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2. A Literature Review on Schema Evolution in Databases

Author

Zouhaier Brahmia, Fabio Grandi, and Barbara Oliboni

Subjects
Database schema, schema change, schema change semantics, schema change propagation, schema evolution, database evolution, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Changing a database schema is a fact of life in information systems, as a response to changes inside the enterprise (e.g., new users’ requirements, correction of errors in the current database schema) or outside it (e.g., new regulations, new partners’ requirements). In the database research field, a well-known technique has been proposed for managing schema changes, called schema evolution. It allows the database to survive schema changes by adapting existing data to conform to the new schema. A lot of research efforts addressed the topic of schema evolution, in both conventional (i.e., relational) and advanced (e.g., XML, stream, NoSQL) databases, providing a plethora of heterogeneous approaches and solutions making up a quite large literature. Since there is no research work that extensively deals with different proposals and compares them, the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by reviewing the available schema evolution literature. For that, first we collected and summarized the contributions of research papers dealing with database schema evolution. Then we organized their presentation in a chronological order, also giving a historical perspective on the topic development. Finally, we defined a list of six comparison criteria (database model, implementation, schema change semantics, schema change propagation, integrity constraints, and software evolution) that have helped us to categorize and compare the different database schema evolution proposals. In sum, our paper (i) provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research approaches on database schema evolution, with tables that compare such approaches based on some proposed criteria, (ii) studies the support of schema evolution in commercial DataBase Management Systems (DBMSs), and (iii) points out some possible future research directions in this area.

Published
2024
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3. Incremental Schema Generation for Large and Evolving RDF Sources

Author

Bouhamoum, Redouane, Kedad, Zoubida, Lopes, Stéphane, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Hameurlain, Abdelkader, editor, Tjoa, A Min, editor, Pacitti, Esther, editor, and Miklos, Zoltan, editor

Published
2022
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4. EvoBench: Benchmarking Schema Evolution in NoSQL

Author

Conrad, André, Möller, Mark Lukas, Kreiter, Tobias, Mair, Jan-Christopher, Klettke, Meike, Störl, Uta, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Nambiar, Raghunath, editor, and Poess, Meikel, editor

Published
2022
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5. Time in Data Models

Author

Eder, Johann, Franceschetti, Marco, Lubas, Josef, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Dang, Tran Khanh, editor, Küng, Josef, editor, Chung, Tai M., editor, and Takizawa, Makoto, editor

Published
2021
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6. Remaining in Control of the Impact of Schema Evolution in NoSQL Databases

Author

Hillenbrand, Andrea, Scherzinger, Stefanie, Störl, Uta, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Ghose, Aditya, editor, Horkoff, Jennifer, editor, Silva Souza, Vítor E., editor, Parsons, Jeffrey, editor, and Evermann, Joerg, editor

Published
2021
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7. Towards a Taxonomy of Schema Changes for NoSQL Databases: The Orion Language

Author

Chillón, Alberto Hernández, Ruiz, Diego Sevilla, Molina, Jesús García, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Ghose, Aditya, editor, Horkoff, Jennifer, editor, Silva Souza, Vítor E., editor, Parsons, Jeffrey, editor, and Evermann, Joerg, editor

Published
2021
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8. PolyMigrate: Dynamic Schema Evolution and Data Migration in a Distributed Polystore

Author

Stiemer, Alexander, Vogt, Marco, Schuldt, Heiko, Störl, Uta, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gadepally, Vijay, editor, Mattson, Timothy, editor, Stonebraker, Michael, editor, Kraska, Tim, editor, Wang, Fusheng, editor, Luo, Gang, editor, Kong, Jun, editor, and Dubovitskaya, Alevtina, editor

Published
2021
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9. Integration of Fast-Evolving Data Sources Using a Deep Learning Approach

Author

Wang, Zijie, Zhou, Lixi, Zou, Jia, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Qin, Lu, editor, Zhang, Wenjie, editor, Zhang, Ying, editor, Peng, You, editor, Kato, Hiroyuki, editor, Wang, Wei, editor, and Xiao, Chuan, editor

Published
2020
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11. A Generic Approach to Schema Evolution in Live Relational Databases

