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2. Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities

Author

Gutt, Julian, Isla, E., Xavier, J.C., Adams, B.J., Ahn, I.-Y., Cheng, C.-H. C., Colesie, C., Cummings, V.J., di Prisco, G., Griffiths, H., Hawes, I., Hogg, I., McIntyre, T., Meiners, K. M., Pearce, D.A., Peck, L., Piepenburg, Dieter, Reisinger, R. R., Saba, G.K., Schloss, I. R., Signori, C.N., Smith, C.R., Vacchi, M., Verde, C., Wall, D.H., Gutt, Julian, Isla, E., Xavier, J.C., Adams, B.J., Ahn, I.-Y., Cheng, C.-H. C., Colesie, C., Cummings, V.J., di Prisco, G., Griffiths, H., Hawes, I., Hogg, I., McIntyre, T., Meiners, K. M., Pearce, D.A., Peck, L., Piepenburg, Dieter, Reisinger, R. R., Saba, G.K., Schloss, I. R., Signori, C.N., Smith, C.R., Vacchi, M., Verde, C., and Wall, D.H.

Published
2021

3. Variability and change in the west Antarctic Peninsula marine system: research priorities and opportunities

Author

Henley, Sian F., Schofield, O. M., Hendry, K. R., Schloss, I. R., Steinberg, Deborah K., Moffat, Carlos, Peck, Lloyd S., Costa, D.P., Bakker, D. C. E., Hughes, C., Rozema, Patrick D., Ducklow, H. W., Abele, Doris, Stefels, J., Leeuwe, M. A. van., Brussaard, Corina P. D., Buma, Anita G. J., Kohut, Josh, Sahade, Ricardo, Friedlaender, Ari S., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Venables, Hugh J., Meredith, P. G., Henley, Sian F., Schofield, O. M., Hendry, K. R., Schloss, I. R., Steinberg, Deborah K., Moffat, Carlos, Peck, Lloyd S., Costa, D.P., Bakker, D. C. E., Hughes, C., Rozema, Patrick D., Ducklow, H. W., Abele, Doris, Stefels, J., Leeuwe, M. A. van., Brussaard, Corina P. D., Buma, Anita G. J., Kohut, Josh, Sahade, Ricardo, Friedlaender, Ari S., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Venables, Hugh J., and Meredith, P. G.

Abstract

The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has undergone significant changes in temperature and seasonal ice dynamics since the mid-twentieth century, with strong impacts on the regional ecosystem, ocean chemistry and hydrographic properties. Changes to these long-term trends of warming and sea ice decline have been observed in the 21st century, but their consequences for ocean physics, chemistry and the ecology of the high-productivity shelf ecosystem are yet to be fully established. The WAP shelf is important for regional krill stocks and higher trophic levels, whilst the degree of variability and change in the physical environment and documented biological and biogeochemical responses make this a model system for how climate and sea ice changes might restructure high-latitude ecosystems. Although this region is arguably the best-measured and best-understood shelf region around Antarctica, significant gaps remain in spatial and temporal data capable of resolving the atmosphere-ice-ocean-ecosystem feedbacks that control the dynamics and evolution of this complex polar system. Here we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the key mechanisms and interactions regulating the physical, biogeochemical and biological processes at work, the ways in which the shelf environment is changing, and the ecosystem response to the changes underway. We outline the overarching cross-disciplinary priorities for future research, as well as the most important discipline-specific objectives. Underpinning these priorities and objectives is the need to better-define the causes, magnitude and timescales of variability and change at all levels of the system. A combination of traditional and innovative approaches will be critical to addressing these priorities and developing a co-ordinated observing system for the WAP shelf, which is required to detect and elucidate change into the future.

