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The importance of strong coordination for research on public health and social measures was highlighted at the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly in 2021. This article describes efforts undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop a global research agenda on the use of public health and social measures during health emergencies. This work includes a multistep process that started with a global technical consultation convened by WHO in September 2021. The consultation included experts from around the world and from a wide range of disciplines, such as public health, education, tourism, finance and social sciences, and aimed to identify research and implementation approaches based on lessons learnt during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To prepare for future epidemics and pandemics, it is essential to adopt a more robust, comparable and systematic research approach to public health and social measures. Such comprehensive approach will better inform agile, balanced and context-specific implementation decisions during future emergencies. This article describes the methods used to develop global research priorities for public health and social measures and the next steps needed. La soixante-quatorzieme Assemblee mondiale de la Sante en 2021 a souligne l'importance d'une coordination solide pour la recherche sur la sante publique et les mesures sociales. Le present article decrit les efforts entrepris par ('Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) pour elaborer un programme de recherche mondial sur l'utilisation des mesures de sante publique et des mesures sociales lors de situations d'urgence sanitaire. Ce travail comprend un processus en plusieurs etapes qui a commence par une consultation technique mondiale organisee par l'OMS en septembre 2021. La consultation a reuni des experts du monde entier issus d'un large eventail de disciplines telles que la sante publique, l'education, le tourisme, la finance et les sciences sociales. Elle visait a identifier des approches de recherche et de mise en reuvre fondees sur les enseignements tires de la pandemie de maladie a coronavirus de 2019. Pour se preparer aux futures epidemies et pandemies, il est essentiel d'adopter une approche de recherche plus solide, comparable et systematique en matiere de sante publique et de mesures sociales. Cette approche globale permettra de mieux eclairer les decisions de mise en reuvre agiles, equilibrees et adaptees au contexte lors des futures situations d'urgence. Le present article decrit les methodes appliquees pour definir les priorites mondiales de recherche en matiere de sante publique et de mesures sociales, ainsi que les prochaines etapes a franchir. En la 74.a Asamblea Mundial de la Salud, celebrada en 2021, se destaco la importancia de una solida coordinacion en la investigacion sobre salud publica y medidas sociales. Este articulo describe los esfuerzos que ha emprendido la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para desarrollar un programa mundial de investigacion sobre el uso de medidas sociales y de salud publica durante las emergencias sanitarias. Este trabajo incluye un proceso de varios pasos que comenzo con una consulta tecnica mundial que convoco la OMS en septiembre de 2021. La consulta incluyo a expertos de todo el mundo y de una gran variedad de disciplinas, como la salud publica, la educacion, el turismo, las finanzas y las ciencias sociales, y tuvo como objetivo identificar enfoques de investigacion y aplicacion basados en las lecciones aprendidas durante la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019. Para prepararse ante futuras epidemias y pandemias, es esencial adoptar un enfoque de investigacion mas solido, comparable y sistematico en materia de salud publica y medidas sociales. Este enfoque integral informara mejor las decisiones de aplicacion agiles, equilibradas y adaptadas al contexto durante futuras emergencias. En este articulo se describen los metodos utilizados para elaborar las prioridades mundiales de investigacion sobre salud publica y medidas sociales, asi como los proximos pasos necesarios. [phrase omitted], Introduction Public health and social measures refer to non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented by individuals, communities and governments at all levels. Public health and social measures are a key strategy to offer [...]

IntroductionOnly international studies can provide the full variability of built environments and accurately estimate effect sizes of relations between contrasting environments and health-related outcomes. The aims of the International Physical Activity and Environment Study of Adolescents (IPEN Adolescent) are to estimate the strength, shape and generalisability of associations of the community environment (geographic information systems (GIS)-based and self-reported) with physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometer-measured and self-reported) and weight status (normal/overweight/obese).Methods and analysisThe IPEN Adolescent observational, cross-sectional, multicountry study involves recruiting adolescent participants (ages 11-19 years) and one parent/guardian from neighbourhoods selected to ensure wide variations in walkability and socioeconomic status using common protocols and measures. Fifteen geographically, economically and culturally diverse countries, from six continents, participated: Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hong Kong SAR, India, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain and USA. Countries provided survey and accelerometer data (15 countries), GIS data (11), global positioning system data (10), and pedestrian environment audit data (8). A sample of n=6950 (52.6% female; mean age=14.5, SD=1.7) adolescents provided survey data, n=4852 had 4 or more 8+ hours valid days of accelerometer data, and n=5473 had GIS measures. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by waist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers and self-reports, and body mass index was used to categorise weight status.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from each study site's Institutional Review Board for their in-country studies. Informed assent by adolescents and consent by parents was obtained for all participants. No personally identifiable information was transferred to the IPEN coordinating centre for pooled datasets. Results will be communicated through standard scientific channels and findings used to advance the science of environmental correlates of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and weight status, with the ultimate goal to stimulate and guide actions to create more activity-supportive environments internationally.

The aim of this work was the development of an isolated heart setup to delineate the interactions between intraventricular flow features, hemodynamic parameters and mechano-energetics after certain mitral valve therapies. Five porcine hearts were explanted and prepared for (i) edge-to-edge mitral valve repair, (ii) implantation of a rotatable biscupid mechanical valve prosthesis. Flow structures were visualized using echocardiography while hemodynamics was recorded in terms of pressures, flow rates and ventricular volume. Hemodynamic and cardiac mechano-energetics implied a marginal effect (