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We detected surface waves from two meteorite impacts on Mars. By measuring group velocity dispersion along the impact-lander path, we obtained a direct constraint on crustal structure away from the InSight lander. The crust north of the equatorial dichotomy had a shear wave velocity of approximately 3.2 kilometers per second in the 5- to 30-kilometer depth range, with little depth variation. This implies a higher crustal density than inferred beneath the lander, suggesting either compositional differences or reduced porosity in the volcanic areas traversed by the surface waves. The lower velocities and the crustal layering observed beneath the landing site down to a 10-kilometer depth are not a global feature. Structural variations revealed by surface waves hold implications for models of the formation and thickness of the martian crust.

Cláudio Rodrigues Leles,1 Jésio Rodrigues Silva,1 Thalita Fernandes Fleury Curado,1 Martin Schimmel,2,3 Gerald McKenna4 1School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil; 2Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 3Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; 4Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University, School of Medicine Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, UKCorrespondence: Cláudio Rodrigues Leles, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiania, Goias, 74605-220, Brazil, Tel +55 62 32096052, Email claudio_leles@ufg.brAbstract: Oral health problems are associated with poor quality of life, with the potential to cause functional, aesthetic, nutritional, and psychological difficulties, in addition to pain and suffering. Traditionally, dental treatment outcomes are measured using purely clinical parameters; however, this may be ineffective as these parameters cannot adequately capture the full impact of poor oral health on the patient, or their respective coping strategies. From this perspective, there are significant benefits when the patient’s perception of their care is considered, and included in treatment planning and delivery. The impacts perceived by the patient on their treatment outcomes can be measured using patient-reported outcomes (PROS), or more specifically with dPROS, focused on dental patient-reported outcomes. Although there are some instruments available for measuring these outcomes in clinical trials, very little information is available for explaining the context in which these outcomes are considered, and also how to capture this information using appropriate instruments, specially in evidence-based dental practice. This article aims to review the literature, seeking to describe what has been considered about assessing patient’s outcomes, as well as how to measure them, and explore the potential benefits of using dPROS in evidence-based prosthodontics and clinical care of partially and fully edentulous patients.Keywords: evidence-based practice, dentistry, prosthodontics, patient-reported outcomes

This article discusses the potential use of machine learning algorithms to analyze data from cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery. The authors evaluate the technical aspects of the heart-lung machine and data recording parameters, identifying missing and incorrectly recorded data that could be important for analysis and control of the bypass. They suggest that the current technology and data recording methods are not well-suited for evaluation and analysis using machine learning algorithms, and propose improvements to the sensor technology of the heart-lung machine to achieve complete and accurate data recording. [Extracted from the article]

This article compares the estimated and measured flow rates of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in pigs. The LVADs often use an algorithm to estimate the flow rate based on motor current, rotational speed, and pre-set viscosity. However, recent devices have also incorporated ultrasonic sensors to measure the flow rate. The study found that the estimated flow rate was greater than the measured flow rate, with a flow overestimation of 1.05 L/min or 21% at a physiological flow rate of 5 L/min. The accuracy of flow estimation was improved when considering hemodynamic and laboratory parameters in addition to pump parameters. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, examines the prevalence of primary headache types and their impact on the quality of life in children with epilepsy. The study involved 119 children with epilepsy, and it found that 38.7% of them reported suffering from headaches. Of those with headaches, 34.8% had migraine, 19.6% had tension-type headache, and 45.7% had not classifiable headache. Female epilepsy patients were more likely to be affected by headaches than male patients. The study also found that patients with headaches had lower quality of life compared to those without headaches. Overall, the findings suggest that headache is common among children with epilepsy and can negatively impact their quality of life. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, discusses the treatment response in children with relapsing MOG-associated disease (MOGAD). The study evaluated the use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) compared to other therapies in children with relapsing disease course. The results showed that the annual relapse rate (ARR) was lower in all treatment groups compared to no treatment, with the lowest ARR observed in patients treated with IVIG alone. The study suggests that IVIG may have a favorable treatment effect in relapsing MOGAD, but further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, explores the differences between prepubertal and (post)pubertal children with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. The study included 248 MS patients from various European pediatric hospitals who were diagnosed before the age of 18. The results showed that prepubertal children had an equal distribution of MS between sexes, while postpubertal children had a higher prevalence in females. Prepubertal children also had more relapses in the first two years and a different range of MRI features compared to (post)pubertal children. Overall, the findings suggest both similarities and differences between the two age groups in terms of MS characteristics. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, discusses the use of A20 (TNFAIP3) as a potential biomarker to distinguish relapse from remission in pediatric patients with monophasic MOGAD (MOG-IgG-associated disorders). MOGAD is a type of acquired demyelinating syndrome associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. The study found that A20 levels were significantly lower during clinical events compared to remission in monophasic MOGAD patients. However, there was no significant difference in A20 levels between clinical events and remission in multiphasic MOGAD patients. The authors suggest that further research is needed to investigate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of A20 in pediatric MOGAD patients. [Extracted from the article]