Published
2019

4. EFECTO DEL AUMENTO DE LA TEMPERATURA Y DISMINUCIÓN DE LA SALINIDAD SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN DEL FITOPLANCTON ANTÁRTICO COSTERO

Author

Antoni, J. S., Almandoz, G. O., Rozema, P., Hernando, M. P., Varela, D. E., Buma, Anita, Gremion, G., Gimenez, D., Schloss, I. R., and Ocean Ecosystems

Abstract

La Península Antártica (PA) es una de las regiones más afectadas por el calentamiento global, lo cual promueve el derretimiento glaciario y, en consecuencia, una disminución de la salinidad por incremento de agua dulce al medio marino costero. En este estudio se analizó la respuesta de la comunidad fitoplanctónica de Caleta Potter (Isla 25 de Mayo, Shetlands del Sur, al norte de la PA) al aumento de 4°C de temperatura (T+S0), disminución de la salinidad de 34 a 30 (T0S-), y la combinación de ambas variables (T+S-), con respecto al control (T0S0) durante 8 días de experimento en microcosmos. Se analizó la biomasa y composición específica mediante análisis de pigmentos (HPLC), recuentos celulares y observaciones con microscopíaelectrónica. Los máximos de biomasa (Cl-a) y densidad celular se observaron el día 3 (23-28 µgL-1 y 8-9,5x106 célulasL-1) en T+S- y T+S0, y el día 5 (17-18 µgL-1 y 5-7x106 célulasL-1) en T0S0 y T0S-. La comunidad estuvo ampliamente dominada por diatomeas a lo largo del experimento y en todos los tratamientos. Las diatomeas estuvieron principalmente representadas por organismos nanoplanctónicos (

Published
2018

5. Interdecadal variability of phytoplankton biomass accumulation along the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula

Author

Kim, Hyewon, Ducklow, H. W., Abele, Doris, Ruiz Barlett, E. M., Buma, A. G. J., Meredith, P. G., Rozema, Patrick D., Schofield, O. M., Venables, Hugh J., and Schloss, I. R.

Abstract

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically-sensitive region where periods of strong warming have caused significant changes in marine ecosystem and food web processes. Tight coupling between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels implies that the coastal WAP is a bottom-up controlled system, where changes in phytoplankton dynamics may largely impact other food web components. Here, we analyzed the interdecadal time series of year-round chlorophyll-a (Chl) collected from three stations along the coastal WAP, Carlini Station at Potter Cove (PC) on King George Island, Palmer Station on Anvers Island, and Rothera Station on Adelaide Island. There were trends toward increased phytoplankton biomass at Carlini Station (PC) and Palmer Station, while phytoplankton biomass declined significantly at Rothera Station over the studied period. The impacts of two relevant climate modes to the WAP, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode, on winter and spring phytoplankton biomass appear to be different among three sampling stations, suggesting a possibly more important role of local-scale forcing than large-scale forcing on phytoplankton dynamics at each station. The interannual variability of seasonal bloom progression derived from considering all three stations together captured ecologically meaningful, seasonally co-occurring bloom patterns which were primarily constrained by water-column stability strength. Our findings highlight a coupled link between phytoplankton and physical and climate dynamics along the coastal WAP, understanding of which is crucial in predicting overall WAP food web responses to climate change and variability.

Published
2018

6. Anatomy of a glacial meltwater discharge event in an Antarctic Cove

Author

Meredith, M. P., Falk, Ulrike, Bers, A. V., Mackensen, Andreas, Schloss, I. R., Ruiz Barlett, E. M., Jerosch, Kerstin, Silva-Busso, A., Abele, Doris, Meredith, M. P., Falk, Ulrike, Bers, A. V., Mackensen, Andreas, Schloss, I. R., Ruiz Barlett, E. M., Jerosch, Kerstin, Silva-Busso, A., and Abele, Doris

Abstract

Glacial meltwater discharge from Antarctica is a key influence on the marine environment, impacting ocean circulation, sea level, and productivity of the pelagic and benthic ecosystems. The responses elicited depend strongly on the characteristics of the meltwater releases, including timing, spatial structure and geochemical composition. Here we use isotopic tracers to reveal the time-varying pattern of meltwater during a discharge event from the Fourcade Glacier into Potter Cove, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The discharge is strongly dependent on local air temperature, and accumulates into an extremely thin, buoyant layer at the surface. This layer showed evidence of elevated turbidity, and responded rapidly to changes in atmospherically-driven circulation to generate a strongly pulsed outflow from the cove to the broader ocean. These characteristics contrast with those further south along the Peninsula, where strong glacial frontal ablation is driven oceanographically by intrusions of warm deep waters from offshore. The Fourcade Glacier switched very recently to being land-terminating; if retreat rates elsewhere along the Peninsula remain high and glacier termini progress strongly landward, the structure and impact of the freshwater discharges are likely to increasingly resemble the patterns elucidated here.

