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Objectives: Metastatic disease is generally considered incurable. The aim of therapy is therefore usually disease control, prolongation of life and palliation of symptoms. The definition of "oligometastases" was first described in 1995 by Hellman and Weichselbaum as metastases limited in the [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Fragestellung: Wenn Patient*innen dazu bewegt werden Ambulanzen oder Ordinationen aufzusuchen, so erfolgt dies meist nicht als Reaktion auf Symptome, sondern aufgrund von begleitenden emotionalen Empfindungen. Der Beweggrund kann dabei unterschiedlich sein. Oft herrschen Unsicherheiten über [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

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Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumour with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We undertook a focused compound screen (FCS) against 1097 compounds on three well-characterized chordoma cell lines; 154 compounds were selected from the single concentration screen (1 µm), based on their growth-inhibitory effect. Their half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values were determined in chordoma cells and normal fibroblasts. Twenty-seven of these compounds displayed chordoma selective cell kill and 21/27 (78%) were found to be EGFR/ERBB family inhibitors. EGFR inhibitors in clinical development were then studied on an extended cell line panel of seven chordoma cell lines, four of which were sensitive to EGFR inhibition. Sapitinib (AstraZeneca) emerged as the lead compound, followed by gefitinib (AstraZeneca) and erlotinib (Roche/Genentech). The compounds were shown to induce apoptosis in the sensitive cell lines and suppressed phospho-EGFR and its downstream pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of substituent patterns suggested that EGFR-inhibitors with small aniline substituents in the 4-position of the quinazoline ring were more effective than inhibitors with large substituents in that position. Sapitinib showed significantly reduced tumour growth in two xenograft mouse models (U-CH1 xenograft and a patient-derived xenograft, SF8894). One of the resistant cell lines (U-CH2) was shown to express high levels of phospho-MET, a known bypass signalling pathway to EGFR. Neither amplifications (EGFR, ERBB2, MET) nor mutations in EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, PIK3CA, BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, PTEN, MET or other cancer gene hotspots were detected in the cell lines. Our findings are consistent with the reported (p-)EGFR expression in the majority of clinical samples, and provide evidence for exploring the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of patients with chordoma and studying possible resistance mechanisms to these compounds in vitro and in vivo. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Background: Elastofibroma dorsi is a benign soft tissue lesion composed of abnormal elastic fibers. Degenerated elastic fibers in skin and liver are associated with clusterin, an apoprotein that shares functional properties with small heat shock proteins. We evaluated the staining pattern and possible role of clusterin in elastofibroma dorsi. Material and methods: Twenty-one subcutaneous elastofibromas from the scapular region were evaluated with Elastica van Gieson and Orcein stains, immunohistochemically with antibodies to clusterin, smooth muscle actin, S-100, vimentin and CD34 and correlated with clinical data with respect to physical trauma. Results: Clusterin correlated with the staining pattern of Elastica van Gieson and labelled abnormal broad coarse fibrillar and globular elastic fibers in all elastofibromas. Orcein stains additionally identified fine oxytalan fibers which were not stained by clusterin. Clusterin staining was observed only on the outside of the elastin fibers, while the cores of fibers and globules were unstained. 4/21 elastofibromas showed cellular nodules with a myxoid/ collagenous stroma. The round to oval cells showed cytoplasmic staining with vimentin and clusterin; CD34 labelled mostly cell membranes. The cells lacked SMA and S-100 expression. The central areas of the nodules were devoid of elastic fibers, but the periphery contained coarse fibers and globules. 9/11 patients, for whom clinical data were available, reported trauma to the scapular region. Conclusion: Many investigated ED were associated with trauma, which supports a reactive/ degenerative etiology of ED. The abnormal large elastic fibers in all ED were enveloped by clusterin. Clusterin deposition may protect elastic fibers from degradation and thus contribute indirectly to the tumor-like presentation of ED.

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 15. Grazer Konferenz – Qualität der Lehre: Teaching and Learning – expanding our resources

Fragestellung: Wir untersuchten die Häufigkeit von Protonenpumpeninhibitor-Einnahmen unter Medizinstudierenden, um einen objektiven Parameter für den Grad der individuellen körperlichen und psychischen Belastung im Rahmen des Medizinstudiums zu erhalten. Methoden: Mithilfe eines el[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

Fragestellung: Aufgrund der starken Ausdifferenzierung des Curriculums im Medizinstudium werden Kenntnisse über medizinisches Grundwissen – wie den Bewegungsapparat – hauptsächlich im vorklinischen Abschnitt gelehrt. Zum Zeitpunkt der „klinischen“ Anwendung des [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)