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1. On-farm hatching and contact with adult hen post hatch induce sex-dependent effects on performance, health and robustness in broiler chickens

Author

Guilloteau, Laurence A, Bertin, Aline, Crochet, Sabine, Bagnard, Charlotte, Hondelatte, Alice, Ravon, Laure, Schouler, Catherine, Germain, Karine, and Collin, Anne

Subjects
Archaeology, CC1-960, Science
Abstract

To improve the early perinatal conditions of broiler chicks, alternative hatching systems have been developed. On-farm hatching (OFH) with an enriched microbial and stimulating environment by the presence of an adult hen is a promising solution. Day-old chicks were allotted within five hatching and rearing conditions: OFH, conventional hatchery (CH), CH and post-hatching treatment with antibiotics (CH + AB), as well as both hatching systems with an adult hen at hatching (OFH + H, CH + H). To challenge the robustness of chickens, they were exposed on D27 to suboptimal rearing conditions by combining for 4 h transport in boxes in a new room at a lower temperature and fasting. On their return to the original room, the chicken density was increased, and birds were orally vaccinated with the Gumboro vaccine. The impacts of these conditions on hatchability, chick quality score, performance, health and robustness were determined. The OFH chick body weights (BWs) were significantly greater than those of CH chicks at hatching. Whereas there was no effect of hatching conditions, the presence of hens decreased the hatchability rate, the quality score of OFH chicks and increased mortality at hatching. Treatment of CH chicks with antibiotics (CH + AB) temporarily decreased chicken BW at D19, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not modified. At D19, OFH chicks had the highest BW compared to the other groups, and the presence of hens at hatching harmed chicken BW regardless of the hatching condition and FCR. An interaction between the effect of experimental rearing conditions and chicken sex was observed later for BW. In males, the OFH chickens were the heaviest compared to the other groups at D34 but not at D56. The presence of hens negatively impacted CH chicken BW at D56. In females, there was no effect of hatching condition on the BWs at D34 and D56, and the presence of hens had a positive impact on OFH chicken BW. There was no effect of hatching conditions on health parameters. In conclusion, the OFH system was a hatching system at least equivalent to the CH system. The presence of the hen at hatching and during the chick start-up phase on performance interacted with the hatching condition and the sex of the chickens.

Published
2024
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2. Aquatic environment drives the emergence of cell wall-deficient dormant forms in Listeria

Author

Carvalho, Filipe, Carreaux, Alexis, Sartori-Rupp, Anna, Tachon, Stéphane, Gazi, Anastasia D., Courtin, Pascal, Nicolas, Pierre, Dubois-Brissonnet, Florence, Barbotin, Aurélien, Desgranges, Emma, Bertrand, Matthieu, Gloux, Karine, Schouler, Catherine, Carballido-López, Rut, Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre, Milohanic, Eliane, Bierne, Hélène, and Pagliuso, Alessandro

Published
2024
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8. Setting-up a fast and reliable cytokinin biosensor based on a plant histidine kinase receptor expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author

Daudu, Dimitri, Kisiala, Anna, Werner Ribeiro, Carolina, Mélin, Céline, Perrot, Laura, Clastre, Marc, Courdavault, Vincent, Papon, Nicolas, Oudin, Audrey, Courtois, Martine, Dugé de Bernonville, Thomas, Gaucher, Matthieu, Degrave, Alexandre, Lanoue, Arnaud, Lanotte, Philippe, Schouler, Catherine, Brisset, Marie-Noëlle, Emery, R.J. Neil, Pichon, Olivier, Carpin, Sabine, Giglioli-Guivarc’h, Nathalie, Crèche, Joël, Besseau, Sébastien, and Glévarec, Gaëlle

Published
2019
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11. Research Note: Intestinal avian defensin 2 and robustness of chicks

Author

Coustard, Sonia Métayer, primary, Rossignol, Christelle, additional, Collin, Anne, additional, Blanc, Fany, additional, Lallier, Nathalie, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Duval, Elisabeth Le Bihan, additional, Travel, Angelique, additional, and Lalmanach, Anne-Christine, additional

Published
2023
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13. The caecal microbiota promotes the acute inflammatory response and the loss of the intestinal barrier integrity during severe Eimeria tenella infection

Author

Tomal, Florian, primary, Sadrin, Guillaume, additional, Gaboriaud, Pauline, additional, Guitton, Edouard, additional, Sedano, Laura, additional, Lallier, Nathalie, additional, Rossignol, Christelle, additional, Larcher, Thibaut, additional, Rouille, Elodie, additional, Ledevin, Mireille, additional, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, additional, Silvestre, Anne, additional, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Laurent, Fabrice, additional, and Bussière, Françoise I., additional

Published
2023
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19. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Phage Collection against Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Author

Nicolas, Marianne, Trotereau, Angélina, Culot, Antoine, Moodley, Arshnee, Atterbury, Robert, Wagemans, Jeroen, Lavigne, Rob, Velge, Philippe, Schouler, Catherine, Nicolas, Marianne, Trotereau, Angélina, Culot, Antoine, Moodley, Arshnee, Atterbury, Robert, Wagemans, Jeroen, Lavigne, Rob, Velge, Philippe, and Schouler, Catherine