Published
2018

7. Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem research

Author

Gutt, Julian, Isla, E., Bertler, N. A., Bodeker, G. E., Bracegirdle, T.J., Cavanagh, R. D., Comiso, J. C., Convey, P., Cummings, V., DeConto, R., De Master, D., di Prisco, G., d'Ovidio, F., Griffiths, H. J., Khan, A.L., López-Martinez, J., Murray, A. E., Nielsen, U., Ott, S., Post, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Saucède, T., Scherer, R., Schiaparelli, S., Schloss, I. R., Smith, C.R., Stefels, J., Stevens, C., Strugnell, J.M., Trimborn, S., Verde, C., Verleyen, E., Wall, D.H., Wilson, N.G., Xavier, J.C., Gutt, Julian, Isla, E., Bertler, N. A., Bodeker, G. E., Bracegirdle, T.J., Cavanagh, R. D., Comiso, J. C., Convey, P., Cummings, V., DeConto, R., De Master, D., di Prisco, G., d'Ovidio, F., Griffiths, H. J., Khan, A.L., López-Martinez, J., Murray, A. E., Nielsen, U., Ott, S., Post, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Saucède, T., Scherer, R., Schiaparelli, S., Schloss, I. R., Smith, C.R., Stefels, J., Stevens, C., Strugnell, J.M., Trimborn, S., Verde, C., Verleyen, E., Wall, D.H., Wilson, N.G., and Xavier, J.C.

Published
2018

8. Future challenges in Southern Ocean ecology research

Author

Xavier, J.C., Brandt, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Badhe, R., Gutt, Julian, Havermans, C., Jones, C., Costa, E. S., Lochte, Karin, Schloss, I. R., Kennicutt II, M.C., Sutherland, W.J., Xavier, J.C., Brandt, A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Badhe, R., Gutt, Julian, Havermans, C., Jones, C., Costa, E. S., Lochte, Karin, Schloss, I. R., Kennicutt II, M.C., and Sutherland, W.J.

Published
2016

9. The Southern Ocean ecosystem under multiple climate stresses - an integrated circumpolar assessment

Author

Gutt, Julian, Bertler, N., Bracegirdle, T.J., Buschmann, Alexander, Comiso, J., Hosie, G., Isla, E., Schloss, I. R., Smith, G.R., Tournadre, J., Xavier, J.C., Gutt, Julian, Bertler, N., Bracegirdle, T.J., Buschmann, Alexander, Comiso, J., Hosie, G., Isla, E., Schloss, I. R., Smith, G.R., Tournadre, J., and Xavier, J.C.

Abstract

A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean (SO) with apotential impact on the marine ecosystem shows: (i) large proportions of the SO are and will be affected by one ormore climate change processes; areas projected to be affected in the future are larger than areas that are already under environmental stress, (ii) areas affected by changes in sea-ice in the past and likely in the future are much larger than areas affected by ocean warming. The smallest areas (<1% area of the SO) are affected by glacier retreat and warming in the deeper euphotic layer. In the future, decrease in the sea-ice is expected to be widespread. Changes in iceberg impact resulting from further collapse of ice-shelves can potentially affect large parts of shelf and ephemerally in the off-shore regions. However, aragonite undersaturation (acidification) might become one of the biggest problems for the Antarctic marine ecosystem by affecting almost the entire SO. Direct and indirect impacts of various environmental changes to the three major habitats, sea-ice, pelagic and benthos and their biota are complex. The areas affected by environmental stressors range from 33% of the SO for a single stressor, 11% for two and 2% for three, to <1% for fourand five overlapping factors. In the future, areas expected to be affected by 2 and 3 overlapping factors are equally large, including potential iceberg changes, and together cover almost 86% of the SO ecosystem.

Published
2015

10. Response of phytoplankton dynamics to 19-year (1991-2009) climate trends in Potter Cove (Antarctica)

Author

Schloss, I. R., Abele, Doris, Moreau, S., Demers, S., Bers, A. V., González, O., Ferreyra, G. A., Schloss, I. R., Abele, Doris, Moreau, S., Demers, S., Bers, A. V., González, O., and Ferreyra, G. A.