Author

de Bhróithe, Anna O’Faoláin, Heiden, Fritz, Schemmert, Alena, Phan, Dschialin, Hung, Lillian, Freiheit, Jörn, Fuchs-Kittowski, Frank, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Borzemski, Leszek, editor, Świątek, Jerzy, editor, and Wilimowska, Zofia, editor

Published
2020
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12. Replicability and Reproducibility of a Schema Evolution Study in Embedded Databases

Author

Braininger, Dimitri, Mauerer, Wolfgang, Scherzinger, Stefanie, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Grossmann, Georg, editor, and Ram, Sudha, editor

Published
2020
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13. A Study on the Effect of a Table’s Involvement in Foreign Keys to its Schema Evolution

Author

Dimolikas, Konstantinos, Zarras, Apostolos V., Vassiliadis, Panos, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Dobbie, Gillian, editor, Frank, Ulrich, editor, Kappel, Gerti, editor, Liddle, Stephen W., editor, and Mayr, Heinrich C., editor

Published
2020
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14. An Empirical Study on the Design and Evolution of NoSQL Database Schemas

Author

Scherzinger, Stefanie, Sidortschuck, Sebastian, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Dobbie, Gillian, editor, Frank, Ulrich, editor, Kappel, Gerti, editor, Liddle, Stephen W., editor, and Mayr, Heinrich C., editor

Published
2020
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15. Self-adapting data migration in the context of schema evolution in NoSQL databases.

Author

Hillenbrand, Andrea, Störl, Uta, Nabiyev, Shamil, and Klettke, Meike

Subjects
NONRELATIONAL databases, DATABASES, AGILE software development, SERVICE level agreements, MASS migrations, COMPUTER software development
Abstract

When NoSQL database systems are used in an agile software development setting, data model changes occur frequently and thus, data is routinely stored in different versions. The management of versioned data leads to an overhead potentially impeding the software development. Several data migration strategies exist that handle legacy data differently during data accesses, each of which can be characterized by certain advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the requirements for the software application, we evaluate and compare different migration strategies through metrics like migration costs and latency as well as precision and recall. Ideally, exactly that strategy should be selected whose characteristics fulfill service-level agreements and match the migration scenario, which depends on the query workload and the changes in the data model which imply an evolution of the database schema. In this paper, we present a methodology of self-adapting data migration, which automatically adjusts migration strategies and their parameters with respect to the migration scenario and service-level agreements, thereby contributing to the self-management of database systems and supporting agile development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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17. Combining Provenance Management and Schema Evolution

Author

Auge, Tanja, Heuer, Andreas, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Belhajjame, Khalid, editor, Gehani, Ashish, editor, and Alper, Pinar, editor

Published
2018
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18. Dependency-Based Query/View Synchronization upon Schema Evolutions

Author

Caruccio, Loredana, Polese, Giuseppe, Tortora, Genoveffa, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Woo, Carson, editor, Lu, Jiaheng, editor, Li, Zhanhuai, editor, Ling, Tok Wang, editor, Li, Guoliang, editor, and Lee, Mong Li, editor

Published
2018
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19. CHiSEL: a user-oriented framework for simplifing database evolution.

Author

Schuler, Robert and Kesselman, Carl

Subjects
DATABASES, MATHEMATICAL optimization, EVALUATION methodology, METADATA, PLANNING techniques
Abstract

In order to conduct research effectively, scientists must be able to access, organize, describe, and produce data as part of their daily research activities. While relational databases are well suited to the tasks of describing and organizing scientific metadata and results, the difficulties of using relational database management systems effectively, have resulted in their limited adoption among scientists. In addition, scientific research is changing steadily with new experimental protocols, instruments, and discoveries that determine what data are generated and how they must be described and organized according to a relational schema. Unfortunately, evolving a schema is one of the most difficult aspects of database usage. The conventional data definition and manipulation languages offer relatively low-level programming abstractions to perform complex database evolution tasks, and therefore require specialized technical skills not possessed by most scientists. A simplified means of expressing database evolution operations would reduce the effort for non-expert users of databases. This paper presents a high-level, user-oriented, schema evolution framework built on a formal algebra of schema modification operators. The approach allows introduction of novel operators as motivated by new requirements and is amenable to well established optimization techniques for efficient planning and execution. We also propose a rigorous evaluation methodology for comparing the user effort of database evolution languages, and we introduce a benchmark for evaluating the execution efficiency of schema evolution expressions. We present the framework and its implementation, and we demonstrate its utility in exemplar use cases and a performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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20. Schema Evolution and Foreign Keys: Birth, Eviction, Change and Absence

Author

Vassiliadis, Panos, Kolozoff, Michail-Romanos, Zerva, Maria, Zarras, Apostolos V., Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Mayr, Heinrich C., editor, Guizzardi, Giancarlo, editor, Ma, Hui, editor, and Pastor, Oscar, editor

Published
2017
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21. Taming Size and Cardinality of OLAP Data Cubes over Big Data

Author

Cuzzocrea, Alfredo, Moussa, Rim, Laabidi, Achref, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Calì, Andrea, editor, Wood, Peter, editor, Martin, Nigel, editor, and Poulovassilis, Alexandra, editor

Published
2017
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22. Survival in Schema Evolution: Putting the Lives of Survivor and Dead Tables in Counterpoint

Author

Vassiliadis, Panos, Zarras, Apostolos V., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Dubois, Eric, editor, and Pohl, Klaus, editor

Published
2017
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23. Schema Evolution

Author

Roddick, John F., Snodgrass, Richard T., Section Editor, Jensen, Christian S., Section Editor, Liu, Ling, editor, and Özsu, M. Tamer, editor

Published
2018
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24. SemLinker: automating big data integration for casual users

Author

Hassan Alrehamy and Coral Walker

Subjects
Data integration, Big data, Data lake, Modeling, Schema evolution, Schema mapping, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Abstract A data integration approach combines data from different sources and builds a unified view for the users. Big data integration inherently is a complex task, and the existing approaches are either potentially limited or invariably rely on manual inputs and interposition from experts or skilled users. SemLinker, an ontology-based data integration system, is part of a metadata management framework for personal data lake (PDL), a personal store-everything architecture. PDL is for casual and unskilled users, therefore SemLinker adopts an automated data integration workflow to minimize manual input requirements. To support the flat architecture of a lake, SemLinker builds and maintains a schema metadata level without involving any physical transformation of data during integration, preserving the data in their native formats while, at the same time, allowing them to be queried and analyzed. Scalability, heterogeneity, and schema evolution are big data integration challenges that are addressed by SemLinker. Large and real-world datasets of substantial heterogeneities are used in evaluating SemLinker. The results demonstrate and confirm the integration efficiency and robustness of SemLinker, especially regarding its capability in the automatic handling of data heterogeneities and schema evolutions.

Published
2018
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25. Reflective Constraint Writing : A Symbolic Viewpoint of Modeling Languages

Author

Draheim, Dirk, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Hameurlain, Abdelkader, editor, Küng, Josef, editor, Wagner, Roland, editor, Decker, Hendrik, editor, Lhotska, Lenka, editor, and Link, Sebastian, editor

Published
2016
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26. Evolutionary Database Design: Enhancing Data Abstraction Through Database Modularization to Achieve Graceful Schema Evolution

Author

Guedes, Gustavo Bartz, Baioco, Gisele Busichia, de Oliveira Moraes, Regina Lúcia, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Hartmann, Sven, editor, and Ma, Hui, editor

Published
2016
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29. Data Warehouse Schema Evolution Perspectives

Author

Subotić, Danijela, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Bassiliades, Nick, editor, Ivanovic, Mirjana, editor, Kon-Popovska, Margita, editor, Manolopoulos, Yannis, editor, Palpanas, Themis, editor, Trajcevski, Goce, editor, and Vakali, Athena, editor

Published
2015
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30. How is Life for a Table in an Evolving Relational Schema? Birth, Death and Everything in Between

Author

Vassiliadis, Panos, Zarras, Apostolos V., Skoulis, Ioannis, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Johannesson, Paul, editor, Lee, Mong Li, editor, Liddle, Stephen W., editor, Opdahl, Andreas L., editor, and Pastor López, Óscar, editor

Published
2015
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32. Open-Source Databases: Within, Outside, or Beyond Lehman’s Laws of Software Evolution?

Author

Skoulis, Ioannis, Vassiliadis, Panos, Zarras, Apostolos, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Kobsa, Alfred, editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Jarke, Matthias, editor, Mylopoulos, John, editor, Quix, Christoph, editor, Rolland, Colette, editor, Manolopoulos, Yannis, editor, Mouratidis, Haralambos, editor, and Horkoff, Jennifer, editor

Published
2014
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33. Towards a Form Based Dynamic Database Schema Creation and Modification System

Author

Malhotra, Kunal, Medhekar, Shibani, Navathe, Shamkant B., Laborde, M. D. David, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Kobsa, Alfred, editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Jarke, Matthias, editor, Mylopoulos, John, editor, Quix, Christoph, editor, Rolland, Colette, editor, Manolopoulos, Yannis, editor, Mouratidis, Haralambos, editor, and Horkoff, Jennifer, editor

Published
2014
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34. Schema evolution and foreign keys: a study on usage, heartbeat of change and relationship of foreign keys to table activity.

Author

Vassiliadis, Panos, Kolozoff, Michail-Romanos, Zerva, Maria, and Zarras, Apostolos V.

Subjects
*FOREIGN study, *RELATIONAL databases, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *DEAD
Abstract

In this paper, we study the evolution of foreign keys in the context of schema evolution for relational databases. Specifically, we study the schema histories of a six free, open-source databases that contain foreign keys. Our findings verify previous results that schemata grow in the long run in terms of tables. To our surprise, we discovered that foreign keys appear to be fairly scarce in the projects that we have studied and they do not necessarily grow in sync with table growth. In fact, we have observed different "cultures" for the handling of foreign keys, ranging from treating foreign keys as an indispensable part of the schema, in full sync with the growth of tables, to the unexpected extreme of treating foreign keys as an optional add-on that twice resulted in their full removal from the schema of the database. Apart from the behavior of entire schemata, we have also studied the behavior of individual tables. We model the schema of any version of the history as a graph, with tables being nodes and foreign keys being edges. The union of these graphs is called the diachronic graph of the schema and contains all the tables and foreign keys that ever appeared in the schema history. The study of the total degree of tables at the diachronic graph, reveals several patterns. The population of tables with total degree in the range of [0–2] includes almost all the tables that were eventually removed from the schema, as well as the vast majority of survivor tables. These low-degree tables (especially the dead ones) tend to be mostly with zero or very few internal updates in their entire history. At the same time, the few tables with degree higher than 2 are typically born very early in the life of the schema, overwhelmingly survivors, and, unusually active, typically undergoing medium or high update activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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36. Optimising Schema Evolution Operation Sequences in Object Databases for Data Evolution

Author

Zäschke, Tilmann, Leone, Stefania, Norrie, Moira C., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Atzeni, Paolo, editor, Cheung, David, editor, and Ram, Sudha, editor

Published
2012
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37. Supporting Database Provenance under Schema Evolution

Author

Gao, Shi, Zaniolo, Carlo, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Castano, Silvana, editor, Vassiliadis, Panos, editor, Lakshmanan, Laks V., editor, and Lee, Mong Li, editor

Published
2012
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38. A Transparent Approach for Database Schema Evolution Using View Mechanism

Author

Xue, Jianxin, Shen, Derong, Nie, Tiezheng, Kou, Yue, Yu, Ge, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Gao, Hong, editor, Lim, Lipyeow, editor, Wang, Wei, editor, Li, Chuan, editor, and Chen, Lei, editor

Published
2012
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39. A Flexible Graph-Based Data Model Supporting Incremental Schema Design and Evolution

Author

Braunschweig, Katrin, Thiele, Maik, Lehner, Wolfgang, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Harth, Andreas, editor, and Koch, Nora, editor

Published
2012
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40. XML Document Versioning, Revalidation and Constraints

Author

Malý, Jakub, Nečaský, Martin, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Harth, Andreas, editor, and Koch, Nora, editor

Published
2012
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41. Schema Evolution in Multiversion Data Warehouses

Author

Robert Wrembel, Alejandro A. Vaisman, Esteban Zimányi, and Waqas Ahmed

Subjects
Database, Hardware and Architecture, Computer science, InformationSystems_DATABASEMANAGEMENT, computer.software_genre, computer, Software, Data warehouse, Schema evolution
Abstract

Data warehouses (DWs) evolve in both their content and schema due to changes of user requirements, business processes, or external sources to name a few. Although multiple approaches using temporal and/or multiversion DWs have been proposed to handle these changes, an efficient solution for this problem is still lacking. The authors' approach is to separate concerns and use temporal DWs to deal with content changes, and multiversion DWs to deal with schema changes. To address the former, previously, they have proposed a temporal multidimensional (MD) model. In this paper, they propose a multiversion MD model for schema evolution to tackle the latter problem. The two models complement each other and allow managing both content and schema evolution. In this paper, the semantics of schema modification operators (SMOs) to derive various schema versions are given. It is also shown how online analytical processing (OLAP) operations like roll-up work on the model. Finally, the mapping from the multiversion MD model to a relational schema is given along with OLAP operations in standard SQL.

Published
2021

42. Data management in microservices

Author

Rodrigo Laigner, Yijian Liu, Marcos Kalinowski, Yongluan Zhou, and Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Service (systems architecture), Computer science, Process (engineering), business.industry, Data management, General Engineering, Exploratory research, Databases (cs.DB), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Microservices, Data science, Schema evolution, Software Engineering (cs.SE), Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Databases, Software deployment, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business, Architectural style
Abstract

Microservices have become a popular architectural style for data-driven applications, given their ability to functionally decompose an application into small and autonomous services to achieve scalability, strong isolation, and specialization of database systems to the workloads and data formats of each service. Despite the accelerating industrial adoption of this architectural style, an investigation of the state of the practice and challenges practitioners face regarding data management in microservices is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of representative articles reporting the adoption of microservices, we analyzed a set of popular open-source microservice applications, and we conducted an online survey to cross-validate the findings of the previous steps with the perceptions and experiences of over 120 experienced practitioners and researchers. Through this process, we were able to categorize the state of practice of data management in microservices and observe several foundational challenges that cannot be solved by software engineering practices alone, but rather require system-level support to alleviate the burden imposed on practitioners. We discuss the shortcomings of state-of-the-art database systems regarding microservices and we conclude by devising a set of features for microservice-oriented database systems., Version accepted at VLDB '21

Published
2021

47. Context Schema Evolution in Context-Aware Data Management

Author

Quintarelli, Elisa, Rabosio, Emanuele, Tanca, Letizia, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Jeusfeld, Manfred, editor, Delcambre, Lois, editor, and Ling, Tok-Wang, editor

Published
2011
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48. Data Privacy Preservation during Schema Evolution for Multi-tenancy Applications in Cloud Computing

Author

Zhang, Kun, Li, Qingzhong, Shi, Yuliang, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Gong, Zhiguo, editor, Luo, Xiangfeng, editor, Chen, Junjie, editor, Lei, Jingsheng, editor, and Wang, Fu Lee, editor

Published
2011
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49. Managing Database-Application Co-Evolution in a Scientific Data Ecosystem

Author

Carl Kesselman and Robert Schuler

Subjects
schema mapping, relational database, paper-presentation, scientific data management, schema evolution
Abstract

Scientific databases used for organizing, archiving, collaborating and sharing research data depend on a welldefined schema to accurately reflect the scientific domain and on database-driven applications for supporting key user interactions with the database. Applications that interact with a database typically depend on some form of schema mappings, such as object-relational mappings, to inform the application of how to query and manipulate the database. The presence of schema mappings, however, further exacerbates the already difficult task of evolving the database schema. Database migration utilities provide some help by coordinating schema evolution scripts with application code changes, but only automate the simplest schema mapping changes. In this paper, we present an approach to coupled database-application evolution by extending a database evolution language with model management operations. We introduce a novel set of model management operations and define their semantics and then describe how they may be integrated into schema modification operators. We then present an evaluation of the concepts from real-world usage of model mappings in scientific database deployments.

Published
2022
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50. Revisiting Schema Evolution in Object Databases in Support of Agile Development

Author

Zäschke, Tilmann, Norrie, Moira C., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Dearle, Alan, editor, and Zicari, Roberto V., editor

Published
2010
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