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Hot subdwarfs (sdO/B) are the stripped helium cores of red giants formed by binary interactions. Close hot subdwarf binaries with massive white dwarf companions have been proposed as possible progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae type Ia (SN Ia). If the supernova is triggered by stable mass transfer from the helium star, the companion should survive the explosion and should be accelerated to high velocities. The hypervelocity star US 708 is regarded as the prototype for such an ejected companion. To find more of those objects we conducted an extensive spectroscopic survey. Candidates for such fast stars have been selected from the spectroscopic database of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and several ground-based proper motion surveys. Follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained with several 4m- to 10m-class telescopes. Combining the results from quantitative spectroscopic analyses with space-based astrometry from \textit{Gaia} Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) we determined the atmospheric and kinematic parameters of 53 fast hot subdwarf stars. None of these stars is unbound to the Galaxy, although some have Galactic restframe velocities close to the Galactic escape velocity. 21 stars are apparently single objects, which crossed the Galactic disc within their lifetimes in the sdO/B stage and could be regarded as potential candidates for the SN Ia ejection scenario. However, the properties of the full sample are more consistent with a pure old Galactic halo population. We therefore conclude that the fast sdO/B stars we found are likely to be extreme halo stars., Comment: 22 pages, A&A accepted

We present the results of an investigation of a highly variable CIV broad absorption-line feature in the quasar SBS 1408+544 (z=2.337) that shows a significant shift in velocity over time. This source was observed as a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project and the SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper Reverberation Mapping Project, and has been included in two previous studies, both of which identified significant variability in a high-velocity CIV broad absorption line (BAL) on timescales of just a few days in the quasar rest frame. Using ~130 spectra acquired over eight years of spectroscopic monitoring with SDSS, we have determined that this BAL is not only varying in strength, but is also systematically shifting to higher velocities. Using cross-correlation methods, we measure the velocity shifts (and corresponding acceleration) of the BAL on a wide range of timescales, measuring an overall velocity shift of delta v = -683 (+89, -84) km s-1 over the 8-year monitoring period. This corresponds to an average rest-frame acceleration of a=1.04 (+0.14, -0.13) cm s-2, though the magnitude of the acceleration on shorter timescales is not constant throughout. We place our measurements in the context of BAL-acceleration models and examine various possible causes of the observed velocity shift., Comment: Published in the Astrophysical Journal

We present the first volume-limited sample of spectroscopically confirmed hot subluminous stars out to 500 pc, defined using the accurate parallax measurements from the {\em Gaia} space mission data release 3 (DR3). The sample comprises a total of 397 members, with 305 ($\sim 77\%$) identified as hot subdwarf stars, including 83 newly discovered systems. Of these, we observe that 178 ($\sim58\%$) are hydrogen-rich sdBs, 65 are sdOBs ($\sim 21\%$), 32 are sdOs ($\sim 11\%$), and 30 are He-sdO/Bs ($\sim 10\%$). Among them, 48 ($\sim 16\%$) exhibit an infrared excess in their spectral energy distribution fits, suggesting a composite binary system. The hot subdwarf population is estimated to be 90\% complete, assuming that most missing systems are these composite binaries located within the main sequence (MS) in the \emph{Gaia} colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). The remaining sources in the sample include cataclysmic variables (CVs), blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs), hot white dwarfs (WDs), and MS stars. We derived the mid-plane density $\rho_{0}$ and scale height $\mathrm{h}_{z}$ for the non-composite hot subdwarf star population using a hyperbolic sechant profile (sech$^2$). The best-fit values are $\rho_{0}\,=\,5.17\pm 0.33 \times10^{-7}$ stars/pc$^{3}$ and $\mathrm{h}_{z} = 281 \pm 62$ pc. When accounting for the composite-colour hot subdwarfs and their estimated completeness, the mid-plane density increases to $\rho_{0}\,=\,6.15^ {+1.16}_{-0.53} \times10^{-7}$ stars/pc$^{3}$. This corrected space density is an order of magnitude lower than predicted by population synthesis studies, supporting previous observational estimates., Comment: Accepted for publication with A&A (permission has been granted by A&A to share this article on arXiv), 30 pages, 16 figures, 7 tables (4 + 3 appendices). The full table will be available in electronic form at the CDS

We present an observational study of wind acceleration based on four low-ionization broad absorption line (LoBAL) quasars (J0136, J1238, J1259, J1344). J0136 and J1344 (group-1) are radio quiet and show large BAL-velocity shifts as opposed to stable line-locking associated absorption lines (AALs). Notably, J1344 displays a linear relation between BAL-velocity shift and time interval over three consecutive epochs, characteristic of compelling evidence for BAL acceleration. J1238 and J1259 (group 2) exhibit small BAL-velocity shifts along with steep-spectrum, weak radio emission at 3.0 and 1.4 GHz. All four quasars have spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with a peak at $\lambda_{\rm rest }\sim10~\mu$m, suggesting a link between the BAL acceleration and hot dust emission. The group-2 quasars are redder than group-1 quasars and have a steeper rise at $1<\lambda_{\rm rest }<3~\mu$m in their SEDs. All but J1238 exhibit a steep rise followed by a plateau-like time evolution in BAL-velocity shift. Our investigations, combined with previous studies of BAL acceleration, indicate that (1) the BAL-ISM coupling process is one of the major avenues for the origin of quasar reddening and patchy obscuration, (2) AAL outflows are ubiquitous and likely signify large-scale remnants of BAL winds coupled to interstellar medium (ISM), and (3) wind deceleration that is closely linked to the BAL-ISM coupling process may produce weak radio emission in otherwise radio-quiet quasars., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS

We report on the first experiment dedicated to the study of nuclear reactions on dopants in a cryogenic capsule at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This was accomplished using bromine doping in the inner layers of the CH ablator of a capsule identical to that used in the NIF shot N140520. The capsule was doped with 3$\times$10$^{16}$ bromine atoms. The doped capsule shot, N170730, resulted in a DT yield that was 2.6 times lower than the undoped equivalent. The Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) system was used to collect and detect $^{79}$Kr atoms resulting from energetic deuteron and proton ion reactions on $^{79}$Br. RAGS was also used to detect $^{13}$N produced dominantly by knock-on deuteron reactions on the $^{12}$C in the ablator. High-energy reaction-in-flight neutrons were detected via the $^{209}$Bi(n,4n)$^{206}$Bi reaction, using bismuth activation foils located 50 cm outside of the target capsule. The robustness of the RAGS signals suggest that the use of nuclear reactions on dopants as diagnostics is quite feasible.

This is the fifth paper in a series of investigations of the clustering properties of luminous, broad-emission-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In this work we measure the cross-correlation function (CCF) between RASS/SDSS DR14 AGN with the SDSS CMASS galaxy sample at $0.44

Measurements of the elastic scattering angular distribution for the d+$^{197}$Au system were carried out covering deuteron incident energies in the range from 5 to 16 MeV, i.e. approximately 50% below and above the Coulomb barrier. A critical interaction distance of $d_I$= 2.49 fm was determined from these distributions, which is comparable to that of the radioactive halo nucleus $^{6}$He. The experimental angular distributions were systematically analyzed using two alternative models: the semi-microscopic Sao Paulo and the effective Woods-Saxon optical potentials, for which the best-fitting parameters were determined. These potentials, integrated in the vicinity of the sensitivity radius, were calculated for each energy. For both models, the energy dependence of these integrals presented the breakup threshold anomaly around the coulomb barrier, a typical signature of weakly bound nuclei., Comment: 20 pages. 7 figures. 60 References

We present the first near-IR spectroscopy and joint analyses of multi-wavelength observations for SDSS J082747.14+425241.1, a dust-reddened, weak broad emission-line quasar (WLQ) undergoing a remarkable broad absorption line (BAL) transformation. The systemic redshift is more precisely measured to be $z=2.070\pm0.001$ using H$\beta$ compared to $z=2.040\pm0.003$ using \mgii\ from the literature, signifying an extreme \mgii\ blueshift of $2140\pm530$ \kms\ relative to H$\beta$. Using the H$\beta$-based single-epoch scaling relation with a systematic uncertainty of 0.3 dex, its black hole (BH) mass and Eddington ratio are estimated to be $M_{\rm BH}\sim6.1\times10^8M_\odot$ and $\lambda_{\rm Edd}\sim0.71$, indicative of being in a rapidly accreting phase. Our investigations confirm the WLQ nature and the LoBAL$\rightarrow$HiBAL transformation, along with a factor of 2 increase in the \mgii+\feii\ emission strength and a decrease of 0.1 in $E(B-V)$ over two decades. The kinetic power of this LoBAL wind at $R\sim$15 pc from its BH is estimated to be $\sim$43\% of the Eddington luminosity, sufficient for quasar feedback upon its host galaxy albeit with an order-of-magnitude uncertainty. This quasar provides a clear example of the long-sought scenario where LoBAL quasars are surrounded by dust cocoons, and wide-angle nuclear winds play a key role in the transition for red quasars evolving into the commonly seen blue quasars., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

We analyse the kinematics of 170 AGN host galaxies as compared to those of a matched control sample of non-active galaxies from the MaNGA survey in order to characterise and estimate the extents of the Narrow Line Region (NLR) and of the kinematically disturbed region (KDR) by the AGN. We define the observed NLR radius as the farthest distance from the nucleus within which both [Oiii]/H\beta and [Nii]/H\alpha ratios fall in the AGN region of the BPT diagram and the H\alpha equivalent width is required to be larger than 3.0\AA. The extent of the KDR is defined as the distance from the nucleus within which the AGN hosts galaxies shows a more disturbed gas kinematics than the control galaxies. The kinematics derived from the [Oiii] line profiles reveal that, on average, the most luminous AGN (L[Oiii] > 3.8 * 10^40 erg s^-1) possess higher residual difference between the gaseous and stellar velocities and velocities dispersion than their control galaxies. Spatially resolved NLR's and KDR's were found in 55 and 46 AGN host galaxies, with corrected radii 0.2 < r_KDR,c < 2.3 kpc and 0.4 < r_NLR,c < 10.1 kpc, with a relation between the two given by log r_KDR,c = (0.53\pm0.12) log r_NLR,c + (1.07\pm0.22), respectively. The extension of the KDR corresponds to about 30 per cent of that of the NLR. Assuming that the KDR is due to an AGN outflow, we have estimated ionised gas mass outflow rates that range between 10^-5 and \approx 1 Myr^-1, and kinetic powers that range from 10^34 to 10^40 erg s^-1. Comparing the power of the AGN ionised outflows with the AGN luminosities, they are always below the 0.05 L_AGN model threshold for having an important feedback effect on their respective host galaxies. The mass outflow rates (and power) of our AGN sample correlate with their luminosities, populating the lowest AGN luminosity range of the correlations previously found for more powerful sources., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Supernova Ia are bright explosive events that can be used to estimate cosmological distances, allowing us to study the expansion of the Universe. They are understood to result from a thermonuclear detonation in a white dwarf that formed from the exhausted core of a star more massive than the Sun. However, the possible progenitor channels leading to an explosion are a long-standing debate, limiting the precision and accuracy of supernova Ia as distance indicators. Here we present HD265435, a binary system with an orbital period of less than a hundred minutes, consisting of a white dwarf and a hot subdwarf -- a stripped core-helium burning star. The total mass of the system is 1.65+/-0.25 solar-masses, exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit (the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf). The system will merge due to gravitational wave emission in 70 million years, likely triggering a supernova Ia event. We use this detection to place constraints on the contribution of hot subdwarf-white dwarf binaries to supernova Ia progenitors., Comment: Preprint of an article published in Nature Astronomy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01413-0