Abstract

King George Island (KGI, Isla 25 de Mayo) is located within one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth at the north-western tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Since 1991 hydrographical characteristics and phytoplankton dynamics were monitored at two stations in Potter Cove, a fjord-like environment on the south-eastern KGI coastline. Seawater temperature and salinity, total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) concentrations were measured in summer and winter over a 19 year period, together with local air temperature. Mean air temperatures rose by 0.39 and 0.48 ºC per decade in summer and winter, respectively. Positive anomalies characterised wind speeds during the decade between the mid ’90 and the mid 2000 years, whereas negative anomalies were observed from 2004 onwards. Day of sea ice formation and retreat, based on satellite data, did not change, although total sea ice cover diminished during the studied period. Surface water temperature increased during summer (0.36 ºC per decade), whereas no trend was observed in salinity. Summer Chl-a concentrations were around 1 mg m-3 Chl-a with no clear trend throughout the study period. However, summer Chl-a correlates positively with water column stratification, which in turn resulted from high air temperature and lower salinity in front of the melting glacier. TSPM increased in surface waters of the inner cove during the spring-summer months. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) climate signal was apparent in the fluctuating interannual pattern of the hydrographic variables in the outer Potter Cove and bottom waters whereas surface hydrography was strongly governed by the local forcing of glacier melt. The results show that global trends have significant effects on local hydrographical and biological conditions in the coastal marine environments of Western Antarctica.

Published
2012

12. Biomass and associations of benthic marine macroalgae from the inner Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarctica) related to depth and substrate.

Author

Quartino, M. L., Klöser, H., Schloss, I. R., Wiencke, Christian, Quartino, M. L., Klöser, H., Schloss, I. R., and Wiencke, Christian

Abstract

The biomass of the benthic marine macroalgae from the inner Potter Cove was studied along a depth profile across different substrates during Antarctic summer. Macroalgal associations were identified by means of cluster analysis. Twenty-two species have been found in the study site, approximately half of the species present in the area. This paucity may be ex-plained by the strong preponderance of the brown algae Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii, which are able to exclude other species by competition for light. The mean bio-mass of all macroalgae was 1390 g DW/m2 ± 1787 g DW/m2. Nine macroalgal asso-ciations were identified with different preferences for depth, substrate and the degree of expo-sure. Overall, there was a tendency of macroalgae to grow on fine substrates with increasing depth. Species rich-ness decreased at 20m depth, probably due to limiting light conditions. The results are discussed with respect to previ-ous studies in East and West Antarctica.

Published
2001

16. Evaluation of SeaWiFS and MODIS chlorophyll-a products in the Argentinean Patagonian Continental Shelf (38° S-55° S).

Author

Dogliotti, A. I., Schloss, I. R., Almandoz, G. O., and Gagliardini, D. A.

Subjects
*MODIS (Spectroradiometer), *SPECTRORADIOMETER, *SPECTROMETERS, *CHLOROPHYLL
Abstract

Field measurements of surface chlorophyll-a concentration were used to evaluate for the first time the performance of the standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and both standard and regional Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean colour algorithms in the Patagonian Continental Shelf (PCS) between 38° S and 55° S. The results showed that the regional algorithms did not significantly improve the global algorithm estimates. Moreover, the SeaWiFS OC4v4 algorithm, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard chlorophyll product, showed the best performance among all the algorithms examined. Nonetheless, all the global and local algorithms analysed showed uncertainties dependent on chlorophyll concentration. Low chlorophyll-a concentration values tended to be overestimated and high values tended to be underestimated. A regional analysis within the PCS showed that higher uncertainties are found in the homogeneous side of the tidal fronts present in the PCS, in areas suggested to be optically complex case 2 waters, while a better result (less bias) was obtained in the southern mid-shelf region. We discuss the probable reasons and provide possible explanations of the regional differences in the performance of the algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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17. Microplastic pollution in waters of the Antarctic coastal environment of Potter Cove (25 de Mayo Island/King George Island, South Shetlands).