Abstract

The increase in antibiotic-resistant avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), the causative agent of colibacillosis in poultry, warrants urgent research and the development of alternative therapies. This study describes the isolation and characterization of 19 genetically diverse, lytic coliphages, 8 of which were tested in combination for their efficacy in controlling in ovo APEC infections. Genome homology analysis revealed that the phages belong to nine different genera, one of them being a novel genus (Nouzillyvirus). One phage, REC, was derived from a recombination event between two Phapecoctavirus phages (ESCO5 and ESCO37) isolated in this study. Twenty-six of the 30 APEC strains tested were lysed by at least one phage. Phages exhibited varying infectious capacities, with narrow to broad host ranges. The broad host range of some phages could be partially explained by the presence of receptor-binding protein carrying a polysaccharidase domain. To demonstrate their therapeutic potential, a phage cocktail consisting of eight phages belonging to eight different genera was tested against BEN4358, an APEC O2 strain. In vitro, this phage cocktail fully inhibited the growth of BEN4358. In a chicken lethality embryo assay, the phage cocktail enabled 90% of phage-treated embryos to survive infection with BEN4358, compared with 0% of nontreated embryos, indicating that these novel phages are good candidates to successfully treat colibacillosis in poultry. IMPORTANCE Colibacillosis, the most common bacterial disease affecting poultry, is mainly treated by antibiotics. Due to the increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli, there is an urgent need to assess the efficacy of alternatives to antibiotherapy, such as phage therapy. Here, we have isolated and characterized 19 coliphages that belong to nine phage genera. We showed that a combination of 8 of these phages was efficacious in vitro to control the growth of a clinical isolate of E

Published
2023

22. Comparative Genome Analysis of Enterococcus cecorum Reveals Intercontinental Spread of a Lineage of Clinical Poultry Isolates

Author

Laurentie, Jeanne, primary, Loux, Valentin, additional, Hennequet-Antier, Christelle, additional, Chambellon, Emilie, additional, Deschamps, Julien, additional, Trotereau, Angélina, additional, Furlan, Sylviane, additional, Darrigo, Claire, additional, Kempf, Florent, additional, Lao, Julie, additional, Milhes, Marine, additional, Roques, Céline, additional, Quinquis, Benoit, additional, Vandecasteele, Céline, additional, Boyer, Roxane, additional, Bouchez, Olivier, additional, Repoila, Francis, additional, Le Guennec, Jean, additional, Chiapello, Hélène, additional, Briandet, Romain, additional, Helloin, Emmanuelle, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Kempf, Isabelle, additional, and Serror, Pascale, additional

Published
2023
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23. Synthèse du chantier Agroécologie (AE) & Marché

Author

Magrini, Marie-Benoît, Alaphilippe, Aude, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Cadoré, Jean-Luc, Caillat, Hugues, CARLIN, Frédéric, Cressent, Marion, Debaeke, Philippe, Delaby, Luc, Duclos, Michel, Foucher, Fabrice, Julier, Bernadette, Larzul, Catherine, Lauri, Pierre-Éric, Lamothe, Laurence, Lebret, Bénédicte, Le Gouis, Jacques, Lullien-Pellerin, Valérie, Nozières-Petit, Marie-Odile, Prache, Sophie, Renard, Michel, Sebillotte, Clementina, Schouler, Catherine, This, Patrice, Tchamitchian, Marc, Veysset, Patrick, Thiollet-Scholtus, Marie, Vandeputte, Marc, Lantremange, Hadrien, Saint-Ges, Veronique, Détang-Dessendre, Cécile, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale de Recherches Intégrées en Production Fruitière (UERI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Recherche & Innovation, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Territoires (Territoires), AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Alimentation et sciences sociales (ALISS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station de Pathologie aviaire et parasitologie [Nouzilly] (PAP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Agroécologie, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023

25. Comparative genome analysis ofEnterococcus cecorumreveals intercontinental spread of a lineage of clinical poultry isolates

Author

Laurentie, Jeanne, primary, Loux, Valentin, additional, Hennequet-Antier, Christelle, additional, Chambellon, Emilie, additional, Deschamps, Julien, additional, Trotereau, Angélina, additional, Furlan, Sylviane, additional, Darrigo, Claire, additional, Kempf, Florent, additional, Lao, Julie, additional, Milhes, Marine, additional, Roques, Céline, additional, Quinquis, Benoit, additional, Vandecasteele, Céline, additional, Boyer, Roxane, additional, Bouchez, Olivier, additional, Repoila, Francis, additional, Le Guennec, Jean, additional, Chiapello, Hélène, additional, Briandet, Romain, additional, Helloin, Emmanuelle, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Kempf, Isabelle, additional, and Serror, Pascale, additional

Published
2022
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26. Description and validation of a new set of PCR markers predictive of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence

Author

Lucas, Camille, primary, Delannoy, Sabine, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Souillard, Rozenn, additional, Le Devendec, Laetitia, additional, Lucas, Pierrick, additional, Keita, Alassane, additional, Fach, Patrick, additional, Puterflam, Julie, additional, Bougeard, Stéphanie, additional, and Kempf, Isabelle, additional

Published
2022
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27. Efficacy of passive immunization in broiler chicks via an inactivated Escherichia coli autogenous vaccine administered to broiler breeder hens

