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4. Disjointed or joint targeting?

Author

Schmidt, John W., Col and Williams, Clinton L., Col

Subjects
TARGETS AND TARGETING, OPERATION - Desert Storm - Lessons Learned
Abstract

illus tab por

Published
1992

8. Medicine: A Prescription for Medical Student Leadership Education

Author

Schmidt, John W. and Linenberger, Stephen J.

Abstract

This chapter proposes a medical school leadership curriculum that is context-driven, dovetails seamlessly with the medical student experience, and goes beyond managerial and professional interests by developing purposeful physician-leaders and focusing leadership knowledge on patient outcomes.

Published
2020
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12. No Change in Risk for Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonellosis from Beef, United States, 2002-2010

Author

Costard, Solenne, Pouzou, Jane G., Belk, Keith E., Morley, Paul S., Schmidt, John W., Wheeler, Tommy L., Arthur, Terrance M., and Zagmutt, Francisco J.

Subjects
Salmonellosis -- Health aspects, Beef -- Evaluation, Beef industry -- Health aspects, Microbial drug resistance -- Health aspects, Beef cattle -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

Increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), or antibiotic resistance, has resulted in initiatives to reduce the use of antibiotics in food production animals (1,2), but quantification of the public health effects of [...]

Published
2020
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13. Identifying a list of Salmonella serotypes of concern to target for reducing risk of salmonellosis.

Author

Katz, Tatum S., Harhay, Dayna M., Schmidt, John W., and Wheeler, Tommy L.

Subjects
SALMONELLA diseases, SALMONELLA, SEROTYPES, SALMONELLA enterica
Abstract

There is an increasing awareness in the field of Salmonella epidemiology that focusing control eorts on those serotypes which cause severe human health outcomes, as opposed to broadly targeting all Salmonella, will likely lead to the greatest advances in decreasing the incidence of salmonellosis. Yet, little guidance exists to support validated, scientific selection of target serotypes. The goal of this perspective is to develop an approach to identifying serotypes of greater concern and present a case study using meat- and poultry-attributed outbreaks to examine challenges in developing a standardized framework for defining target serotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Determining the Impact of Probicon L28 and BioPlus 2B on Finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Author

Reeb, Macie E., primary, Bai, Jimeng, additional, Tokach, Mike D., additional, Gebhardt, Jordan T., additional, Woodworth, Jason C., additional, Goodband, Robert D., additional, DeRouchey, Joel M., additional, Vipham, Jessie L., additional, Kang, Qing, additional, Schmidt, John W., additional, Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M., additional, Miller, Morgan, additional, and Gragg, Sara E., additional

Published
2023
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17. Exploring the Use of Probicon L28 and BIOPLUS 2B as Direct-Fed Microbials to Reduce Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Market Pigs

Author

Bai, Jimeng, primary, Reeb, Macie E., additional, Tokach, Mike D., additional, Gebhardt, Jordan T., additional, Woodworth, Jason C., additional, Goodband, Robert D., additional, DeRouchey, Joel M., additional, Vipham, Jessie L., additional, Kang, Qing, additional, Schmidt, John W., additional, Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M., additional, Bosilevac, Joseph M., additional, Miller, Morgan, additional, and Gragg, Sara E., additional

Published
2023
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28. Antimicrobial Resistance in U.S. Retail Ground Beef with and without Label Claims Regarding Antibiotic Use

Author

Schmidt, John W., primary, Vikram, Amit, additional, Doster, Enrique, additional, Thomas, Kevin, additional, Weinroth, Margaret D., additional, Parker, Jennifer, additional, Hanes, Ayanna, additional, Geornaras, Ifigenia, additional, Morley, Paul S., additional, Belk, Keith E., additional, Wheeler, Tommy L., additional, and Arthur, Terrance M., additional

Published
2021
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30. Tetracycline-Resistant, Third-Generation Cephalosporin–Resistant, and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coliin a Beef Cow-Calf Production System