Author

Antacli JC, Di Mauro R, Rimondino GN, Alurralde G, Schloss IR, González GA, Morales S, Ottero A, and Vodopivez C

Abstract

Plastic pollution in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica is a growing concern, but many areas in this vast region remain unexplored. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of marine microplastic (MPs) concentrations in Potter Cove, located near the Argentinian Carlini research station on 25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica. Water samples were collected at 14 sites within the cove, representing various influences from the station's activities. Two sampling methods were used: a 5 L Niskin bottle and an in-situ filtering device called Microfilter, allowing for large water volumes to be filtered. MPs were found in 100 % of the samples. Microfilter samples ranged from 0.02 to 2.14 MPs/L, with a mean concentration of 0.44 ± 0.44 MPs/L. Niskin bottle samples showed concentrations from 0.40 to 55.67 MPs/L, with a mean concentration of 19.03 ± 18.21 MPs/L. The dominant types of MPs were anthropogenic black, transparent, and pink microfibers (MFs) measuring between 0.11 and 3.6 mm (Microfilter) and 0.06 to 7.96 mm (Niskin bottle), with a median length of 0.01 mm for both methods. Transparent and black irregular microfragments (MFRs) with diameters from 0.10 to 5.08 mm and a median diameter of 0.49 mm were also prevalent. FTIR-spectroscopy revealed the presence of 14 types of polymers. Cellulose-based materials and polyethylene terephthalate were the most abundant in MFs, while polyurethanes and styrene-based copolymers dominated in MFRs. MPs were more abundant near the Carlini station. Compared to other coastal Antarctic areas, the MPs in the cove were relatively abundant and mostly smaller than 1 mm. Local activities on the island were identified as the primary source of MPs in the cove, and the cyclonic water circulation likely affects the distribution of small-sized particles. To protect the ecosystem, reducing plastic usage, improving waste management, regulating MPs debris, and enhancing wastewater practices are essential., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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18. Multispecies mass mortality in the Beagle Channel associated with paralytic shellfish toxins.

Author

Cadaillon AM, Mattera B, Albizzi A, Montoya N, Maldonado S, Raya Rey A, Riccialdelli L, Almandoz GO, and Schloss IR

Subjects
Dogs, Animals, Saxitoxin, Harmful Algal Bloom, Shellfish, Ecosystem, Dinoflagellida chemistry
Abstract

The Beagle Channel is a Subantarctic semi-estuarine environment at the southern tip of South America, where intoxication events associated with harmful algal blooms have been reported since 1886, including a world record in toxicity due to Alexandrium catenella in 1992. Toxic algae affect public health and ecosystem services, particularly mussel aquaculture and fisheries management. During the austral summer of 2022, an intense bloom of A. catenella (5 × 10 4 cells L -1 ) occurred in the Beagle Channel, leading to the second most toxic event in the area, with mussel toxicity reaching 197,266 µg STXeq kg -1 . This event was synchronous with the mortality of marine organisms from different trophic levels and terrestrial fauna, i.e., two Fuegian red foxes and a southern caracara. Stomach content and liver samples from dead kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus), Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), papua penguins (Pygoscelis papua), and imperial cormorants (Leucocarbo atriceps), presented variable paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) levels (up to 3427 µg STXeq kg -1 ) as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), suggesting that deaths were associated with high PST toxicity level. The different toxin profiles found in phytoplankton, zooplankton, squat lobsters (Grimothea gregaria), Fuegian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis), and seabirds evidenced possible toxin transformation along the food web and the possible transfer vectors. The unexpected detection of PST in terrestrial fauna (up to 2707 µg STXeq kg -1 ) suggested intoxication by scavenging on squat lobsters, which had high toxicity (26,663 µg STXeq kg -1 ). PST trace levels were also detected in a liver sample of a dead false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), an oceanic odontocete stranded on the coast during the bloom. Overall, our results denote the exceptional nature of the toxic, multispecies mortality event and that toxins may propagate to several levels of the food web in this Subantarctic environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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19. Ocean warming and freshening effects on lipid metabolism in coastal Antarctic phytoplankton assemblages dominated by sub-Antarctic species.

Author

Antacli JC, Hernando MP, De Troch M, Malanga G, Mendiolar M, Hernández DR, Varela DE, Antoni J, Sahade RJ, and Schloss IR

Subjects
Antarctic Regions, Oceans and Seas, Seawater, Lipid Metabolism, Phytoplankton
Abstract

Marine phytoplankton can utilize different strategies to cope with ocean warming and freshening from glacial melting in polar regions, which are disproportionally impacted by global warming. In the present study, we investigated the individual and combined effects of a 4 °C increase in seawater temperature (T + ) and a 4 psu decrease in salinity (S - ) from ambient values on biomass, nutrient use, fatty acid composition and lipid damage biochemistry of natural phytoplankton assemblages from Potter Cove (25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica). Experiments were conducted by exposing the assemblages to four treatments during a 7-day incubation period using microcosm located along shore from January 23 to 31, 2016. The N:P ratio decreased in all treatments from day 4 onwards, but especially under high temperature (T + ). Lipid damage was mainly detected under S 0 T + and S - T + conditions, and it decreased when the production of the antioxidant α-tocopherol increased. This antioxidant protection resulted in a build-up of phytoplankton biomass, especially at T + . Under the combined effect of both stressors (S - T + ), the concentration of ω3 fatty acids increased, potentially leading to higher-quality FA composition. These results, which were related to the dominance of sub-Antarctic species in phytoplankton assemblages, contribute to the understanding of the potential consequences of ocean warming and increase seawater freshening on the trophic webs of the Southern Ocean., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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20. Antarctic ascidians under increasing sedimentation: Physiological thresholds and ecosystem hysteresis.

Author

Torre L, Alurralde G, Lagger C, Abele D, Schloss IR, and Sahade R

Subjects
Animals, Antarctic Regions, Ice Cover, Ecosystem, Urochordata
Abstract

Glacier melting sediment inputs affect coastal ecosystems on the Antarctic Peninsula. In Potter Cove (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica), the shift from an "ascidian dominated" to a "mixed" assemblage has been linked to sedimentation. However, in recently described newly ice-free areas ascidians became dominant in spite of total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) concentrations, which are the highest measured in Potter Cove. Here, we compared the gut content and energy reserve of three ascidian species at three stations under different TSPM regimes. All analysed species had a higher gut content with lower %OM at these newly areas. A theoretical relationship between the scope for growth for the targeted ascidians and TSPM explained assemblages' recorded change but failed to explain current ascidians distribution. The results may indicate the existence of a TSPM threshold that allows the spatial coexistence of alternative stable states at benthic Potter Cove system., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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21. Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem research.

Author

Gutt J, Isla E, Bertler AN, Bodeker GE, Bracegirdle TJ, Cavanagh RD, Comiso JC, Convey P, Cummings V, De Conto R, De Master D, di Prisco G, d'Ovidio F, Griffiths HJ, Khan AL, López-Martínez J, Murray AE, Nielsen UN, Ott S, Post A, Ropert-Coudert Y, Saucède T, Scherer R, Schiaparelli S, Schloss IR, Smith CR, Stefels J, Stevens C, Strugnell JM, Trimborn S, Verde C, Verleyen E, Wall DH, Wilson NG, and Xavier JC

Subjects
Antarctic Regions, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Congresses as Topic, Ecology, Genomics, Aquatic Organisms physiology, Ecosystem, Interdisciplinary Research
Abstract

The biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate variability of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean are major components of the whole Earth system. Antarctic ecosystems are driven more strongly by the physical environment than many other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, to understand ecological functioning, cross-disciplinary studies are especially important in Antarctic research. The conceptual study presented here is based on a workshop initiated by the Research Programme Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, which focussed on challenges in identifying and applying cross-disciplinary approaches in the Antarctic. Novel ideas and first steps in their implementation were clustered into eight themes. These ranged from scale problems, through risk maps, and organism/ecosystem responses to multiple environmental changes and evolutionary processes. Scaling models and data across different spatial and temporal scales were identified as an overarching challenge. Approaches to bridge gaps in Antarctic research programmes included multi-disciplinary monitoring, linking biomolecular findings and simulated physical environments, as well as integrative ecological modelling. The results of advanced cross-disciplinary approaches can contribute significantly to our knowledge of Antarctic and global ecosystem functioning, the consequences of climate change, and to global assessments that ultimately benefit humankind., (Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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