In November 2019, eROSITA on board of SRG observatory started to map the entire sky in X-rays. After the 4-year survey program, it will reach flux limits about 25 times deeper than ROSAT. During the SRG Performance Verification phase, eROSITA observed a contiguous 140 deg$^2$ area of the sky down to the final depth of the eROSITA all-sky survey ("eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey": eFEDS), with the goal of obtaining a census of the X-ray emitting populations (stars, compact objects, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, AGN) that will be discovered over the entire sky. This paper presents the identification of the counterparts to the point-sources detected in eFEDS in the Main and Hard samples described in Brunner et al 2021, and their multi-wavelength properties, including redshift. For the identification of the counterparts we combined the results from two independent methods (NWAY and ASTROMATCH), trained on the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of 23k XMM-Newton sources detected in the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey DR8. Then spectroscopic redshifts and photometry from ancillary surveys are collated for the computation of photometric redshifts. The eFEDS sources with a reliable counterparts are 24774/27369 (90.5\%) in the Main sample and 231/246 (93.9\%) in the Hard sample, including 2514 (3) sources for which a second counterpart is equally likely. [abridged] This paper is accompanying the eROSITA early data release of all the observations performed during the performance and verification phase. Together with the catalogs of primary and secondary counterparts to the Main and Hard samples of the eFEDS survey this paper releases their multi-wavelength properties and redshifts., Comment: Accepted by A&A for the Special Issue: The Early Data Release of eROSITA and Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC on the SRG Mission. NOTE: Paper completely revised wrt the first version submitted to arXiv. Revised catalogs available via https://erosita.mpe.mpg.de/edr/eROSITAObservations/Catalogues/

We present the X-ray point-source catalogs in two of the XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (XMM-SERVS) fields, W-CDF-S (4.6 deg$^2$) and ELAIS-S1 (3.2 deg$^2$), aiming to fill the gap between deep pencil-beam X-ray surveys and shallow X-ray surveys over large areas. The W-CDF-S and ELAIS-S1 regions were targeted with 2.3 Ms and 1.0 Ms of XMM-Newton observations, respectively; 1.8 Ms and 0.9 Ms exposures remain after flare filtering. The survey in W-CDF-S has a flux limit of 1.0 $\times$ 10$^{-14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ over 90% of its area in the 0.5-10 keV band; 4053 sources are detected in total. The survey in ELAIS-S1 has a flux limit of 1.3 $\times$ 10$^{-14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ over 90% of its area in the 0.5-10 keV band; 2630 sources are detected in total. Reliable optical-to-IR multiwavelength counterpart candidates are identified for $\approx$ 89% of the sources in W-CDF-S and $\approx$ 87% of the sources in ELAIS-S1. 3186 sources in W-CDF-S and 1985 sources in ELAIS-S1 are classified as AGNs. We also provide photometric redshifts for X-ray sources; $\approx$ 84% of the 3319/2001 sources in W-CDF-S/ELAIS-S1 with optical-to-NIR forced photometry available have either spectroscopic redshifts or high-quality photometric redshifts. The completion of the XMM-Newton observations in the W-CDF-S and ELAIS-S1 fields marks the end of the XMM-SERVS survey data gathering. The $\approx$ 12,000 point-like X-ray sources detected in the whole $\approx$ 13 deg$^2$ XMM-SERVS survey will benefit future large-sample AGN studies., Comment: 40 pages, 35 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Data products available at: https://personal.psu.edu/wnb3/xmmservs/xmmservs.html

We present accretion-disk structure measurements from UV-optical reverberation mapping observations of a sample of eight quasars at 0.24

Data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS) are searched for a detection of the gravitational redshifting of light from $\sim\!20\,000$ galaxies in $\sim\!2500$ galaxy clusters using three definitions of the cluster centre: its Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), the redMaPPer identified Central Galaxy (CG), or the peak of X-ray emission. Distributions of velocity offsets between galaxies and their host cluster's centre, found using observed redshifts, are created. The quantity $\hat{\Delta}$, the average of the radial velocity difference between the cluster members and the cluster systemic velocity, reveals information on the size of a combination of effects on the observed redshift, dominated by gravitational redshifting. The change of $\hat{\Delta}$ with radial distance is predicted for SPIDERS galaxies in General Relativity (GR), and $f(R)$ gravity, and compared to the observations. The values of $\hat{\Delta}=-13.5\pm4.7$ km s$^{-1}$, $\hat{\Delta}=-12.5\pm5.1$ km s$^{-1}$, and $\hat{\Delta}=-18.6\pm4.8$ km s$^{-1}$ for the BCG, X-ray and CG cases respectively broadly agree with the literature. There is no significant preference of one gravity theory over another, but all cases give a clear detection ($>2.5\sigma$) of $\hat{\Delta}$. The BCG centroid is deemed to be the most robust method in this analysis, due to no well defined central redshift when using an X-ray centroid, and CGs identified by redMaPPer with no associated spectroscopic redshift. For future gravitational redshift studies, an order of magnitude more galaxies, $\sim\!500\,000$, will be required-a possible feat with the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Euclid and eROSITA., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 11 pages, 10 figures

