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1. Causes and consequences of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new?

Author

Fronhofer, Emanuel A., Bonte, Dries, Bestion, Elvire, Cote, Julien, Deshpande, Jhelam N., Duncan, Alison B., Hovestadt, Thomas, Kaltz, Oliver, Keith, Sally, Kokko, Hanna, Legrand, Delphine, Malusare, Sarthak P., Parmentier, Thomas, Saade, Camille, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, Zilio, Giacomo, and Massol, François

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Dispersal is a well recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in spatially structured communities and food webs. Since most natural systems are biodiverse and spatially structured, and thus affected by dispersal and its evolution, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here we discuss whether knowledge established in single-species systems holds in spatially structured multispecies systems and highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations in space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known drivers to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution in the increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems and an additional driver in co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches due to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality may lead to slower and more "diffuse" evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation.

Published
2023

9. Demography and movement patterns of a freshwater ciliate: The influence of oxygen availability.

Author

Brans, Victor, Manzi, Florent, Jacob, Staffan, and Schtickzelle, Nicolas

Subjects
TETRAHYMENA, FRESH water, FRESHWATER habitats, AEROBIC bacteria, OXYGEN, DEMOGRAPHY
Abstract

In freshwater habitats, aerobic animals and microorganisms can react to oxygen deprivation by a series of behavioural and physiological changes, either as a direct consequence of hindered performance or as adaptive responses towards hypoxic conditions. Since oxygen availability can vary throughout the water column, different strategies exist to avoid hypoxia, including that of active 'flight' from low‐oxygen sites. Alternatively, some organisms may invest in slower movement, saving energy until conditions return to more favourable levels, which may be described as a 'sit‐and‐wait' strategy. Here, we aimed to determine which, if any, of these strategies could be used by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila when faced with decreasing levels of oxygen availability in the culture medium. We manipulated oxygen flux into clonal cultures of six strains (i.e. genotypes) and followed their growth kinetics for several weeks using automated image analysis, allowing to precisely quantify changes in density, morphology and movement patterns. Oxygen effects on demography and morphology were comparable across strains: reducing oxygen flux decreased the growth rate and maximal density of experimental cultures, while greatly expanding the duration of their stationary phase. Cells sampled during their exponential growth phase were larger and had a more elongated shape under hypoxic conditions, likely mirroring a shift in resource investment towards individual development rather than frequent divisions. In addition to these general patterns, we found evidence for intraspecific variability in movement responses to oxygen limitation. Some strains showed a reduction in swimming speed, potentially associated with a 'sit‐and‐wait' strategy; however, the frequent alteration of movement paths towards more linear trajectories also suggests the existence of an inducible 'flight response' in this species. Considering the inherent costs of turns associated with non‐linear movement, such a strategy may allow ciliates to escape suboptimal environments at a low energetic cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Repertoire of food acquisition behaviors in Western Palearctic shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes).

Author

Baguette, Michel, Le Floch, Glenn, Hannier, Lyse, Kirchhoff, Florence, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, Stevens, Virginie M., and Bels, Vincent

Subjects
SHORE birds, CHARADRIIFORMES, PALEARCTIC, WATER depth, FORAGE, BIRD behavior, COMPETITION (Biology)
Abstract

Shorebirds are iconic examples of food resource partitioning through use of contrasted morphological structures to acquire food. Differences in beak lengths and shapes allow species catching their food at various sediment depths. Contrasted leg lengths allow species foraging at distinct water depths. Despite these morphological differences, shorebirds use a small number of stereotyped behaviors for food acquisition. We classify these behaviors by analyzing video sequences of ca. two dozen species of Western Palearctic shorebirds, during migration or wintering. We suggest disassembling food acquisition in three successive stages: foraging, feeding, and swallowing. The foraging stage regroups the locomotion behaviors associated to food detection, and the behaviors used during food capture. The feeding stage encompasses the handling behaviors used to kill or stun the prey and to extract its edible parts, and the behaviors used to transport the prey from the distal part of the beak to the bird’s pharynx. In the swallowing stage, the edible parts of the prey enter the pharynx. We show that three of these behaviors (locomotion, capture and transport) are made up of stereotypical, mutually exclusive components, and can be considered as performances. Each of our study species use one or maximum two components of these three performances. Overall, our study provides insights on interspecific variation in shorebird food acquisition behaviors that we put in a phylogenetic perspective. We confirm the long-standing hypothesis that pecking is the plesiomorphic behavior of food capture, and we show that those locomotion and transport behaviors associated with pecking differ from those associated with derived capture behaviors, leading to a syndrome of food acquisition behaviors in shorebirds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology

Author

Gould, Elliot, primary, Fraser, Hannah, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Nakagawa, Shinichi, additional, Griffith, Simon, additional, Vesk, Peter, additional, Fidler, Fiona, additional, Abbey-Lee, Robin, additional, Abbott, Jessica, additional, Aguirre, Luis, additional, Alcaraz, Carles, additional, Altschul, Drew, additional, Arekar, Kunal, additional, Atkins, Jeff, additional, Atkinson, Joe, additional, Barrett, Meghan, additional, Bell, Kristian, additional, Bello, Suleiman, additional, Berauer, Bernd, additional, Bertram, Michael, additional, Billman, Peter, additional, Blake, Charlie, additional, Blake, Shannon, additional, Bliard, Louis, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Bonnet, Timothée, additional, Bordes, Camille, additional, Bose, Aneesh, additional, Botterill-James, Thomas, additional, Boyd, Melissa, additional, Boyle, Sarah, additional, Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom, additional, Brand, Jack, additional, Brengdahl, Martin, additional, Bulla, Martin, additional, Bussière, Luc, additional, Camerlenghi, Ettore, additional, Campbell, Sara, additional, Campos, Leonardo, additional, Caravaggi, Anthony, additional, Cardoso, Pedro, additional, Carroll, Charles, additional, Catanach, Therese, additional, Chen, Xuan, additional, Chik, Heung Ying Janet, additional, Choy, Emily, additional, Christie, Alec, additional, Chuang, Angela, additional, Chunco, Amanda, additional, Clark, Bethany, additional, Cox, Murray, additional, Cressman, Kimberly, additional, Crouch, Connor, additional, D'Amelio, Pietro, additional, de Sousa, Alexandra, additional, Döbert, Timm, additional, Dobler, Ralph, additional, Dobson, Adam, additional, Doherty, Tim, additional, Drobniak, Szymon, additional, Duffy, Alexandra, additional, Dunn, Robert, additional, Dunning, Jamie, additional, Eberhart-Hertel, Luke, additional, Elmore, Jared, additional, Elsherif, Mahmoud, additional, English, Holly, additional, Ensminger, David, additional, Ernst, Ulrich, additional, Ferguson, Stephen, additional, Ferreira-Arruda, Thalita, additional, Fieberg, John, additional, Finch, Elizabeth, additional, Fiorenza, Evan, additional, Fisher, David, additional, Forstmeier, Wolfgang, additional, Fourcade, Yoan, additional, Francesca Santostefano, Francesca, additional, Frank, Graham, additional, Freund, Cathryn, additional, Gandy, Sara, additional, Gannon, Dustin, additional, García-Cervigón, Ana, additional, Géron, Charly, additional, Gilles, Marc, additional, Girndt, Antje, additional, Gliksman, Daniel, additional, Goldspiel, Harrison, additional, Gomes, Dylan, additional, Goslee, Sarah, additional, Gosnell, J., additional, Gratton, Paolo, additional, Grebe, Nicholas, additional, Greenler, Skye, additional, Griffith, Daniel, additional, Griffith, Frances, additional, Grossman, Jake, additional, Güncan, Ali, additional, Haesen, Stef, additional, Hagan, James, additional, Harrison, Natasha, additional, Hasnain, Sarah, additional, Havird, Justin, additional, Heaton, Andrew, additional, Hsu, Bin-Yan, additional, Iranzo, Esperanza, additional, Iverson, Erik, additional, Jimoh, Saheed, additional, Johnson, Douglas, additional, Johnsson, Martin, additional, Jorna, Jesse, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Jung, Martin, additional, Kačergytė, Ineta, additional, Ke, Alison, additional, Kelly, Clint, additional, Keogan, Katharine, additional, Keppeler, Friedrich, additional, Killion, Alexander, additional, Kim, Dongmin, additional, Kochan, David, additional, Korsten, Peter, additional, Kothari, Shan, additional, Kuppler, Jonas, additional, Kusch, Jillian, additional, Lagisz, Malgorzata, additional, Larkin, Daniel, additional, Larson, Courtney, additional, Lauck