Author

Keita, Alassane, primary, Le Devendec, Laetitia, additional, Amelot, Michel, additional, Puterflam, Julie, additional, Lucas, Camille, additional, Bougeard, Stéphanie, additional, Delannoy, Sabine, additional, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Fach, Patrick, additional, Lucas, Pierrick, additional, Souillard, Rozenn, additional, and Kempf, Isabelle, additional

Published
2022
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28. Gut microbiota composition before infection determines the Salmonella super‐ and low‐shedder phenotypes in chicken

Author

Kempf, Florent, Menanteau, Pierrette, Rychlik, Ivan, Kubasová, Tereza, Trotereau, Jérôme, Virlogeux‐Payant, Isabelle, Schaeffer, Samantha, Schouler, Catherine, Drumo, Rosanna, Guitton, Edouard, Velge, Philippe, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Veterinary Research Institute [Brno] (VRI), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transnational Emida project 'Difagh', Transnational Aniwha project 'AWAP', joint research program MoMIR-PPC ('One Health' European Joint Program), Czech Ministry of Education (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007404), and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Bacterial Shedding, animal structures, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Biotechnology, Escherichia coli O157, digestive system, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Phenotype, Salmonella, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Animals, Chickens, Research Articles, Research Article
Abstract

Summary Heterogeneity of infection and extreme shedding patterns are common features of animal infectious diseases. Individual hosts that are super‐shedders are key targets for control strategies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with the emergence of super‐shedders remain largely unknown. During chicken salmonellosis, a high heterogeneity of infection is observed when animal‐to‐animal cross‐contaminations and reinfections are reduced. We hypothesized that unlike super‐shedders, low‐shedders would be able to block the first Salmonella colonization thanks to a different gut microbiota. The present study demonstrates that (i) axenic and antibiotic‐treated chicks are more prone to become super‐shedders; (ii) super or low‐shedder phenotypes can be acquired through microbiota transfer; (iii) specific gut microbiota taxonomic features determine whether the chicks develop a low‐ and super‐shedder phenotype after Salmonella infection in isolator; (iv) partial protection can be conferred by inoculation of four commensal bacteria prior to Salmonella infection. This study demonstrates the key role plays by gut microbiota composition in the heterogeneity of infection and pave the way for developing predictive biomarkers and protective probiotics., The present study demonstrates that (i) axenic and antibiotic‐treated chicks are more prone to become super‐shedders; (ii) super or low‐shedder phenotypes can be acquired through microbiota transfer; (iii) specific gut microbiota taxonomic features determine whether the chicks develop a low‐ and super‐shedder phenotype after Salmonella infection in isolator; (iv) partial protection can be conferred by inoculation of four commensal bacteria prior to Salmonella infection. This study demonstrates the key role plays by gut microbiota composition in the heterogeneity of infection and pave the way for developing predictive biomarkers and protective probiotics.

Published
2020
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29. Impacts à court et à moyen terme d'une supplémentation précoce en xylanase-xos sur le métabolome et le microbiome caécal des poulets de chair

Author

Jonchère, Vincent, Bussière, Françoise I., Khaksar, Vahid, Duclos, Michel Jacques, Cornaille, Léa, Meme, Nathalie, Zemb, Olivier, Hennequet-Antier, Christelle, Schouler, Catherine, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Narcy, Agnès, and Chanteloup, Nathalie Katy

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

The postnatal period is critical for early development. Due to the great plasticity of the digestive tract, this period constitutes a unique window to orient the digestive phenotypes. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) produced from the hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) by xylanase are prebiotics acting on the caecal microbiota. In this work, we compared the effects on metabolome and caecal microbiota composition of early (starter) or late (grower) supplementation with a mixture of xylanase and XOS (Xyl.XOS) with an E. tenella challenge. Chicks fed a basal diet rich in NSPs were divided into four groups: without additive (D0-D22), with a supplementation of Xyl.XOS during the start-up period (D0-D9), the growth period (D10-D22), or during theentire period (D0-D22). Based on this full factorial design, effects on performance as well as on the metabolome and caecal microbiome were assessed (D9 and D22). During the start-up period, the addition of Xyl.XOS has a positive effect on growth. At D9, a decrease in Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) and Lachnospiraceae, producers of SCFAs observed in the caeca of supplemented animals with Xyl.XOS. In contrast, supplementation in the starter diet alone increased SCFA production until D22. We are actually evaluating the effect of this early supplementation on the microbiota at D22. Finally, animals inoculated with E. tenella, the supplementation with Xyl.XOS in grower reduced significantly the deleterious effects of infection on growth while early supplementation had no detectable effect. In conclusion, early supplementation with Xyl.XOS has a short and medium term effect on the metabolites and growth of the animals., La période postnatale est une période de forte plasticité permettant une orientation précoce des fonctionnalités digestives. Les xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), produits de l’hydrolyse des polysaccharides non amylacés (NSPs) par la xylanase (Xyl), sont des prébiotiques agissant sur le microbiote caecal. Dans ce travail, nous avons comparé les effets sur le métabolome et le microbiote caecal d’une supplémentation précoce (démarrage) ou tardive (croissance) d’un mélange de xylanase et XOS (Xyl.XOS) en présence d’un challenge infectieux à E. tenella. Des poussins recevant un régime basal riche en NSP ont été répartis en quatre groupes : sans additif (J0-J22), avec ajout de Xyl.XOS en démarrage (J0-J9) ou en croissance (J10-J22) ou pendant toute la période (J0-J22). A partir de ce plan factoriel complet, les effets sur les performances ainsi que sur le métabolome et le microbiome caecal ont été évalués (J9 et J22). Lors de la période de démarrage, l’ajout du mélange Xyl.XOS a un effet positif sur la croissance. A J9, une diminution des acides gras à chaînes courtes (SCFAs) et des bactéries de la famille des Lachnospiraceae, productrices des SCFAs, a été observée dans les caeca des animaux supplémentés. A l’inverse, la supplémentation dans l’aliment démarrage seul augmente la production de SCFAs jusqu’à J22. Nous évaluons actuellement l’effet différé de cette supplémentation précoce sur le microbiote à J22. Enfin chez les animaux inoculés, la supplémentation tardive en Xyl.XOS réduit significativement les effets délétères de l’infection sur la croissance alors que la supplémentation précoce n'a pas eu d'effet détectable. En conclusion, la supplémentation précoce en Xyl.XOS a un effet à court et moyen terme sur les métabolites et la croissance des animaux.