Author

Agga, Getahun E., Galloway, Hunter O., Netthisinghe, Annesly M.P., Schmidt, John W., and Arthur, Terrance M

Abstract

Cow-calf production plays a significant role in the beef production chain. However, bacteria in these systems are not typically monitored for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We determined the baseline level of AMR in fecal bacteria collected from preweaned calves prior to feedlot entry and evaluated the effects of type of graze and age on AMR occurrence. Two grazing experiments (16 cow-calf pairs each) were conducted on tall fescue or wheat. Fecal samples were cultured for the detection of tetracycline-resistant (TETr), third-generation cephalosporin–resistant (3GCr), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli. Isolates were characterized for resistance to other antibiotics and resistance mechanisms. Concentrations (P< 0.001) and prevalence (P= 0.007) of TETrE. coliisolates were significantly higher in the calves (5.1 log CFU/g and 93%, respectively) than in the cows (4.4 log CFU/g and 80%, respectively). Wheat grazing did not affect TETrisolates phenotypically; however, it significantly expanded (P= 0.005) the resistant population carrying tet(A) over that carrying tet(B). Fecal prevalence of 3GCrand ESBL-producing isolates was 31.3 and 3.4%, respectively, with no significant effects of age (P= 0.340) or wheat grazing (P= 0.597). All 3GCrand ESBL-producing isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes). 3GCrisolates were positive for blaCMY-2(73%) or blaCTX-M(27%), and blaCTX-M-15was the most prevalent gene (94%, n= 17) among the CTX-M–positive isolates. Wheat grazing significantly expanded (P< 0.001) the 3GCrpopulation carrying blaCTX-Mand reduced the population carrying blaCMY-2. Five of the seven ESBL-producing isolates were positive for blaCTX-M. Our study revealed age-dependent occurrence of TETrE. coliand that wheat grazing expanded the resistant population carrying certain resistance genes. Cow-calf production is a significant reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria of significant public health importance such as 3GCrand CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli.

Published
2022
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32. Seasonal Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Pork Carcasses for Three Steps of the Harvest Process at Two Commercial Processing Plants in the United States

Author

Nastasijevic, Ivan, primary, Schmidt, John W., additional, Boskovic, Marija, additional, Glisic, Milica, additional, Kalchayanand, Norasak, additional, Shackelford, Steven D., additional, Wheeler, Tommy L., additional, Koohmaraie, Mohammad, additional, and Bosilevac, Joseph M., additional

Published
2020
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35. Seasonal prevalence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on pork carcasses at three steps of the harvest process at two commercial processing plants in the US

Author

Nastasijevic, Ivan, primary, Schmidt, John W., additional, Boskovic, Marija, additional, Glisic, Milica, additional, Kalchayanand, Norasak, additional, Shackelford, Steven D., additional, Wheeler, Tommy L., additional, Koohmaraie, Mohammad, additional, and Bosilevac, Joseph M., additional

Published
2020
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41. Twenty-Four-Month Longitudinal Study Suggests Little to No Horizontal Gene Transfer In Situ between Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonellaand Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coliin a Beef Cattle Feedyard

Author

Schmidt, John W., Murray, Sarah A., Dickey, Aaron M., Wheeler, Tommy L., Harhay, Dayna M., and Arthur, Terrance M.