, Katherine, additional, Lauterbur, M., additional, Law, Alan, additional, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, additional, Lievens, Eva, additional, Lima, Daniela, additional, Lindsay, Shane, additional, Macphie, Kirsty, additional, Mair, Magdalena, additional, Malm, Lisa, additional, Mammola, Stefano, additional, Manhart, Michael, additional, Mäntylä, Elina, additional, Marchand, Philippe, additional, Marshall, Benjamin, additional, Martin, Dominic, additional, Martin, Jake, additional, Martin, Charles, additional, Martinig, April, additional, McCallum, Erin, additional, McNew, Sabrina, additional, Meiners, Scott, additional, Michelangeli, Marcus, additional, Moiron, Maria, additional, Moreira, Bruno, additional, Mortensen, Jennifer, additional, Mos, Benjamin, additional, Muraina, Taofeek, additional, Nelli, Luca, additional, Nilsonne, Gustav, additional, Nolazco, Sergio, additional, Nooten, Sabine, additional, Novotny, Jessie, additional, Olin, Agnes, additional, Organ, Chris, additional, Ostevik, Kate, additional, Palacio, Facundo, additional, Paquet, Matthieu, additional, Pascall, David, additional, Pasquarella, Valerie, additional, Payo-Payo, Ana, additional, Pedersen, Karen, additional, Perez, Grégoire, additional, Perry, Kayla, additional, Pottier, Patrice, additional, Proulx, Michael, additional, Proulx, Raphaël, additional, Pruett, Jessica, additional, Ramananjato, Veronarindra, additional, Randimbiarison, Finaritra, additional, Razafindratsima, Onja, additional, Rennison, Diana, additional, Riva, Federico, additional, Riyahi, Sepand, additional, Roast, Michael, additional, Rocha, Felipe, additional, Roche, Dominique, additional, Román-Palacios, Cristian, additional, Rosenberg, Michael, additional, Ross, Jessica, additional, Rowland, Freya, additional, Rugemalila, Deusdedith, additional, Russell, Avery, additional, Ruuskanen, Suvi, additional, Saccone, Patrick, additional, Sadeh, Asaf, additional, Salazar, Stephen, additional, sales, kris, additional, Salmón, Pablo, additional, Sanchez-Tojar, Alfredo, additional, Santos, Leticia, additional, Schilling, Hayden, additional, Schmidt, Marcus, additional, Schmoll, Tim, additional, Schneider, Adam, additional, Schrock, Allie, additional, Schroeder, Julia, additional, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, additional, Schultz, Nick, additional, Scott, Drew, additional, Shapiro, Julie, additional, Sharma, Nitika, additional, Shearer, Caroline, additional, Sitvarin, Michael, additional, Skupien, Fabrício, additional, Slinn, Heather, additional, Smith, Jeremy, additional, Smith, Grania, additional, Sollmann, Rahel, additional, Stack Whitney, Kaitlin, additional, Still, Shannon, additional, Stuber, Erica, additional, Sutton, Guy, additional, Swallow, Ben, additional, Taff, Conor, additional, Takola, Elina, additional, Tanentzap, Andrew, additional, Thawley, Christopher, additional, Tortorelli, Claire, additional, Trlica, Andrew, additional, Turnell, Biz, additional, Urban, Lara, additional, Van de Vondel, Stijn, additional, van Oordt, Francis, additional, Vanderwel, Mark, additional, Vanderwel, K., additional, Vanderwolf, Karen, additional, Verrelli, Brian, additional, Vieira, Marcus, additional, Vollering, Julien, additional, Walker, Xanthe, additional, Walter, Jonathan, additional, Waryszak, Pawel, additional, Weaver, Ryan, additional, Weller, Daniel, additional, Whelan, Shannon, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Wolfson, David, additional, Wood, Andrew, additional, Yanco, Scott, additional, Yen, Jian, additional, Youngflesh, Casey, additional, Zilio, Giacomo, additional, Zimmer, Cédric, additional, Zitomer, Rachel, additional, Villamil, Nora, additional, and Tompkins, Emily, additional

Published
2023
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15. Bottom-up and top-down control of dispersal across major organismal groups

Author

Fronhofer, Emanuel A., Legrand, Delphine, Altermatt, Florian, Ansart, Armelle, Blanchet, Simon, Bonte, Dries, Chaine, Alexis, Dahirel, Maxime, De Laender, Frederik, De Raedt, Jonathan, di Gesu, Lucie, Jacob, Staffan, Kaltz, Oliver, Laurent, Estelle, Little, Chelsea J., Madec, Luc, Manzi, Florent, Masier, Stefano, Pellerin, Felix, Pennekamp, Frank, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, Therry, Lieven, Vong, Alexandre, Winandy, Laurane, and Cote, Julien

Published
2018
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29. Dispersal syndromes in challenging environments: A cross‐species experiment

Author

Cote, Julien, primary, Dahirel, Maxime, additional, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, additional, Altermatt, Florian, additional, Ansart, Armelle, additional, Blanchet, Simon, additional, Chaine, Alexis S., additional, De Laender, Frederik, additional, De Raedt, Jonathan, additional, Haegeman, Bart, additional, Jacob, Staffan, additional, Kaltz, Oliver, additional, Laurent, Estelle, additional, Little, Chelsea J., additional, Madec, Luc, additional, Manzi, Florent, additional, Masier, Stefano, additional, Pellerin, Felix, additional, Pennekamp, Frank, additional, Therry, Lieven, additional, Vong, Alexandre, additional, Winandy, Laurane, additional, Bonte, Dries, additional, Fronhofer, Emanuel A., additional, and Legrand, Delphine, additional

Published
2022
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35. Dossier technique : Caractérisation de l'habitat et de la connectivité : de l'approche structurelle à l'approche fonctionnelle - Illustration avec les papillons de jour

Author

Brans, Victor, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity

Abstract

Modéliser l’habitat d’espèces cibles permet de mieux identifier les actions à prendre pour les protéger. Les papillons n’y font pas exception. Historiquement, l’habitat a surtout été caractérisé via une approche structurelle visant à identifier les biotopes fréquentés par l’espèce, indépendamment des variations dans ces biotopes et de ce qui se trouve aux alentours. C’est une approche facile, mais qu’en est-il de son efficacité ? Arrive-t-elle à correctement identifier l’habitat des papillons ? Existerait-il une alternative ? Serait-il possible d’appliquer les mêmes raisonnements à la connectivité ?

Published
2022

47. Population dynamics and asynchrony at fine spatial scales: a case history of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population structure in Alaska, USA

Author

Quinn, Thomas P., Rich, Jr., Harry B., Gosse, Dido, and Schtickzelle, Nicolas

Subjects
Population biology -- Research, Sockeye salmon -- Environmental aspects, Fish populations -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) exemplify the ways in which populations are structured by homing and the abiotic factors affecting their dynamics in discrete breeding and rearing habitats. What is the finest spatial scale of their population structure, and where do clusters of spatially proximate breeding groups lie along the continuum from isolated populations --metapopulation--patchy panmictic population? To investigate these questions, we monitored sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, spawning in a complex of habitats ~1 km apart, joining to form a single stream flowing into Iliamna Lake, Alaska, USA. Annual surveys revealed levels of asynchrony in productivity that were comparable with values reported for sockeye salmon spawning in separate streams flowing into lakes elsewhere in Bristol Bay. A mark-recapture study revealed very little movement of spawning adults among habitats. The ponds occupied at highest density varied among years, and salmon consistently arrived and spawned later in one pond than the others. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the salmon structured as a small-scale metapopulation rather than a single panmictic population. Les saumons du Pacifique (Oncorhynchus spp.) illustrent bien les facons dont les populations sont structurees par leur comportement de retour a la frayere natale et par les facteurs abiotiques qui affectent leur dynamique dans des habitats discontinus de reproduction et d'elevage. Quelle est donc l'echelle spatiale la plus fine de leur structure demographique? Ou se placent les regroupements de peuplements de reproducteurs rapproches dans l'espace le long du continuum forme par les populations isolees, la metapopulation et la population panmictique a repartition contagieuse? Afin de repondre a ces questions, nous avons suivi des saumons rouges, Onchorhynchus nerka, qui se reproduisent dans un complexe d' habitats, eloignes l' un de l' autre d' environ 1 km, puis reunis pour former un seul cours d' eau qui se jette dans le lac Iliamna, Alaska, E.-U. Des inventaires annuels revelent des niveaux d'asynchronisme dans la productivite qui se comparent aux valeurs signalees chez les saumons rouges qui fraient dans des cours d'eau separes, tributaires de lacs ailleurs dans la baie de Bristol. Une etude de marquage-recapture montre qu'il y a tres peu de deplacements des adultes en fraie entre les habitats. Les etangs occupes aux densites maximales varient d' une annee a l' autre et les saumons arrivent et fraient toujours plus tard dans l'un des etangs que dans les autres. Ces resultats concordent avec l'hypothese qui veut que les saumons soient organises en une metapopulation a petite echelle plutot qu'en une seule population panmictique. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Populations within species that are geographically isolated, exposed to different biotic and abiotic conditions, and with virtually no exchange of individuals should show little if any synchrony in dynamics, [...]

Published
2012
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