SPIDERS is the spectroscopic follow-up effort of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) project for the identification of X-ray selected galaxy clusters. We present our catalogue of 2740 visually inspected galaxy clusters as a part of the SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16). Here we detail the target selection, our methods for validation of the candidate clusters, performance of the survey, the construction of the final sample, and a full description of what is found in the catalogue. Of the sample, the median number of members per cluster is approximately 10, with 818 having 15 or greater. We find that we are capable of validating over 99% of clusters when 5 redshifts are obtained below $z<0.3$ and when 9 redshifts are obtained above $z>0.3$. We discuss the improvements of this catalogue's identification of cluster using 33,340 redshifts, with $\Delta z_{\rm{phot}} / \Delta z_{\rm{spec}} \sim 100$, over other photometric and spectroscopic surveys, as well as present an update to previous ($\sigma - L_{X}$) and ($\sigma - \lambda$) relations. Finally, we present our cosmological constraints derived using the velocity dispersion function., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Subdwarf B stars are core-helium burning stars located on the extreme horizontal branch. Extensive mass loss on the red giant branch is necessary to form them. It has been proposed that substellar companions could lead to the required mass-loss when they are engulfed in the envelope of the red giant star. J08205+0008 was the first example of a hot subdwarf star with a close, substellar companion candidate to be found. Here we perform an in-depth re-analysis of this important system with much higher quality data allowing additional analysis methods. From the higher resolution spectra obtained with ESO-VLT/XSHOOTER we derive the chemical abundances of the hot subdwarf as well as its rotational velocity. Using the { it Gaia} parallax and a fit to the spectral energy distribution in the secondary eclipse, tight constraints to the radius of the hot subdwarf are derived. From a long-term photometric campaign we detected a significant period decrease of $-3.2(8)\cdot 10^{-12} \,\rm dd^{-1}$. This can be explained by the non-synchronised hot subdwarf star being spun up by tidal interactions forcing it to become synchronised. From the rate of period decrease we could derive the synchronisation timescale to be 4 Myr, much smaller than the lifetime on EHB. By combining all different methods we could constrain the hot subdwarf to a mass of $0.39-0.50\,\rm M_\odot$ and a radius of $R_{\rm sdB}=0.194\pm0.008\,\rm R_\odot$, and the companion to $0.061-0.071\rm\,M_\odot$ with a radius of $R_{\rm comp}=0.092 \pm 0.005\,\rm R_\odot$, below the hydrogen burning limit. We therefore confirm that the companion is most likely a massive brown dwarf., Comment: accepted to MNRAS, 25 pages

SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final dataset in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27,000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4,000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98%, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s$^{-1}$ (at $z=0.2$). Using the catalogue of 2,740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the three-dimensional map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to $z\sim0.6$. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to $z=0.6$. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues., Comment: 19 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

It is well known that reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei (AGN) reveals a relationship between AGN luminosity and the size of the broad-line region, and that use of this relationship, combined with the Doppler width of the broad emission line, enables an estimate of the mass of the black hole at the center of the active nucleus based on a single spectrum. An unresolved key issue is the choice of parameter used to characterize the line width, either FWHM or line dispersion (the square root of the second moment of the line profile). We argue here that use of FWHM introduces a bias, stretching the mass scale such that high masses are overestimated and low masses are underestimated. Here we investigate estimation of black hole masses in AGNs based on individual or "single epoch" observations, with a particular emphasis in comparing mass estimates based on line dispersion and FWHM. We confirm the recent findings that, in addition to luminosity and line width, a third parameter is required to obtain accurate masses and that parameter seems to be Eddington ratio. We present simplified empirical formulae for estimating black hole masses from the Hbeta 4861 A and C IV 1549 A emission lines. While the AGN continuum luminosity at 5100 A is usually used to predict the Hbeta reverberation lag, we show that the luminosity of the Hbeta broad component can be used instead without any loss of precision, thus eliminating the difficulty of accurately accounting for the host-galaxy contribution to the observed luminosity., Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Quasar broad emission lines are largely powered by photoionization from the accretion continuum. Increased central luminosity will enhance line emissivity in more distant clouds, leading to increased average distance of the broad-line-emitting clouds and decreased averaged line width, known as the broad-line region (BLR) "breathing". However, different lines breathe differently, and some high-ionization lines, such as C IV, can even show "anti-breathing" where the line broadens when luminosity increases. Using multi-year photometric and spectroscopic monitoring data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project, we quantify the breathing effect ($\Delta$log W=$\alpha\Delta$log L) of broad H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, Mg II, C IV, and C III] for statistical quasar samples over $z\approx 0.1-2.5$. We found that H$\beta$ displays the most consistent normal breathing expected from the virial relation ($\alpha\sim-0.25$), Mg II and H$\alpha$ on average show no breathing ($\alpha\sim 0$), and C IV (and similarly C III] and Si IV mostly shows anti-breathing ($\alpha>0$). The anti-breathing of C IV can be well understood by the presence of a non-varying core component in addition to a reverberating broad-base component, consistent with earlier findings. The deviation from canonical breathing introduces extra scatter (a luminosity-dependent bias) in single-epoch virial BH mass estimates due to intrinsic quasar variability, which underlies the long argued caveats of C IV single-epoch masses. Using the line dispersion instead of FWHM leads to less, albeit still substantial, deviations from canonical breathing in most cases. Our results strengthen the need for reverberation mapping to provide reliable quasar BH masses, and quantify the level of variability-induced bias in single-epoch BH masses based on various lines., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 34 pages, 26 figures

We present the results of a pilot Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging study of the host galaxies of ten quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Probing more than an order of magnitude in BH and stellar masses, our sample is the first statistical sample to study the BH-host correlations beyond z>0.3 with reliable BH masses from reverberation mapping rather than from single-epoch spectroscopy. We perform image decomposition in two HST bands (UVIS-F606W and IR-F110W) to measure host colors and estimate stellar masses using empirical relations between broad-band colors and the mass-to-light ratio. The stellar masses of our targets are mostly dominated by a bulge component. The BH masses and stellar masses of our sample broadly follow the same correlations found for local RM AGN and quiescent bulge-dominant galaxies, with no strong evidence of evolution in the M_BH-M_*,bulge relation to z~0.6. We further compare the host light fraction from HST imaging decomposition to that estimated from spectral decomposition. We found a good correlation between the host fractions derived with both methods. However, the host fraction derived from spectral decomposition is systematically smaller than that from imaging decomposition by ~30%, indicating different systematics in both approaches. This study paves the way for upcoming more ambitious host galaxy studies of quasars with direct RM-based BH masses at high redshift., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ

We present reverberation mapping results for the MgII 2800 A broad emission line in a sample of 193 quasars at 0.35

The Lyman-$\alpha$ (hereafter Ly-$\alpha$) forest is a probe of large-scale matter density fluctuations at high redshift, $z > 2.1$. It consists of HI absorption spectra along individual lines-of-sight. If the line-of-sight density is large enough, 3D maps of HI absorption can be inferred by tomographic reconstruction. In this article, we investigate the Ly-$\alpha$ forest available in the Stripe 82 field ($220\,\mathrm{deg^{2}}$), based on the quasar spectra from SDSS Data Release DR16. The density of observed quasar spectra is $37\,\mathrm{deg^{-2}}$ with a mean pixel signal-to-noise ratio of two per angstrom. This study provides an intermediate case between the average SDSS density and that of the much denser but smaller CLAMATO survey. We derive a 3D map of large-scale matter fluctuations from these data, using a Wiener filter technique. The total volume of the map is $0.94\,\mathrm{h^{-3} Gpc^{3}}$. Its resolution is $13\,\mathrm{h^{-1} Mpc}$, which is related to the mean transverse distance between nearest lines-of-sight. From this map, we provide a catalog of voids and protocluster candidates in the cosmic web. The map-making and void catalog are compared to simulated eBOSS Stripe 82 observations. A stack over quasar positions provides a visualization of the Ly-$\alpha$ quasar cross-correlation. This tomographic reconstruction constitutes the largest-volume high-redshift 3D map of matter fluctuations.

We look to provide a detailed description of the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS) survey, an SDSS-IV programme aimed at obtaining spectroscopic classification and redshift measurements for complete samples of sufficiently bright X-ray sources. We describe the SPIDERS X-ray Point Source Spectroscopic Catalogue, considering its store of 11,092 observed spectra drawn from a parent sample of 14,759 ROSAT and XMM sources over an area of 5,129 deg$^2$ covered in SDSS-IV by the eBOSS survey. This programme represents the largest systematic spectroscopic observation of an X-ray selected sample. A total of 10,970 (98.9\%) of the observed objects are classified and 10,849 (97.8\%) have secure redshifts. The majority of the spectra (10,070 objects) are active galactic nuclei (AGN), 522 are cluster galaxies, and 294 are stars. The observed AGN redshift distribution is in good agreement with simulations based on empirical models for AGN activation and duty cycle. Forming composite spectra of type 1 AGN as a function of the mass and accretion rate of their black holes reveals systematic differences in the H-beta emission line profiles. This study paves the way for systematic spectroscopic observations of sources that are potentially to be discovered in the upcoming eROSITA survey over a large section of the sky., Comment: accepted in A&A Please visit our project page : http://www.mpe.mpg.de/XraySurveys/SPIDERS The catalogs are here : https://data.sdss.org/sas/dr16/eboss/spiders/analysis/VAC_SPIDERS_2RXS_DR16.fits and https://data.sdss.org/sas/dr16/eboss/spiders/analysis/VAC_SPIDERS_XMMSL2_DR16.fits

We present Chandra observations of 2106 radio-quiet quasars in the redshift range 1.799.99% level) between $\alpha_{ox}$ and these emission-line parameters, as well as between $\Delta\alpha_{ox}$ and CIV EW. Slight correlations are found between $\Delta\alpha_{ox}$ and CIV blueshift, MgII EW, and the CIV EW to MgII EW ratio. The best-fit trend in each parameter space is used to compare the X-ray weakness ($\Delta\alpha_{ox}$) and optical/UV emission properties of typical quasars and weak-line quasars (WLQs). The WLQs typically exhibit weaker X-ray emission than predicted by the typical quasar relationships. The best-fit relationships for our typical quasars are consistent with predictions from the disk-wind quasar model. The behavior of the WLQs compared to our typical quasars can be explained by an X-ray "shielding" model., Comment: 24 pages, 16 Figures

High-resolution structural information on membrane proteins is essential for understanding cell biology and for structure-based design of new medical drugs and drug delivery strategies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) can provide {\AA}ngstrom-level information about the structure of membrane proteins. Ideally protein structures should be solved in environments as close to the original biological context as possible. However, it is virtually impossible to crystallize proteins within the complex environment of a biological membrane. Instead, membrane proteins are typically transferred from their native membrane environment into detergent micelles, chemically stabilized and crystallized, all of which can compromise the conformation. This makes it imperative to develop alternative high-resolution techniques which are compatible with biological conditions. Here, we describe how a combina-tion of surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy in model membranes and molecular dynamics simulations can account for the native membrane environment. We observe the structure of glycerol facilitator channel (GlpF), an aquaporin membrane channel finely tuned to selectively transport water and glycerol molecules across the membrane barrier. We find subtle but significant differences between the XRD structure and the in-ferred in situ structure of GlpF., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures

Results from a few decades of reverberation mapping (RM) studies have revealed a correlation between the radius of the broad-line emitting region (BLR) and the continuum luminosity of active galactic nuclei. This "radius-luminosity" relation enables survey-scale black-hole mass estimates across cosmic time, using relatively inexpensive single-epoch spectroscopy, rather than intensive RM time monitoring. However, recent results from newer reverberation mapping campaigns challenge this widely used paradigm, reporting quasar BLR sizes that differ significantly from the previously established radius-luminosity relation. Using simulations of the radius--luminosity relation with the observational parameters of SDSS-RM, we find that this difference is not likely due to observational biases. Instead, it appears that previous RM samples were biased to a subset of quasar properties, and the broader parameter space occupied by the SDSS-RM quasar sample has a genuinely wider range of BLR sizes. We examine the correlation between the deviations from the radius-luminosity relation and several quasar parameters; the most significant correlations indicate that the deviations depend on UV/optical SED and the relative amount of ionizing radiation. Our results indicate that single-epoch black-hole mass estimates that do not account for the diversity of quasars in the radius-luminosity relation could be overestimated by an average of ~0.3 dex., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to ApJ. Current version includes revisions after referee report

We investigate the performance of different methodologies that measure the time lag between broad-line and continuum variations in reverberation mapping data using simulated light curves that probe a range of cadence, time baseline, and signal-to-noise ratio in the flux measurements. We compare three widely-adopted lag measuring methods: the Interpolated Cross-Correlation Function (ICCF), the z-transformed Discrete Correlation Function (ZDCF) and the MCMC code JAVELIN, for mock data with qualities typical of multi-object spectroscopic reverberation mapping (MOS-RM) surveys that simultaneously monitor hundreds of quasars. We quantify the overall lag detection efficiency, the rate of false detections, and the quality of lag measurements for each of these methods and under different survey designs (e.g., observing cadence and depth) using mock quasar light curves. Overall JAVELIN and ICCF outperform ZDCF in essentially all tests performed. Compared with ICCF, JAVELIN produces higher quality lag measurements, is capable of measuring more lags with timescales shorter than the observing cadence, is less susceptible to seasonal gaps and S/N degradation in the light curves, and produces more accurate lag uncertainties. We measure the Hbeta broad-line region size-luminosity (R-L) relation with each method using the simulated light curves to assess the impact of selection effects of the design of MOS-RM surveys. The slope of the R-L relation measured by JAVELIN is the least biased among the three methods, and is consistent across different survey designs. These results demonstrate a clear preference for JAVELIN over the other two non-parametric methods for MOS-RM programs, particularly in the regime of limited light curve quality as expected from most MOS-RM programs., Comment: 22 pages, 34 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

We present the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) catalog for SPectroscoic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS) DR14 cluster program value-added catalog. We list the 416 BCGs identified as part of this process, along with their stellar mass, star formation rates, and morphological properties. We identified the BCGs based on the available spectroscopic data from SPIDERS and photometric data from SDSS. We computed stellar masses and SFRs of the BCGs on the basis of SDSS, WISE, and GALEX photometry using spectral energy distribution fitting. Morphological properties for all BCGs were derived by Sersic profile fitting using the software package SIGMA in different optical bands (g,r,i). We combined this catalog with the BCGs of galaxy groups and clusters extracted from the deeper AEGIS, CDFS, COSMOS, XMM-CFHTLS, and XMM-XXL surveys to study the stellar mass - halo mass relation using the largest sample of X-ray groups and clusters known to date. This result suggests that the mass growth of the central galaxy is controlled by the hierarchical mass growth of the host halo. We find a strong correlation between the stellar mass of BCGs and the mass of their host halos. This relation shows no evolution since z $\sim$ 0.65. We measure a mean scatter of 0.21 and 0.25 for the stellar mass of BCGs in a given halo mass at low ( $0.1

We investigate the effects of extended multi-year light curves (9-year photometry and 5-year spectroscopy) on the detection of time lags between the continuum variability and broad-line response of quasars at z>~1.5, and compare with the results using 4-year photometry+spectroscopy presented in a companion paper. We demonstrate the benefits of the extended light curves in three cases: (1) lags that are too long to be detected by the shorter-duration data but can be detected with the extended data; (2) lags that are recovered by the extended light curves but missed in the shorter-duration data due to insufficient light curve quality; and (3) lags for different broad line species in the same object. These examples demonstrate the importance of long-term monitoring for reverberation mapping to detect lags for luminous quasars at high-redshift, and the expected performance of the final dataset from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project that will have 11-year photometric and 7-year spectroscopic baselines., Comment: submitted to AAS journals; 9 pages

The attenuation of light in star forming galaxies is correlated with a multitude of physical parameters including star formation rate, metallicity and total dust content. This variation in attenuation is even more prevalent on the kiloparsec scale, which is relevant to many current spectroscopic integral field unit surveys. To understand the cause of this variation, we present and analyse \textit{Swift}/UVOT near-UV (NUV) images and SDSS/MaNGA emission-line maps of 29 nearby ($z<0.084$) star forming galaxies. We resolve kiloparsec-sized star forming regions within the galaxies and compare their optical nebular attenuation (i.e., the Balmer emission line optical depth, $\tau^l_B\equiv\tau_{\textrm{H}\beta}-\tau_{\textrm{H}\alpha}$) and NUV stellar continuum attenuation (via the NUV power-law index, $\beta$) to the attenuation law described by Battisti et al. The data agree with that model, albeit with significant scatter. We explore the dependence of the scatter of the $\beta$-$\tau^l_B$ measurements from the star forming regions on different physical parameters, including distance from the nucleus, star formation rate and total dust content. Finally, we compare the measured $\tau^l_B$ and $\beta$ between the individual star forming regions and the integrated galaxy light. We find a strong variation in $\beta$ between the kiloparsec scale and the larger galaxy scale not seen in $\tau^l_B$. We conclude that the sight-line dependence of UV attenuation and the reddening of $\beta$ due to the light from older stellar populations could contribute to the $\beta$-$\tau^l_B$ discrepancy., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS March 29, 2020

We present absorption variability results for 134 bona fide \mgii\ broad absorption line (BAL) quasars at 0.46~$\lesssim z \lesssim$~2.3 covering days to $\sim$ 10 yr in the rest frame. We use multiple-epoch spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which has delivered the largest such BAL-variability sample ever studied. \mgii-BAL identifications and related measurements are compiled and presented in a catalog. We find a remarkable time-dependent asymmetry in EW variation from the sample, such that weakening troughs outnumber strengthening troughs, the first report of such a phenomenon in BAL variability. Our investigations of the sample further reveal that (i) the frequency of BAL variability is significantly lower (typically by a factor of 2) than that from high-ionization BALQSO samples; (ii) \mgii\ BAL absorbers tend to have relatively high optical depths and small covering factors along our line of sight; (iii) there is no significant EW-variability correlation between \mgii\ troughs at different velocities in the same quasar; and (iv) the EW-variability correlation between \mgii\ and \aliii\ BALs is significantly stronger than that between \mgii\ and \civ\ BALs at the same velocities. These observational results can be explained by a combined transverse-motion/ionization-change scenario, where transverse motions likely dominate the strengthening BALs while ionization changes and/or other mechanisms dominate the weakening BALs., Comment: 24 pages, accepted for publication in ApJS

We present reverberation-mapping lags and black-hole mass measurements using the CIV 1549 broad emission line from a sample of 349 quasars monitored as a part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project. Our data span four years of spectroscopic and photometric monitoring for a total baseline of 1300 days. We report significant time delays between the continuum and the CIV 1549 emission line in 52 quasars, with an estimated false-positive detection rate of 10%. Our analysis of marginal lag measurements indicates that there are on the order of 100 additional lags that should be recoverable by adding more years of data from the program. We use our measurements to calculate black-hole masses and fit an updated CIV radius-luminosity relationship. Our results significantly increase the sample of quasars with CIV RM results, with the quasars spanning two orders of magnitude in luminosity toward the high-luminosity end of the CIV radius-luminosity relation. In addition, these quasars are located at among the highest redshifts (z~1.4-2.8) of quasars with black hole masses measured with reverberation mapping. This work constitutes the first large sample of CIV reverberation-mapping measurements in more than a dozen quasars, demonstrating the utility of multi-object reverberation mapping campaigns., Comment: 42 pages (incl. 21 pages of tables): 12 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to AAS journals. Figures 8 and 12 are sets that will be provided in the online published version of the article, and the tables will also be provided fully online

We report the discovery of disappearance of Mg ii, Al iii, C iv, and Si iv broad absorption lines (BALs) at the same velocity, accompanied by a new Civ BAL emerging at a higher velocity, in the quasar J0827+4252 at z = 2.038. This is the first report of BAL disappearance (i) over Mg ii, Al iii, C iv, and Si iv ions and (ii) in a weak emission-line quasar (WLQ). The discovery is based on four spectra from the SDSS and one follow-up spectrum from HET/LRS2. The simultaneous Civ BAL disappearance and emergence at different velocities, together with no variations in the CRTS light curve, indicate that ionization changes in the absorbing material are unlikely to cause the observed BAL variability. Our analyses reveal that transverse motion is the most likely dominant driver of the BAL disappearance/emergence. Given the presence of mildly relativistic BAL outflows and an apparently large C iv emission-line blueshift that is likely associated with strong bulk outflows in this WLQ, J0827+4252 provides a notable opportunity to study extreme quasar winds and their potential in expelling material from inner to large-scale regions., Comment: Published in 2019 ApJL, 870, 2

We systematically investigate short-timescale ($<$10-day rest-frame) CIV broad absorption-line (BAL) variability to constrain quasar-wind properties and provide insights into BAL-variability mechanisms in quasars. We employ data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project, as the rapid cadence of these observations provides a novel opportunity to probe BAL variability on shorter rest-frame timescales than have previously been explored. In a sample of 27 quasars with a median of 58 spectral epochs per quasar, we have identified 15 quasars ($55^{+18}_{-14}$%), 19 of 37 CIV BAL troughs ($51^{+15}_{-12}$%), and 54 of 1460 epoch pairs ($3.7 \pm 0.5$%) that exhibit significant CIV BAL equivalent-width variability on timescales of less than 10 days in the quasar rest frame. These frequencies indicate that such variability is common among quasars and BALs, though somewhat rare among epoch pairs. Thus, models describing BALs and their behavior must account for variability on timescales down to less than a day in the quasar rest frame. We also examine a variety of spectral characteristics and find that in some cases, BAL variability is best described by ionization-state changes, while other cases are more consistent with changes in covering fraction or column density. We adopt a simple model to constrain the density and radial distance of two outflows appearing to vary by ionization-state changes, yielding outflow density lower limits consistent with previous work., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

In deep X-ray surveys, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with a broad range of luminosities have been identified. However, cosmologically distant low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN, $L_{\mathrm{X}} \lesssim 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$) identification still poses a challenge due to significant contamination from host galaxies. Based on the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey, the longest timescale ($\sim 17$ years) deep X-ray survey to date, we utilize an X-ray variability selection technique to search for LLAGNs that remain unidentified among the CDF-S X-ray sources. We find 13 variable sources from 110 unclassified CDF-S X-ray sources. Except for one source which could be an ultraluminous X-ray source, the variability of the remaining 12 sources is most likely due to accreting supermassive black holes. These 12 AGN candidates have low intrinsic X-ray luminosities, with a median value of $7 \times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$. They are generally not heavily obscured, with an average effective power-law photon index of 1.8. The fraction of variable AGNs in the CDF-S is independent of X-ray luminosity and is only restricted by the total number of observed net counts, confirming previous findings that X-ray variability is a near-ubiquitous property of AGNs over a wide range of luminosities. There is an anti-correlation between X-ray luminosity and variability amplitude for high-luminosity AGNs, but as the luminosity drops to $\lesssim 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, the variability amplitude no longer appears dependent on the luminosity. The entire observed luminosity-variability trend can be roughly reproduced by an empirical AGN variability model based on a broken power-law power spectral density function., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

We report on an X-ray and optical/UV study of eight Broad Absorption Line (BAL) to non-BAL transforming quasars at $z\,\approx\,$1.7-2.2 over 0.29-4.95 rest-frame years with at least three spectroscopic epochs for each quasar from the SDSS, BOSS, $Gemini$, and ARC 3.5-m telescopes. New $Chandra$ observations obtained for these objects show their values of $\alpha_{\rm ox}$ and $\Delta{\alpha}_{\rm ox}$, as well as their spectral energy distributions, are consistent with those of non-BAL quasars. Moreover, our targets have X-ray spectral shapes that are, on average, consistent with weakened absorption with an effective power-law photon index of $\Gamma_{\rm eff}\,=\,1.69^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$. The newer $Gemini$ and ARC 3.5-m spectra reveal that the BAL troughs have remained absent since the BOSS observations where the BAL disappearance was discovered. The X-ray and optical/UV results in tandem are consistent with at least the X-ray absorbing material moving out of the line-of-sight, leaving an X-ray unabsorbed non-BAL quasar. The UV absorber might have become more highly ionized (in a shielding-gas scenario) or also moved out of the line-of-sight (in a wind-clumping scenario)., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

We present X-ray and multiwavelength analyses of 32 weak emission-line quasars (WLQs) selected in a consistent and unbiased manner. New $Chandra$ 3.1-4.8 ks observations were obtained for 14 of these WLQs with C IV rest-frame equivalent widths (REWs) of 5-15 \r{A}, and these serve as an X-ray observational "bridge" between previously studied WLQs with C IV REW $\lesssim$ 5 \r{A} and more-typical quasars with C IV REW $\approx$ 15-100 \r{A}. We have identified and quantified a strong dependence of the fraction of X-ray weak quasars upon C IV REW; this fraction declines by a factor of $\approx 13$ (from $\approx 44$% to $\approx 3$%) for C IV REW ranging from 4-50 \r{A}, and the rate of decline appears particularly strong in the 10-20 \r{A} range. The dependence broadly supports the proposed "shielding" model for WLQs, in which a geometrically and optically thick inner accretion disk, expected for a quasar accreting at a high Eddington ratio, both prevents ionizing EUV/X-ray photons from reaching the high-ionization broad emission-line region and also sometimes blocks the line-of-sight to the central X-ray emitting region. This model is also supported by the hard average spectral shape of X-ray weak WLQs (with a power-law effective photon index of $\Gamma_{\rm eff}=1.19^{+0.56}_{-0.45}$). Additionally, we have examined UV continuum/emission-line properties that might trace X-ray weakness among WLQs, confirming that red UV continuum color is the most-effective tracer., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS