small light dose is enough to irreversibly damage the cells and that storage of bottles after irradiation does not allow regrowth of inactivated bacterial cells. In addition, we show that light dose reciprocity is an important issue when using simulated sunlight. At high irradiation intensities (>700 W [m.sup.-2]) light dose reciprocity failed and resulted in an overestimation of the effect, whereas reciprocity applied well around natural sunlight intensity (

Published
2009

4. Impact of pyrochar and hydrochar on soybean (Glycine max L.) root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation

Author

Scheifele, Michael, Hobi, Andrea, Buegger, Franz, Gattinger, Andreas, Schulin, Rainer, Boller, Thomas, Mäder, Paul, Scheifele, Michael, Hobi, Andrea, Buegger, Franz, Gattinger, Andreas, Schulin, Rainer, Boller, Thomas, and Mäder, Paul

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify effects of carbonized organic material (‘‘biochar’’) on soybean growth, root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation, and to elucidate possible underlyingmechanisms.Soybean (Glycine max L.) was grown in four arable soils amended with carbonized organic material produced from wood or maize as feedstocks, by pyrolysis (‘‘pyrochar’’) or hydrothermal carbonization (‘‘hydrochar’’). Nodulation by Bradyrhizobium, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) assessed by15N techniques, plant growth, nutrient uptake and changes in chemical soil propertiesafter soil amendment were determined. Data were analyzed by means of a three way ANOVA onthe factors soil, carbonization technique and feedstock. It turned out that soybean root nodulationand BNF was influenced by the carbonization technique used to prepare the soil amendment.Hydrochar, in average and across all soils, increased nodule dry matter and BNF by factors of3.4 and 2.3, respectively, considerably more than pyrochar, which led to 1.8 and 1.2 fold increases, respectively. Nodule dry matter and BNF correlated positively with available soil sulfurand negatively with available soil nitrogen. Hydrochars provided more available sulfur than pyrochars, and hydrochars caused a decrease in nitrogen availability in the soil solution, thereby exerting a positive influence on nodulation and BNF. Pyrochar amendment increased soil pH buthad no effect on nodulation and BNF. Plant growth was affected by the soil and by the feedstockused for the ‘‘biochar’’, and increased slightly more in treatments with pyrochar and hydrocharmade from maize, which was richer in nitrogen and potassium.The results show that carbonized organic materials, and specifically hydrochar, have the capacity to increase BNF in soils. We suggest that this enhancement in BNF in response to soilamendments with carbonized organic materials is due to an increase in available sulfur and a reduction of available soil nitrogen.

Published
2017

6. Biochar decomposition in agricultural soils of temperate climate

Author

Scheifele, Michael, Buegger, Franz, Fliessbach, Andreas, Mäder, Paul, Schulin, Rainer, and Gattinger, Andreas

Subjects
Soil, Air and water emissions
Abstract

Results › Carbon mineralization rates were highest in maize straw and lowest in pyrochar amended soil. › Pyrochar showed even lower CO2 fluxes than non-amended soil. › Initial mineralization rates of maize straw and hydrochar were higher in soil M, whereas in Soil D the pyrochar was decomposed slightly faster. › Hydrochar derived carbon was readily incorporated in the microbial biomass of both soils, pyrochar resisted nearly completely. › Comparison of carbon pools CO2 , Cmic and Corg at day 12 and day 205 shows that a stabilsation of maize feedstock of more than a double could be achieved with HTC and far beyond that scale with pyrolysis.

Published
2013

7. Wie verhält sich Pflanzenkohle in Ackerböden?

Author

Scheifele, Michael and Gattinger, Andreas

Subjects
Soil
Abstract

Pflanzenkohle ist einer der Hauptbestandteile der Terra preta do indio, der Schwarzerde Amazoniens. Die Tatsache, dass diese Schwarzerde, höchstwahrscheinlich menschlichen Ursprungs, auch nach jahrhundertelanger Witterung im Regenwaldklima noch immer sehr fruchtbar ist, erstaunt. Die Ursachen, die zu dieser langanhaltenden Fruchtbarkeit führen, werden hauptsächlich der physikalischen und chemischen Beeinflussung des Bodens durch die Pflanzenkohle und deren Beständigkeit zugeschrieben.

Published
2012

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