Abstract

Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are preferred treatments for serious human Salmonella entericainfections. Beef cattle are suspected to contribute to human 3GC-resistant Salmonellainfections. Commensal 3GC-resistant Escherichia coliare thought to act as reservoirs of 3GC resistance because these strains are isolated more frequently than are 3GC-resistant Salmonellastrains at beef cattle feedyards. During each of 24 consecutive months, four samples of pen surface material were obtained from five pens (N= 480) at a Nebraska feedyard to determine to the contribution of 3GC-resistant E. colito the occurrence of 3GC-resistant Salmonella. Illumina whole genome sequencing was performed, and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was determined for 121 3GC-susceptible Salmonella,121 3GC-resistant Salmonella,and 203 3GC-resistant E. coliisolates. 3GC-susceptible Salmonellaisolates were predominantly from serotypes Muenchen (70.2%) and Montevideo clade 1 (23.1%). 3GC-resistant Salmonellaisolates were predominantly from serotypes Montevideo clade 2 (84.3%). One blagene type (blaCMY-2) and the IncC plasmid replicon were present in 100 and 97.5% of the 3GC-resistant Salmonella,respectively. Eleven blagene types were detected in the 3GC-resistant E. coli,which were distributed across 42 multilocus sequence types. The blaCMY-2gene and IncC plasmid replicon were present in 37.9 and 9.9% of the 3GC-resistant E. coli,respectively. These results suggest that 3GC resistance in Salmonellawas primarily due the persistence of SalmonellaMontevideo clade 2 with very minimal or no contribution from 3GC-resistant E. colivia horizontal gene transfer and that 3GC-resistant E. colimay not be a useful indicator for 3GC-resistant Salmonellain beef cattle production environments.

Published
2022
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44. Seasonal Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Pork Carcasses for Three Steps of the Harvest Process at Two Commercial Processing Plants in the United States.

Author

Nastasijevic, Ivan, Schmidt, John W., Boskovic, Marija, Glisic, Milica, Kalchayanand, Norasak, Shackelford, Steven D., Wheeler, Tommy L., Koohmaraie, Mohammad, and Bosilevac, Joseph M.

Subjects
*ESCHERICHIA coli, *PORK products, *PORK, *BEEF cattle, *FOOD pathogens, *FACTORY orders
Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that has a significant impact on public health, with strains possessing the attachment factor intimin referred to as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and associated with life-threatening illnesses. Cattle and beef are considered typical sources of STEC, but their presence in pork products is a growing concern. Therefore, carcasses (n=1,536) at two U.S. pork processors were sampled once per season at three stages of harvest (poststunning skins, postscald carcasses, and chilled carcasses) and then examined using PCR for Shiga toxin genes (stx), intimin genes (eae), aerobic plate count (APC), and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC). The prevalence of stx on skins, postscald, and chilled carcasses was 85.3, 17.5, and 5.4%, respectively, with 82.3, 7.8, and 1.7% of swabs, respectively, having stx and eae present. All stx-positive samples were subjected to culture isolation that resulted in 368 STEC and 46 EHEC isolates. The most frequently identified STEC were serogroups O121, O8, and O91 (63, 6.7, and 6.0% of total STEC, respectively). The most frequently isolated EHEC was serotype O157:H7 (63% of total EHEC). Results showed that scalding significantly reduced (P < 0.05) carcass APC and EBC by 3.00- and 2.50-log10 CFU/100 cm2, respectively. A seasonal effect was observed, with STEC prevalence lower (P <0.05) in winter. The data from this study show significant (P <0.05) reduction in the incidence of STEC (stx) from 85.3% to 5.4% and of EHEC (stx plus eae) from 82.3% to 1.7% within the slaughter-to-chilling continuum, respectively, and that potential EHEC can be confirmed present throughout using culture isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. Antibiotic Resistance and Disinfectant Resistance Among Escherichia coliIsolated During Red Meat Production

Author

Guragain, Manita, Schmidt, John W., Bagi, Lori K., Paoli, George C., Kalchayanand, Norasak, and Bosilevac, Joseph M.

Abstract

•About a third of the red meat−borne E. coliin this study were antibiotic resistant.•E. colibelonging to the most common STEC serotypes can be antibiotic resistant.•Both antibiotic−resistant and antibiotic−sensitive E. coliare sensitive to disinfectants.•Both antibiotic−resistant and antibiotic−sensitive E. colihave a similar level of congo red binding and biofilm formation.

Published
2024
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