Search

Objective: To evaluate whether rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) affects nasal septum deviation (NSD)., Materials and Methods: The study population includes 22 RPE patients ages 9.62 ± 1.38 years and 20 MARPE patients ages 19.38 ± 7.82 years with initial diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (T0). Another CBCT scan (T1) was taken after patients underwent RPE or MARPE expansion treatment alone. NSD was evaluated three-dimensionally using a custom landmark analysis on T0 and T1 CBCT scans. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used to identify nasal septum shape differences before and after expansion treatment., Results: PCA and CVA showed that while there was change in nasal septum shape from T0 to T1 for MARPE and RPE treatments, the general pattern in morphological change was not found when comparing the variety of phenotypes between individuals. The Procrustes ANOVA regression found P-values for MARPE centroid size and shape were 0.7861 and 1, and RPE centroid size and shape were 0.3508 and 1, respectively, suggesting that there were no significant differences in nasal septum size and shape following expansion. CVA found P-values were 0.99 for MARPE and 0.99 for RPE after 10,000 permutation tests for Procrustes distances, indicating that there were no significant differences between T0 and T1 group means for both treatment groups., Conclusions: MARPE and RPE expansion treatments had no effect on nasal septum deviation from T0 to T1., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 and has quickly become a worldwide pandemic. In response, many diagnostic manufacturers have developed molecular assays for SARS-CoV-2 under the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) pathway. This study compared three of these assays, the Hologic Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay (Fusion), the Hologic Aptima SARS-CoV-2 assay (Aptima), and the BioFire Defense COVID-19 test (BioFire), to determine analytical and clinical performance as well as workflow. All three assays showed similar limits of detection (LODs) using inactivated virus, with 100% detection, ranging from 500 to 1,000 genome equivalents/ml, whereas use of a quantified RNA transcript standard showed the same trend but had values ranging from 62.5 to 125 copies/ml, confirming variability in absolute quantification of reference standards. The clinical correlation found that the Fusion and BioFire assays had a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 98.7%, followed by the Aptima assay at 94.7%, compared to the consensus result. All three assays exhibited 100% negative percent agreement (NPA). Analysis of discordant results revealed that all four samples missed by the Aptima assay had cycle threshold ( C t ) values of >37 by the Fusion assay. In conclusion, while all three assays showed similar relative LODs, we showed differences in absolute LODs depending on which standard was employed. In addition, the Fusion and BioFire assays showed better clinical performance, while the Aptima assay showed a modest decrease in overall PPA. These findings should be kept in mind when making platform testing decisions., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread across the globe. As part of the worldwide response, many molecular diagnostic platforms have been granted e mergency u se a uthorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our objective was to evaluate three sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic platforms (Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 [Xpert Xpress], Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 [ID NOW], and GenMark ePlex SARS-CoV-2 Test [ePlex]) to determine analytical sensitivity, clinical performance, and workflow for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs from 108 symptomatic patients. We found that Xpert Xpress had the lowest limit of detection (100% detection at 100 copies/ml), followed by ePlex (100% detection at 1,000 copies/ml), and ID NOW (20,000 copies/ml). Xpert Xpress also had highest positive percent agreement (PPA) compared to our reference standard (98.3%) followed by ePlex (91.4%) and ID NOW (87.7%). All three assays showed 100% negative percent agreement (NPA). In the workflow analysis, ID NOW produced the lowest time to result per specimen (∼17 min) compared to Xpert Xpress (∼46 min) and ePlex (∼1.5 h), but what ID NOW gained in rapid results, it lost in analytical and clinical performance. ePlex had the longest time to results and showed a slight improvement in PPA over ID NOW. Information about the clinical and analytical performance of these assays, as well as workflow, will be critical in making informed and timely decisions on testing platforms., (Copyright © 2020 Zhen et al.)

This pilot study adapted family-based treatment (FBT) for youth with potentially prodromal anorexia nervosa (AN). Fifty-nine youth with clinically significant AN symptom constellations, but who never met full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) (DSM-IV) criteria for AN, were enrolled in a partially randomized preference design study. Participants were offered randomization to FBT or supportive psychotherapy (SPT); those who declined to be randomized because of a strong treatment preference were entered into a parallel, non-randomized self-selected intervention study. Without accessing outcome data, an observational analysis with three diagnostic subclasses was designed based on AN symptom severity profiles, combining randomized and non-randomized participants, such that participants receiving FBT and SPT within each subclass were similar on key baseline characteristics. Outcomes of this pilot study were explored by calculating effect sizes for end-of-treatment values within each subclass, and also with a longitudinal mixed effect model that accounted for subclass. Weight trajectory was measured by percent expected body weight. Psychological outcomes were fear of weight gain, feeling fat, importance of weight, and importance of shape. Results show that the pattern of symptom observations over time was dependent on subclass of SAN (least symptomatic, moderately symptomatic, or most symptomatic) and on the target outcome variable category (weight or psychological). Results from this study, which should be considered in the context of the small sample sizes overall and within groups, can generate hypotheses for future, larger research trials on early treatment strategies. Feasibility findings illustrate how the innovative partially randomized preference design has potential broader application for AN intervention research., Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00418977., (Copyright © 2020 Loeb, Weissman, Marcus, Pattanayak, Hail, Kung, Schron, Zucker, Le Grange, Lock, Newcorn, Taylor and Walsh.)

From 2009 to 2015, the laboratories of the 19-hospital North Shore-LIJ Health System experienced 5 threatened interruptions in service and supported 2 regional health-care providers with threatened interruptions in their laboratory service. We report our strategies to maintain laboratory performance during these events, drawing upon the strengths of our integrated laboratory service line. Established in 2009, the laboratory service line has unified medical and administrative leadership and system-wide divisional structure, quality management, and standardization of operations and procedures. Among many benefits, this governance structure enabled the laboratories to respond to a series of unexpected events. Specifically, at our various service sites, the laboratories dealt with pandemic (2009), 2 floods (2010, 2012), 2 fires (2010, 2015), and laboratory floor subsidence (2013). We were also asked to provide support for a regional physician network facing abrupt loss of testing services from closure of another regional clinical laboratory (2010) and to intervene for a non-health system hospital threatened with closure owing to noncompliance of laboratory operations (2012). In all but a single instance, patient care was served without interruption in service. In the last instance, fire interrupted laboratory services for 30 minutes. We conclude that in a large integrated health system, threats to continuous laboratory operations are not infrequent when measured on an annual basis. While most threats are from external physical circumstances, some emanate from unexpected administrative events. A strong laboratory governance mechanism that includes unified medical and administrative leadership across the entirety of the laboratory service line enables successful responses to these threats., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: To evaluate cytologic differences between primary and metastatic specimens of colonic adenocarcinoma., Study Design: Fifty colonic brushings of primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and 50 specimens of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma were examined. The latter included fine needle aspirates of lung, liver and other sites and bronchial brushings., Results: In contrast to primary colonic adenocarcinomas, which typically showed large, hyperchromatic nuclei, many cases of metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma showed nuclei with fine, delicate chromatin and distinct nuclear membranes. Often occurring in conjunction with those two features were prominent nucleoli and thin internuclear pseudochannels separating adjacent nuclei. Other features noted in occasional metastatic cases but only rarely in primary specimens were small tumor cell size, uniformity and cohesiveness., Conclusion: The features delicate chromatin, distinct nuclear membranes and prominent nucleolus, with the occasional presence of thin internuclear pseudochannels, may be viewed as constituting a secondary cytologic pattern of colonic adenocarcinoma to complement the basic classic pattern of elongated cell shape; hyperchromatic, cigar-shaped nuclei; nucleoli; molding of nuclei; palisaded or glandular arrangement; and necrosis. Varying states of preservation and degeneration may explain many of these differences.