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1. In-Orbit Performance of the GRACE Follow-on Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Abich, Klaus, primary, Abramovici, Alexander, additional, Amparan, Bengie, additional, Baatzsch, Andreas, additional, Okihiro, Brian Bachman, additional, Barr, David C., additional, Bize, Maxime P., additional, Bogan, Christina, additional, Braxmaier, Claus, additional, Burke, Michael J., additional, Clark, Ken C., additional, Dahl, Christian, additional, Dahl, Katrin, additional, Danzmann, Karsten, additional, Davis, Mike A., additional, de Vine, Glenn, additional, Dickson, Jeffrey A., additional, Dubovitsky, Serge, additional, Eckardt, Andreas, additional, Ester, Thomas, additional, Barranco, Germán Fernández, additional, Flatscher, Reinhold, additional, Flechtner, Frank, additional, Folkner, William M., additional, Francis, Samuel, additional, Gilbert, Martin S., additional, Gilles, Frank, additional, Gohlke, Martin, additional, Grossard, Nicolas, additional, Guenther, Burghardt, additional, Hager, Philipp, additional, Hauden, Jerome, additional, Heine, Frank, additional, Heinzel, Gerhard, additional, Herding, Mark, additional, Hinz, Martin, additional, Howell, James, additional, Katsumura, Mark, additional, Kaufer, Marina, additional, Klipstein, William, additional, Koch, Alexander, additional, Kruger, Micah, additional, Larsen, Kameron, additional, Lebeda, Anton, additional, Lebeda, Arnold, additional, Leikert, Thomas, additional, Liebe, Carl Christian, additional, Liu, Jehhal, additional, Lobmeyer, Lynette, additional, Mahrdt, Christoph, additional, Mangoldt, Thomas, additional, McKenzie, Kirk, additional, Misfeldt, Malte, additional, Morton, Phillip R., additional, Müller, Vitali, additional, Murray, Alexander T., additional, Nguyen, Don J., additional, Nicklaus, Kolja, additional, Pierce, Robert, additional, Ravich, Joshua A., additional, Reavis, Gretchen, additional, Reiche, Jens, additional, Sanjuan, Josep, additional, Schütze, Daniel, additional, Seiter, Christoph, additional, Shaddock, Daniel, additional, Sheard, Benjamin, additional, Sileo, Michael, additional, Spero, Robert, additional, Spiers, Gary, additional, Stede, Gunnar, additional, Stephens, Michelle, additional, Sutton, Andrew, additional, Trinh, Joseph, additional, Voss, Kai, additional, Wang, Duo, additional, Wang, Rabi T., additional, Ware, Brent, additional, Wegener, Henry, additional, Windisch, Steve, additional, Woodruff, Christopher, additional, Zender, Bernd, additional, and Zimmermann, Marcus, additional

Published
2019
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2. On orbit performance of the GRACE Follow-On Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Abich, Klaus, Braxmaier, Claus, Gohlke, Martin, Sanjuan, Josep, Abramovici, Alexander, Okihiro, Brian Bachman, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., de Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Katsumura, Mark, Klipstein, William, Larsen, Kameron, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, McKenzie, Kirk, Morton, Phillip R., Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Ravich, Joshua A., Shaddock, Daniel, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Woodruff, Christopher, Amparan, Bengie, Davis, Mike A., Howell, James, Kruger, Micah, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Pierce, Robert, Reavis, Gretchen, Sileo, Michael, Stephens, Michelle, Baatzsch, Andreas, Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Gilles, Frank, Hager, Philipp, Herding, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Nicklaus, Kolja, Voss, Kai, Bogan, Christina, Danzmann, Karsten, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Heinzel, Gerhard, Koch, Alexander, Mahrdt, Christoph, Misfeldt, Malte, Müller, Vitali, Reiche, Jens, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, Wegener, Henry, Eckardt, Andreas, Guenther, Burghardt, Mangoldt, Thomas, Zender, Bernd, Ester, Thomas, Heine, Frank, Seiter, Christoph, Windisch, Steve, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Grossard, Nicolas, Hauden, Jerome, Hinz, Martin, Leikert, Thomas, Zimmermann, Marcus, Lebeda, Anton, Lebeda, Arnold, Abich, Klaus, Braxmaier, Claus, Gohlke, Martin, Sanjuan, Josep, Abramovici, Alexander, Okihiro, Brian Bachman, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., de Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Katsumura, Mark, Klipstein, William, