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In Swedish school health services, local initiatives have been taken to use physical activity on prescription (PAP) to encourage physically inactive children to become more active. Previous research shows that interprofessional collaboration plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity in children, as well as in promoting health in schools. However, there is a lack of knowledge about PAP for children in the school setting, including how medical and educational staff can work together to encourage children who have been recommended PAP. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers concerning interprofessional collaboration regarding physical activity on prescription in the school setting, as viewed from the professionals' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 professionals who work with the method in school settings. The data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The results reveal both barriers and facilitators for interprofessional collaboration on PAP in the school setting, as perceived by professionals. Organizational and structural obstacles within school institutions hinder collaboration, while a shared commitment to PAP, characterized by consensus-building, acts as a facilitating factor. PAP for children in a school setting is still an unexplored area and further research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hearing loss in children is a global concern. Early identification and intervention are critical for minimising the adverse effects of hearing loss. Despite the implementation of hearing screening programmes in Saudi Arabia, more research is needed on the audiological profiles of first-grade students. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the audiological profile of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia and to raise awareness among parents, schools, and decision-makers about the need for hearing screening programs and the implementation of an effective monitoring and management system in the country. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the audiological profile of 308 first-grade students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry. Additionally, two questionnaire-based assessments, one for parents and one for the home teacher, were developed to predict students who failed PTA. Results: Among the students screened, 26.3% failed PTA. Tympanometry identified abnormal middle ear function in 30.5% of the students. The discrimination capacity of both questionnaires in identifying students who failed PTA screening was poor. Conclusion: A 26.3% prevalence rate of PTA screening failure, and a 30.5% of middle ear pathologies were noted. Both parent and teacher questionnaires were ineffective tools for identifying hearing loss among first-grade children who failed PTA screening. Contribution: This pilot study recommends that primary schools incorporate hearing screening as a regular practice of their preventative healthcare system. The study emphasises the importance of establishing international standards for school-based hearing screening to enhance its efficacy and develop more effective hearing screening questionnaires.

In Swedish school health services, local initiatives have been taken to use physical activity on prescription (PAP) to encourage physically inactive children to become more active. Previous research shows that interprofessional collaboration plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity in children, as well as in promoting health in schools. However, there is a lack of knowledge about PAP for children in the school setting, including how medical and educational staff can work together to encourage children who have been recommended PAP. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers concerning interprofessional collaboration regarding physical activity on prescription in the school setting, as viewed from the professionals’ perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 professionals who work with the method in school settings. The data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The results reveal both barriers and facilitators for interprofessional collaboration on PAP in the school setting, as perceived by professionals. Organizational and structural obstacles within school institutions hinder collaboration, while a shared commitment to PAP, characterized by consensus-building, acts as a facilitating factor. PAP for children in a school setting is still an unexplored area and further research is required.

Aims: There is a paucity of data regarding the care and support provided by Norwegian school health services to siblings of children with complex care needs. Public health nurses are an integral part of these universal services, which focus on health promotion and disease prevention in primary and secondary schools. This study aimed to explore health promotion interventions by public health nurses for siblings in Norwegian schools and to identify regional differences. Methods: An online national questionnaire was distributed to Norwegian public health nurses and leaders of public health nursing services (N = 487). The questions were related to how the nurses support siblings of children with complex care needs. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. An inductive thematic analysis of free‐text comments was conducted. Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Results: The majority of public health nursing leaders (67%) reported that the services in their municipality had no system to identify siblings or to provide them with routine care. However, 26% of public health nurses reported that routine support was provided to siblings. Regional differences were identified. Study Limitations: This study included responses from 487 PHNs from all four health regions in Norway. The study design is limited and gives a brief outline of the current situation. Further data are needed to provide in‐depth knowledge. Conclusions: This survey provides important knowledge for health authorities and professionals working with siblings, about inadequate support and regional differences in care provided to siblings by school health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students have the right to receive education about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The United Nations Agenda 2030 for sustainable development includes goals regarding SRHR, including the right to universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services and gender equality. The study used a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. The results are presented in three categories and nine subcategories. The categories were "having an open attitude," "organizational prerequisites," and "challenging tasks." An open attitude was required to create confidence for both school nurses and students in SRHR conversations. Organizational prerequisites, such as planning SRHR education with others, were successful. Multicultural meetings and conversations regarding gender identity and sexual orientation were challenging tasks. Increased knowledge of SRHR and national standardized guidelines are suggested to achieve Agenda 2030 SRHR goals and to ensure equity in school health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background There are a substantial number of children who are the next of kin of parents suffering from illness or substance abuse. These children can experience emotional and behavioral problems and may need support from professionals. In Norway, the specialist health service in hospitals is required to have a designated practitioner in each department to ensure support for and follow up of children who are next of kin; however, this is not regulated by law in the health care in the municipalities. The aim of this study was to explore public health nurse’s experiences working with children who are next of kin. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 public health nurses working in the child health clinic and the school health service in four municipalities. Data were analysed using content analysis. Reporting of this study is conducted in accordance to COREQ’s checklist. Results The analysis resulted in one main theme: ‘Lack of guidelines and routines among public health nurses working with children who are next of kin’. The main theme consisted of four categories: (1) identifying children who are next of kin are incidental; (2) public health nurses must be observant and willing to act; (3) communication is an important tool; and (4) follow up over time is not always provided. Conclusion The public health nurses experienced uncertainty concerning how to identify and follow up children who are next of kin but were vigilant and willing to act in the children’s best interest. Doing so necessitated collaboration with other professionals. The need for guidelines around the role and responsibilities for the public health nurse were emphasized. The knowledge provided by the current study offers valuable insight into strengths and limitations in the support of children who are next of kin and can inform stakeholders in organizing sustainable support for this group.

Background: There are a substantial number of children who are the next of kin of parents suffering from illness or substance abuse. These children can experience emotional and behavioral problems and may need support from professionals. In Norway, the specialist health service in hospitals is required to have a designated practitioner in each department to ensure support for and follow up of children who are next of kin; however, this is not regulated by law in the health care in the municipalities. The aim of this study was to explore public health nurse's experiences working with children who are next of kin.Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 public health nurses working in the child health clinic and the school health service in four municipalities. Data were analysed using content analysis. Reporting of this study is conducted in accordance to COREQ's checklist.Results: The analysis resulted in one main theme: 'Lack of guidelines and routines among public health nurses working with children who are next of kin'. The main theme consisted of four categories: (1) identifying children who are next of kin are incidental; (2) public health nurses must be observant and willing to act; (3) communication is an important tool; and (4) follow up over time is not always provided.Conclusion: The public health nurses experienced uncertainty concerning how to identify and follow up children who are next of kin but were vigilant and willing to act in the children's best interest. Doing so necessitated collaboration with other professionals. The need for guidelines around the role and responsibilities for the public health nurse were emphasized. The knowledge provided by the current study offers valuable insight into strengths and limitations in the support of children who are next of kin and can inform stakeholders in organizing sustainable support for this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:  Hearing loss in children is a global concern. Early identification and intervention are critical for minimising the adverse effects of hearing loss. Despite the implementation of hearing screening programmes in Saudi Arabia, more research is needed on the audiological profiles of first-grade students., Objectives:  This study aimed to characterize the audiological profile of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia and to raise awareness among parents, schools, and decision-makers about the need for hearing screening programs and the implementation of an effective monitoring and management system in the country., Method:  This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the audiological profile of 308 first-grade students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry. Additionally, two questionnaire-based assessments, one for parents and one for the home teacher, were developed to predict students who failed PTA., Results:  Among the students screened, 26.3% failed PTA. Tympanometry identified abnormal middle ear function in 30.5% of the students. The discrimination capacity of both questionnaires in identifying students who failed PTA screening was poor., Conclusion:  A 26.3% prevalence rate of PTA screening failure, and a 30.5% of middle ear pathologies were noted. Both parent and teacher questionnaires were ineffective tools for identifying hearing loss among first-grade children who failed PTA screening.Contribution: This pilot study recommends that primary schools incorporate hearing screening as a regular practice of their preventative healthcare system. The study emphasises the importance of establishing international standards for school-based hearing screening to enhance its efficacy and develop more effective hearing screening questionnaires.

Background: Children who spend large part of their lives in primary schools are exposed to varieties of hazards like physical injuries, infections, nutritional and emotional problems. School age is a period of rapid physical and mental developments. Children require healthy environments for appropriate adjustments to benefit maximally from educational systems. School Health Services were established to ensure healthy members of school community. Teachers play major roles in promotion and successful implementation of programmes. This study examined the knowledge, attitude and involvement of public primary school teachers on school health services. Methodology: This was cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 24 public primary schools in Isiala-Ngwa LGA, Abia State. All the public primary school teachers (264) in the LGA were studied. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26 and presented in frequency tables. Chi-square was used to test association between categorical variables. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Ages of participants were normally distributed with mean, median, mode and standard deviation being 35.7, 35.5, 35.5 and 8.87 respectively. From the findings, 169 (64%) respondents had good knowledge, 120 (38.6%) had positive attitude to school health services while 72 (27.3%) had good involvement. There was statistically significant difference between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of school health services and attitude towards school health services except for qualification of teachers and knowledge of and attitude. There was statistically significant difference between sociodemographic characteristics and involvement of health services except for teachers' residential area. Conclusion: The respondents had good knowledge but poor attitude and involvement to school health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of new legislation on School Health Services (SHS) in Flanders (Belgium), nurses lead a preventive consultation with every three-year-old child and its parent(s), with the aim of assessing risks in child development and potential parenting problems. This study assesses the feasibility of the "Structured Problem Analysis of Raising kids aged 36 months" (SPARK36), a broad-scope structured interview to facilitate such consultations. A feasibility study was conducted with SHS nurses across Flanders, to determine need for this instrument, acceptability and practical feasibility of SPARK36 with both parents and professionals. Nurses were trained to use the instrument. Mixed methods (i.e., questionnaires for both parents and nurses, and a focus group interview with nurses) were used to evaluate the feasibility of using SPARK36. Parents were satisfied (97.0%) with what was discussed during the consultation and with the consultation's structure (98.8%). After the training, all 20 nurses felt strengthened in performing the consultation and in making a risk assessment. The interview was feasible in 20–30 min. During 561 interviews nurses gave parenting support in 88.2% of cases. SPARK36 is acceptable, practically feasible for parents and nurses, and it meets needs of both parties. The instrument supports nurses during their consultation. More research is needed to evaluate the instrument and to prepare its implementation in daily practice. SPARK36 is a promising instrument for nurse-led consultations in the SHS setting. • Nurses can perform an interview with parents of 3-year-olds to assess risks in child development and parenting problems. • SPARK36 is a broad-scope structured interview that guides nurses' assessment. • SPARK36 uses a collaborative approach with parents which strengthens them in their parental task. • Nurses feel empowered in their task by using SPARK36. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health problems among adolescents have become a public health issue in Norway. However, few adolescent boys seek help for their mental health problems. This study focus on adolescent boys’ experiences related to visiting the public health nurse for mental health problems. Twelve adolescent boys were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The theme identified from the data was: overcoming barriers to reach for a helping hand. The theme consisted of four categories: the public health nurse must be accessible; breaking the norm is a prerequisite for the adolescent boys to talk about mental health problems; ensuring that confidentiality is respected; and the public health nurse is a trustworthy person who can open up for new perspectives. The adolescent boys experienced barriers to visiting the public health nurse. When they had crossed these barriers, the visit was experienced as positive.

Background: Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a worldwide issue of concern. Health professionals who have sufficient competency in mental health issues are crucial for responding to this situation. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the competency in mental health issues required by the work of public health nurses in child health clinics and school health services. Methods: This qualitative, descriptive study was conducted with focus group interviews in March 2018. The sample consisted of public health nurses (n = 24) who were working in child health clinics or school health services in Finland. The data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analysis. Results: The competency in mental health issues required by the work of public health nurses was formulated from the identified strengths and topics required in continuing education. In total, 18 competencies were identified as covering mental health promotion, as well as the alleviation and treatment of symptoms and disorders. Intuitive and interpersonal competency was identified as the main strength of public health nurses. The theoretical and evidence‐based competency regarding mental health issues was identified as a main topic needed in continuing education. Conclusion: Public health nurses in child health clinics and school health services need competency in mental health issues for the promotion of mental health, the alleviation of symptoms and treatment of disorders. The results indicate that good interactional skills are not enough: the current competency of public health nurses in mental health issues is insufficient and does not meet the requirements of the work. The results were consistent with existing knowledge, but also provide a more comprehensive and precise insight into the current situation. In the future, the results should be verified with more studies. There is also a need for intervention studies aiming to improve competency in mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is essential to develop relevant human resources and sustainable training systems to promote school health. Methods: This paper reviewed the structure of human resources and relevant training systems for school health in Japan and identified current strengths and challenges. Results: Our review identified seven key points: (i) a legal basis for the allocation of human resources to schools; (ii) established training systems for school health human resources; (iii) uniformity and quality of teacher training curricula; (iv) establishment of teacher‐training institutions; (v) education centers in every prefecture; (vi) allocation of supervisors for Yogo teachers to every prefectural and municipal education board; and (vii) various study group activities at the district and school levels. Conclusions: Based on these results, we proposed some useful ideas for developing human resources to promote school health in countries outside Japan, especially for developing countries. First, it is necessary to clarify the required competencies for school health among school staff and establish teacher‐training systems based on the required competencies in each country. It is also necessary to consider possible collaboration with existing community health workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, nutritionists, and community health workers by providing short‐term training on school health. Second, it is important to train and assign specialists to teacher‐training institutions that can provide education and conduct research on school health. Third, it is helpful to enhance the functions of in‐service training at the prefectural or district level and introduce lesson study on school health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chatbots represent new opportunities for low-threshold preventive mental health support to youths. To provide needed knowledge regarding how to design chatbots for this purpose, we present an exploratory design study where we designed and evaluated a prototype chatbot to complement the work of school nurses in the school health service. The prototype was designed with particular regard for preventive mental health support. The design process involved school nurses, digital health workers, and youths. Through user insight activities, we identified four types of support to be provided through the chatbot: informational, relational, processual, and referral. We explored these four types of support through concept development and prototyping. These results are discussed as a potential basis for a framework for understanding youths' needs regarding chatbots for preventive mental health support. When discussing the study findings, we point out how the study contributes to theory and practice and suggest avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health problems among adolescents have become a public health issue in Norway. However, few adolescent boys seek help for their mental health problems. This study focus on adolescent boys' experiences related to visiting the public health nurse for mental health problems. Twelve adolescent boys were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The theme identified from the data was: overcoming barriers to reach for a helping hand. The theme consisted of four categories: the public health nurse must be accessible; breaking the norm is a prerequisite for the adolescent boys to talk about mental health problems; ensuring that confidentiality is respected; and the public health nurse is a trustworthy person who can open up for new perspectives. The adolescent boys experienced barriers to visiting the public health nurse. When they had crossed these barriers, the visit was experienced as positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daytime sleepiness and different symptoms are common problems affecting health and well-being of schoolchildren. This population-based cohort study included 568 children who were followed from ages 10 to 15 years. Daytime sleepiness, headache, abdominal pain, and psychological symptoms (depression, irritability or bad temper, nervousness, anxiety, and dejection) were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of frequent daytime sleepiness was 13% at the ages of 10 and 12 years and increased significantly up to 24% at the age of 15 (p <.0001). Daytime sleepiness as well as psychological symptoms were positively associated with headache and abdominal pain from ages 10 to 15 years. Headache in girls at the ages of 10 predicted the occurrence of headache at the age of 15. School nurses and other professionals need to understand the importance of a holistic evaluation of sleep and different symptoms in children. There is also a need for interventions targeting several co-occurring symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This protocol describes a randomised controlled trial where additional school nurse resources are assigned to work systemically with schools. • The additional school nurse resource should work to improve the school environment and reduce bullying and absence for 5th to 7th grade students. • Approximately 9000 students participate each year from 2018 to 2020 in 107 schools located in 12 Norwegian municipalities. • Academic performance is studied as a secondary outcome. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial where additional school nurse resources are assigned to work systemically with schools to improve the school environment and reduce bullying among and absence of 5th–7th grade students. Approximately 9000 students will have participated each year from 2018 to 2020 from 107 schools located in 12 Norwegian municipalities. Academic performance is studied as a secondary outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify and describe scientific evidences on educational activities undertaken by the School Health Program. Integrative review, coupled to bibliographical survey, between 2014 and 2018, based on electronic data with regard to publication in health. Survey pinpointed twelve articles on the following items: cartographic study of the school, the use of web radio with students, students´ knowledge on pollution, perception of educators with regard to inclusive education, feeding and nutrition in school, nursing within the school context, audition health promotion, children´s dysphonia, first aid to students, intersecting practices and labor accidents among students. Health education is the main strategy to attend to positive indexes with regard to health promotion and prevention of diseases among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore and describe how public health nurses (PHNs) perceive the implementation of national guidelines for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in well-baby clinics and school health services. Design, sample, and measurements: An explorative descriptive design was carried out through individual interviews with 18 PHNs and analysed according to the phenomenographic tradition. Results: Four implementation strategies were described and assigned a metaphor: the structured PHN, pragmatic PHN, critical PHN, and the resigned PHN. Competence, patient receptiveness, internal consensus, interdisciplinary collaboration, resources, and organizational embedding were the determinants identified that most frequently affect implementation, and these determinants were distributed at different levels of the organization. The extent of facilitation seemed to determine which implementation strategy would be used. Conclusions: How PHNs implemented the guidelines for overweight and obesity were affected by determinants at different organizational levels. Contextual facilitation of implementation seemed better in larger organizations, but factors such as leadership, drive, and experience compensated in smaller municipalities. The implementation of guidelines was hindered when the barriers exceeded the benefits.

Background: The physical environment has an impact on wellbeing. School nurses can use this to promote students' health. Aim: The aim of this study is to elucidate school nurses' perceptions of using the physical environment at their office, as a tool in nursing. Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted with five Swedish school nurses, using semi-structured questions. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories (offering a health environment for wellbeing, being present in the environment for the children and using the environment for health education) and six subcategories emerged during analysis. Conclusions: School nurses made their office a place for wellbeing by using it for health information, as a sanctuary and as an environment that supports children's need for integrity. How the school nurses used their environment depended on their personality. Obstacles included people in the school who had little knowledge of what school nurses' work consists of and also the difficulty of appearing available to the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: School health service in Sweden has transformed into medical expertise of pupils' health to emphasise that there are other professions in school who work with health. To promote health and prevent illness, health dialogues is used by school nurses. Aim: To explore school nurse's perception of health dialogues with pupils as well as the use of it as an instrument to promote health and prevent illness on different levels. Method: A questionnaire was constructed, it consisted of multiple choice questions that were evaluated by frequency analysis and open-ended questions, which were categorised. Result: Progression of using aggregated data was identified. Major knowledge of making health dialogues an opportunity for promoting health and preventing illness was confirmed. Conclusions: Aggregated data was presented to pupil health teams in a higher degree than before and activities were taken to support health on different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic drastically shifted the public health burden onto the school health system. We, therefore, explored the school nurses' experiences and needs for confronting the pandemic in school settings across Korea. This qualitative investigation enrolled 30 participants after their written consent. A written interview conducted through email and focus group interviews using an online meeting application verified participants' opinions and experiences. Collected data were subjected to text-mining and content analysis. The school nurse was found to be responsible for many tasks, including education on preventive measures with unclear quarantine guidelines. Content analysis identified three key themes: "aggravated difficulties owing to lack of support resulted in burnout," "reflection on supportive resources; direct provisions were helpful," and "needs and suggestions to safeguard students' health in the event of another pandemic." Recommendations should all be considered to keep schools and students safe from future pandemics.

Background School-based injuries are an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence as well as outcomes of school-based injuries at a public primary and secondary school. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved 2956 students enrolled at a public primary and secondary school in the central district of Kocaeli province in Turkey from the academic year 2010-2011 to 2013-2014. The data were collected by intern public health nurses at school health units using a school-based injury form. Results The total incidence of school-based injuries during 4 academic years was 10.52% person-year. The majority of the injured students were aged 10-15 years (73.3%), and boys (65%). Around one-tenth of the injuries were serious, such as burn, fracture-dislocation and soft-tissue injuries. Outdoor injuries were more prevalent for girls while boys had more indoor injuries (50.5%, 53.0%, P > 0.05). The number of the incidence of ≥two injuries increased as the academic year progressed, and there was a weak positive association between the variables ( P < 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.311). One out of six injuries were intentional, with the highest incidence in the 6-9 year age group (20.5%) and boys sex (19.8%; P > 0.05). Conclusions School-based injuries at primary and secondary school still challenge the health as well as the security of the students. © 2016 Japan Pediatric Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objectives: School health services play an important role to address the health needs of children. It ensures good current and future health and improves educational outcomes by increasing enrolment. But these are one of the most neglected services due to lack of awareness.A comparative study of basic health services provided in schools was conducted to find out the attitude of teachers in providing these services and imparting health education. Material and methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 5 government schools and 5 private schools in Bhopal city. Results: None of the schools had a medical officer. Health of children was assessed at the time of admission in only 20% of the schools. Periodic health checkups were done in 80% government schools and 100% of private schools. Health record was maintained in 60% government and 40% private schools. Deficiencies were also noted in availability of nutritious food in school premises, per capita classroom space, student teacher ratio, lavatories and safe drinking water. Heath education as a subject was included in only 1 private school. Conclusion: Most of the schools are lacking in services related to health of children and there is dire need to improve the condition in both government and private sector.

Objective: To describe the concerns and modes of action of Finnish school nurses during pupils’ health check-ups. Methods: Focus group interviews with 17 school nurses were performed in 2011 and again in 2013. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results: School nurses’ concerns were mostly associated with the psychosocial development of pupils and with problems in the family, for example, the loss of a parental role. With regard to physical health, school nurses were particularly concerned with obesity among pupils. The new phenomenon of cyberbullying also caused concern. School nurses were able to identify the causes for their concern at school health check-ups, but they were uncertain regarding how they should act and finding the right mode of action and sufficient multidisciplinary support when pupils had problems. Conclusion: The concern of school nurses at health check-ups was mainly associated with pupils’ health habits, their psychosocial development and family characteristics, and with addressing the need to taking the health behaviours and well-being of the entire family into consideration during health check-ups. Linked-up processes in school health care and multidisciplinary collaboration within schools are of primary importance in supporting the work of nurses and in promoting pupils’ well-being and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]