Published
2022

31. ICEEc2, a new integrative and conjugative element belonging to the pKLC102/PAGI-2 family, identified in Escherichia coli strain BEN374

Author

Roche, David, Flechard, Maud, Lallier, Nathalie, Reperant, Maryline, Bree, Annie, Pascal, Geraldine, Schouler, Catherine, and Germon, Pierre

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Transfer RNA -- Properties, Microbial colonies -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The diversity of the Escherichia coli species is in part due to the large number of mobile genetic elements that are exchanged between strains. We report here the identification of a new integrative and conjugative element (ICE) of the pKLC102/PAGI-2 family located downstream of the tRNA genepheU in the E. coli strain BEN374. Indeed, this new region, which we called ICEEc2, can be transferred by conjugation from strain BEN374 to the E. coli strain C600. We were also able to transfer this region into a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain and into a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain. This transfer was then followed by the integration of ICEEc2 into the host chromosome downstream of a phe tRNA gene. Our data indicated that this transfer involved a set of three genes encoding DNA mobility enzymes and a type IV pilus encoded by genes present on ICEEc2. Given the wide distribution of members of this family, these mobile genetic elements are likely to play an important role in the diversification of bacteria. doi: 10.1128/JB.00609-10

Published
2010

33. A metabolic operon in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli promotes fitness under stressful conditions and invasion of eukaryotic cells

Author

Rouquet, Geraldine, Porcheron, Gaelle, Barra, Claire, Reperant, Maryline, Chanteloup, Nathalie K., Schouler, Catherine, and Gilot, Philippe

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Escherichia coli -- Physiological aspects, Operons -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

We identified a carbohydrate metabolic operon (frz) that is highly associated with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains. The frz operon codes for three subunits of a phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporter of the fructose subfamily, for a transcriptional activator of PTSs of the MgA family, for two type II ketose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases, for a sugar-specific kinase (repressor, open reading frame, kinase family [ROK]), and for a protein of the cupin superfamily. We proved that the frz operon promotes bacterial fitness under stressful conditions, such as oxygen restriction, late stationary phase of growth, or growth in serum or in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, we showed that frz is involved in adherence to and internalization in human type II pneumocytes, human enterocytes, and chicken liver cells by favoring the ON orientation of the fim operon promoter and thus acting on the expression of type 1 fimbriae, which are the major ExPEC adhesins. Both the PTS activator and the metabolic enzymes encoded by the frz operon are involved in these phenotypes.

Published
2009

34. A genomic island of an extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain enables the metabolism of fructooligosaccharides, which improves intestinal colonization

Author

Schouler, Catherine, Taki, Ahmed, Chouikha, Iman, Moulin-Schouleur, Maryvonne, and Gilot, Philippe

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Physiological aspects, Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Microbial metabolism -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Prebiotics such as fructooligosaceharides (FOS) are increasingly being used in some countries for improving human and animal health and as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in animals, with various degrees of success. It has been observed that FOS stimulate the proliferation of probiotic bacteria and, at the same time, decrease the population of bacteria associated with disease. This observation assumes that pathogenic bacteria do not metabolize FOS and, therefore, lose their competitive advantage over beneficial bacteria. Here we present evidence that some pathogenic Escherichia coli strains can metabolize FOS and show that this property helps the bacterium colonize the intestine. These findings highlight the potential risk that a high level of prebiotic usage could lead to the emergence of well-adapted pathogenic strains that metabolize prebiotic substances.

Published
2009

35. The Absence of Gut Microbiota Alters the Development of the Apicomplexan Parasite Eimeria tenella

Author

Gaboriaud, Pauline, Sadrin, Guillaume, Guitton, Edouard, Fort, Geneviève, Niepceron, Alisson, Lallier, Nathalie, Rossignol, Christelle, Larcher, Thibaut, Sausset, Alix, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Silvestre, Anne, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Schouler, Catherine, Laurent, Fabrice, Bussière, Françoise, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique (APEX), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Région Centre Val de Loire, France (APR-IA 'INTEGRITY' 2017-2019), and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
animal structures, germ-free, chicken, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], parasite, lcsh:QR1-502, microbiota, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:Microbiology, Eimeria tenella, parasite invasion and development
Abstract

International audience; Coccidiosis is a widespread intestinal disease of poultry caused by a parasite of the genus Eimeria. Eimeria tenella, is one of the most virulent species that specifically colonizes the caeca, an organ which harbors a rich and complex microbiota. Our objective was to study the impact of the intestinal microbiota on parasite infection and development using an original model of germ-free broilers. We observed that germ-free chickens presented significantly much lower load of oocysts in caecal contents than conventional chickens. This decrease in parasite load was measurable in caecal tissue by RT-qPCR at early time points. Histological analysis revealed the presence of much less first (day 2pi) and second generation schizonts (day 3.5pi) in germ-free chickens than conventional chickens. Indeed, at day 3.5pi, second generation schizonts were respectively immature only in germ-free chickens suggesting a lengthening of the asexual phase of the parasite in the absence of microbiota. Accordingly to the consequence of this lengthening, a delay in specific gamete gene expressions, and a reduction of gamete detection by histological analysis in caeca of germ-free chickens were observed. These differences in parasite load might result from an initial reduction of the excystation efficiency of the parasite in the gut of germ-free chickens. However, as bile salts involved in the excystation step led to an even higher excystation efficiency in germ-free compared to conventional chickens, this result could not explain the difference in parasite load. Interestingly, when we shunted the excystation step in vivo by infecting chickens with sporozoites using the cloacal route of inoculation, parasite invasion was similar in germ-free and in conventional chickens but still resulted in significantly lower parasite load in germ-free chickens at day 7pi. Overall, these data highlighted that the absence of intestinal microbiota alters E. tenella replication. Strategies to modulate the microbiota and/or its metabolites could therefore be an alternative approach to limit the negative impact of coccidiosis in poultry.

Published
2021
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36. VOCALIM -Mieux valoriser des matières premières métropolitaines dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair pour améliorer l'autonomie protéique française

Author

Pampouille, Eva, Dusart, Léonie, Bonnouvrier, A, Danel, Justine, Dauguet, S., Désolé, Mathieu, Heuze, Valérie, Lambert, W, Bourhis, Le, Cadre, Le, Martin, N, Méda, Bertrand, michaud, c, Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine, Narcy, Agnès, Peyronnet, Corinne, Quinsac, Alain, Recoules, Emilie, Schouler, Catherine, Tormo, E, Tran, Gilles, Vilariño, Maria, Wilfart, Aurélie, Bouvarel, Isabelle, ITAVI, Terres Innovia, ISARA-Lyon, Association Française de Zootechnie (AFZ), Ajinomoto Eurolysine, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie et l'Organisation des Productions Animales (CEREOPA), Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Terres Univia, Terres Inovia, Arvalis, Institut du Végétal, 41100 Villerable, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
sunflower, Feed, poultry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rapeseed, sifting, proteins
Abstract

International audience; The autonomy for Protein-Rich resources of poultry feed in France is around 40%, due in particular to massive imports of soybean meals, which are economically and nutritionally competitive. The study ofnew French Protein-Rich Feedstuffs (FPRF) within the framework of VOCALIM has shown that technological processes make it possible to better exploit fiber-rich resources (rapeseed and sunflower meals), without affecting the performance or health of the animals. The genetic selection of animals could be a lever to further improve the valuation of these resources. Simulations up to 2023 showed a gain of 17 protein autonomy points in broilers production and a reduction in food costs of 2.8% thanks to these FPRF. Their use allows, according to the scenarios studied, to gain in protein efficiency and to reduce overall environmental impacts.; L’autonomie protéique de l’alimentation des volailles est en France d’environ 40%, en raison notamment d’importations massives de tourteau de soja, très concurrentiel sur le plan économique et nutritionnel. L’étude de nouvelles Matières Premières Riches en Protéines françaises (MPRP) dans le cadre du projet VOCALIM a permis de montrer que des procédés technologiques permettent de mieux valoriser des ressources riches en fibres (tourteaux de colza et tournesol), sans altérer les performances ou la santé des animaux. La sélection génétique des animaux pourrait être un levier pour encore améliorer la valorisation de ces ressources. Des simulations à l’horizon 2023 montrent un gain de 17 points d’autonomie protéique dans la filière poulet de chair et une réduction du coût alimentaire de 2,8% grâce à ces MPRP. Leur utilisation permet, selon les scénarios étudiés, de gagner en efficience protéique et de réduire globalement tous les impacts environnementaux.

Published
2021

37. Contrat INRA 2018 Prematuration « Providefense » Production de défensines aviaires recombinantes pour la santé animale

Author

Lalmanach, Anne-Christine, Vidal, Lea, Schouler, Catherine, André-Leroux, Gwenaëlle, Nicaud, Jean Marc, Lalmanach, Anne-Christine, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Contrat INRA 2018 Prematuration « Providefense », GDR 3625 MuFoPAM, and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Yarrowia lipolytica, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, expression hétérologue, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, défensines aviaires, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; Deux défensines aviaires nommées AvBD2 et AvBD7, peptides antimicrobiens naturels de l’immunité innée des oiseaux, sont extraites et purifiées à partir de la moelle osseuse du poulet [1]. Elles sont actives contre des bactéries pathogènes Gram- et Gram+ et sont remarquablement résistantes à la protéolyse [2]. L’efficacité antimicrobienne de l’AvBD7 a été démontrée dans un modèle murin de salmonellose systémique [3]. Ces propriétés particulières font de l’AvBD2 et de l’AvBD7 des candidats thérapeutiques prometteurs en alternative aux antibiotiques. La production de ces molécules à grande échelle est nécessaire à leur développement industriel, c’est pourquoi un projet visant à faire la preuve de concept de production recombinante d’AvBD2 et d’AvBD7 fortement antimicrobiennes a été réalisé. Des systèmes d’expression, (i) chez la levure Yarrowia lipolytica qui bénéficie d’outils performants (promoteurs inductibles, nouvelles séquences de sécrétion) pour la production de protéines hétérologues [4] et (ii) chez la cellule S2 d’insecte qui a fait ses preuves pour produire des molécules structuralement très proches des défensines [5], ont été développés. La montée en échelle de production des défensines aviaires a été évaluée afin d’envisager une application pharmaceutique, avec une demande importante en santé publique et vétérinaire.

Published
2021

38. Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies

Author

Guitton, Edouard, Faurie, Arnaud, Lavillatte, Sebastien, Chaumeil, Thierry, Gaboriaud, Pauline, Bussière, Françoise, Laurent, Fabrice, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Schouler, Catherine, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), research consortium APR-IA 'INTEGRITY' (2017-2019) - Region Centre Val de Loire, France, and Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
animal structures, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Chemical Engineering, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiota, embryonic structures, Animals, Chickens, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ovum, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Abstract

International audience; Studies of the gut microbiota contribution to the host physiology and immunocompetence are facilitated by the availability of germ-free animal models, which are considered the gold standard. Nesting birds are ideal models for the production of germ-free animals since there is no need to raise their relatives under sterile conditions. Germ-free chickens are mainly generated from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) experimental lines, which are poorly representative of commercial chicken lines. The method proposed here allowed the production of germ-free chickens from the fast growing broiler line Ross PM3, commonly used by the poultry industry. Eggs were quickly collected after laying at a broiler breeder farm. They underwent a strict decontamination process from the collection to the introduction in a sterile egg hatching isolator. The chicks have been hatched and kept in these sterile isolators during the period necessary to control their sterility. Originally developed for an experimental SPF white leghorn line, the present protocol has been adapted not only to the Ross PM3 broiler line but also to quails. It therefore represents a robust and readily adaptable procedure to other poultry species and nesting birds of economic, biological or ecological relevance.

Published
2020
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39. tDNA locus polymorphism and ecto-chromosomal DNA insertion hot-spots are related to the phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli strains

Author

Germon, Pierre, Roche, David, Melo, Sandrine, Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine, Dobrindt, Ulrich, Hacker, Jorg, Schouler, Catherine, and Moulin-Schouleur, Maryvonne

Subjects
DNA -- Research, Escherichia coli -- Research, Genetic polymorphisms -- Research, Genomics -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

tRNA-encoding genes (tDNA) are known hot-spots for the integration of ecto-chromosomal DNA (ECDNA) including genomic islands. However, only a few loci are currently known to be targeted by such insertions in Escherichia coil A PCR-based screening of tDNA integrity was therefore performed on a collection of E. coil strains in order to identify tDNA loci that are most frequently intact and those that are preferred ECDNA insertion sites. It was shown that only a subset of tDNAs were hot-spots for ECDNA insertions, and that the majority of loci were never targeted by such insertions. Polycistronic tDNAs, highly transcribed tDNAs or tDNAs encoding tRNAs recognizing frequently used codons were generally not targeted by ECDNA insertions. Most interestingly, strains of different ECOR groups showed different patterns of tDNA loci polymorphism. More subtle differences were also observed between strains of different pathotypes.

Published
2007

40. A selC-associated genomic island of the extraintestinal avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BEN2908 is involved in carbohydrate uptake and virulence

Author

Chouikha, Iman, Germon, Pierre, Bree, Annie, Gilot, Philippe, Moulin-Schouleur, Maryvonne, and Schouler, Catherine

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Escherichia coli -- Research, Bacterial genetics -- Research, Nucleotide sequence -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of a new genomic island (AGI-3) isolated from the extraintestinal avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BEN2908 is reported. This 49,600-bp island is inserted at the selC locus and contains putative mobile genetic elements such as a phage-related integrase gene, transposase genes, and direct repeats. AGI-3 shows a mosaic structure of five modules. Some of these modules are present in other E. coli strains and in other pathogenic bacterial species. The gene cluster aec-35 to aec-37 of module 1 encodes proteins associated with carbohydrates assimilation such as a major facilitator superfamily transporter (Acc-36), a glycosidase (Aec-37), and a putative transcriptional regulator of the LacI family (Aec-35). The aec-35 to aec-37 cluster was found in 11.6% of the tested pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli strains. When present, the aec-35 to aec-37 cluster is strongly associated with the selC locus (97%). Deletion of the aec-35-aec-37 region affects the assimilation of seven carbohydrates, decreases the growth rate of the strain in minimal medium containing galacturonate or trehalose, and attenuates the virulence of E. coli BEN2908 for chickens.

Published
2006

41. ibeA, a virulence factor of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

Author

Germon, Pierre, Chen, Yu-Hua, He, Lina, Blanco, Jesus E., Bree, Annie, Schouler, Catherine, Huang, Sheng-He, and Moulin-Schouleur, Maryvonne

Subjects
Epithelial cells -- Research, Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The presence of ibeA, a gene encoding a known virulence factor of Escherichia coli strains responsible for neonatal meningitis in humans, was investigated in the genome of 213 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains and 55 non-pathogenic E. coli strains of avian origin. Fifty-three strains were found to be [ibeA.sup.+], all of which belonged to the APEC group. The ibeA gene is therefore positively linked to the pathogenicity of strains (P < 0 x 0001). Analysis of the serogroup of strains revealed a positive association of ibeA with serogroups O18, O88 and O2. On the contrary, only 1/59 O78 strains are ibe[A.sup.+], indicating a negative association of ibeA with this serogroup (P < 0 x 0001). The role of ibeA in the virulence of the APEC strain BEN 2908 was investigated by constructing an ibeA mutant. Challenge assays on 3-week-old chickens showed a reduced virulence for the ibeA mutant. Furthermore, the APEC strain BEN 2908 was able to invade brain microvascular epithelial cells, this invasion being significantly reduced upon inactivation of ibeA. Altogether, these results suggest a role of ibeA in the pathogenicity of some APEC strains and confirm the close relationship between APEC and other human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates.

Published
2005

42. Genomic subtraction for the identification of putative new virulence factors of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain of O2 serogroup

Author

Schouler, Catherine, Koffmann, Frederique, Amory, Cecile, Leroy-Setrin, Sabine, and Moulin-Schouleur, Maryvonne

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Research, Genetic research, Biological sciences
Abstract

To identify putative new virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, a genomic subtraction was performed between the APEC strain MT512 and the non- pathogenic E. coli strain of avian origin EC79. Seventeen DNA fragments were cloned that were specific for the APEC strain. Among them, nine were identified that were more frequent among pathogenic than non-pathogenic isolates in a collection of 67 avian E. coli Chromosome or plasmid location, and the nucleotide sequence of these nine fragments were characterized. Four fragments were plasmid-located. The nucleotide sequence of two of them exhibited identity with the sequence of the RepF1B replicon of E. coli plasmids, and the amino-acid deduced sequences from the two other fragments exhibited similarity to the products of genes sitA of Salmonella Typhimurium and iroD of E. coli, which are involved in iron metabolism. Of the five chromosome-located fragments, three were predicted to encode parts of proteins that were significantly homologous to previously described proteins: TktA (transketolase) of Haemophilus influenzae, a FruA (fructokinase) homologue of Listeria innocua and Gp2 (large terminal subunit) of phage 21. The putative products of the two other chromosome-located fragments were homologous to proteins with unknown functions: Z0255 of E. coli strain EDL933 (EHEC) and Rata of Salmonella Typhimurium strain LT2. Both these chromosomal fragments, whose presence is correlated with serogroups O1 and O2 and to the virulence of APEC strains belonging to these serogroups, are good candidates for being part of novel virulence determinants of APEC. Moreover, several fragments were shown to be located close to tRNA se/C, asnT or thrW, which suggests they could be part of pathogenicity islands. Six fragments that were shown to be part of whole ORFs present in the APEC strain MT 512 were also present in extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains of human and animal origin. Thus, the putative novel virulence factors identified in this study could be shared by ExPEC strains of different origins.

Published
2004

43. Diversity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from day-old broiler chicks, their environment and colibacillosis lesions in 80 flocks in France

Author

Delannoy, Sabine, primary, Schouler, Catherine, additional, Souillard, Rozenn, additional, Yousfi, Léna, additional, Le Devendec, Laetitia, additional, Lucas, Camille, additional, Bougeard, Stéphanie, additional, Keita, Alassane, additional, Fach, Patrick, additional, Galliot, Pascal, additional, Balaine, Loïc, additional, Puterflam, Julie, additional, and Kempf, Isabelle, additional

Published
2021
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45. Physiopathology of Eimeria tenella infection and integrity of the intestinal barrier: influence of the microbiota

Author

Gaboriaud, Pauline, Sadrin, Guillaume, Guitton, Edouard, Fort, Geneviève, Le Vern, Yves, Sausset, Alix, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Niepceron, Alisson, Silvestre, Anne, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Lallier, Nathalie, Schouler, Catherine, Laurent, Fabrice, Bussière, Françoise I., Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, parasitic diseases
Abstract

International audience; Eimeria tenella infection leads to a severe intestinal disease leading to high economic impact in poultry industry. Coccidiosis is frequently associated with a high prevalence of opportunistic infections. Our objective was to study during E. tenella infection the importance of immune cells and mediators of the inflammatory response on the severity of caecal lesions and on the potential dissemination of commensal bacteria. An original model of germ-free and conventional broilers chickens was developed to study the impact of the caecal microbiota on the physiopathology of the infection. Our results show that, at the same parasite load, lesions caused by E. tenella are dependent on the microbiota. Seven days post-infection, an increase of inflammatory mediators (interferon-g, colony stimulating factor, CSF-1, 2) are detected at the caecal tissue level in conventional chickens and germ-free chickens whereas interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is increased only in conventional chickens. Moreover, administration of microbiota to germ-free chickens 4 days post-E. tenella infection restored the caecal lesions and the expression of IL-17A to a similar level to conventional chickens suggesting that inflammatory cells producing IL-17A could play a role in the physiopathology of the infection. The lesions represent a rupture of the intestinal barrier, which, at homeostasis, protects the chicken against invasion of commensal bacteria. Our hypothesis is that intestinal lesions caused by the infection would lead to commensal bacterial translocation. This was confirmed with a non-pathogenic E. coli strain administered by oral route that presented a dissemination in the spleen during E. tenella infection. In conclusion, during infection, the microbiota is responsible for the inflammatory response via IL-17A and the formation of lesions. The loss of the intestinal integrity leads to commensal bacterial translocation that could contribute to the development of opportunistic diseases.

Published
2019

46. Effect of the microbiota on the development of the parasite Eimeria tenella

Author

Gaboriaud, Pauline, Guitton, Edouard, Fort, Geneviève, Niepceron, Alisson, Guabiraba, Rodrigo, Silvestre, Anne, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Lallier, Nathalie, Schouler, Catherine, Laurent, Fabrice, Bussière, Françoise I., Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
animal structures, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; Coccidiosis is caused by the parasite Eimeria, the first parasite in poultry farms. E. tenella, the most virulent specie colonize the caeca rich in bacteria. Our objective was to study the impact of intestinal microbiota on E. tenella infection. An original model of germ-free and conventional broilers was developed. While using the same dose of E. tenella inoculum, germ-free chickens excrete 4000 fold less oocysts than conventional chickens 6 days post-infection. This lower parasite load in caecal tissues is measurable as soon as 2 days post infection. Several biological processes in the parasite cycle may explain this result (excystation, invasion, development, …). As the excystation is the first step of the parasite cycle, in vitro capacity of excystation of the parasite using intestinal contents and biles of chickens was studied. When using duodenal contents and biles from germ-free chickens, the excystation rate of sporozoites was higher in contrast to those from conventional chickens. To shunt the excystation step in vivo, chickens were infected with sporozoites by cloacal inoculation. Parasite invasion after 24h infection was similar between germ-free and conventional chickens. However, after 7 days of infection, there was still less parasite excretion and parasite tissue load in germ-free chicken compared to conventional chicken (500 fold) suggesting that the microbiota and its metabolites may play an important role on parasite replication. We also studied the development stages of the parasite by using specific gene of different parasite stages. A delay of schizonte and gamete specific gene expression was observed in caeca of germ-free chicken compared to conventional chickens. Overall, these data suggest that the microbiota and its metabolites may play an indirect role on bile content and subsequently on the excystation rate and, also on the parasite development. Consequently, modulation of microbiota composition could influence coccidiosis severity.

Published
2019

47. Variations in incubation and postnatal environments affect the microbiota composition of fast-growing male chickens

Author

Collin, Anne, Gabriel, Irène, Schouler, Catherine, Crochet, Sabine, Couroussé, Nathalie, COUSTHAM, Vincent, Praud, Christophe, Chartrin, Pascal, Larcher, Thibault, Travel, Angelique, Berri, Cécile, Germain, Karine, Guilloteau, Laurence, Zemb, Olivier, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), ITAVI, Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Integrated Management of Animal Health metaprogram of INRA for the 'GISA- ROBUSTCHICK' project (www.gisa.inra.fr/en), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], incubation des oeufs, poulet, croissance animale, microbiote digestif, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], performance de croissance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

48. Physiopathologie de l’infection par Eimeria tenella et intégrité de la barrière intestinale : influence du microbiote

Author

Gaboriaud, Pauline, Sadrin, Guillaume, Guitton, Edouard, Fort, Geneviève, Le Vern, Yves, Sausset, Alix, GUABIRABA-BRITO, Rodrigo, Niepceron, Alisson, Silvestre, Anne, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Lallier, Nathalie, Schouler, Catherine, Laurent, Fabrice, Bussière, Françoise, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), MG2MIX, Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Société Française de Parasitologie (SFP). FRA., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

49. Effet du microbiote sur le développement du parasite Eimeria tenella

Author

Gaboriaud, Pauline, Guitton, Edouard, Fort, Geneviève, Niepceron, Alisson, GUABIRABA-BRITO, Rodrigo, Silvestre, Anne, Lacroix-Lamandé, Sonia, Lallier, Nathalie, Schouler, Catherine, Laurent, Fabrice, Bussière, Françoise, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Société Française de Parasitologie (SFP). FRA., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours

Subjects
[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

50. A type IC restriction-modification system in Lactococcus lactis

Author

Schouler, Catherine, Clier, Florence, Lerayer, Alda Luisa, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, and Chopin, Marie-Christine

Subjects
Microbial genetics -- Research, Plasmids -- Genetic aspects, Restriction enzymes, DNA -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A study was conducted to characterize three genes coding for the endonuclease, methylase and specificity subunits of a type I restriction-modification (R-M) system in the Lactococcus lactis plasmid pIL2614. The results indicate that this R-M system is probably of type IC based on factors such as plasmid location, sequence homologies and inactivation data.

Published
1998

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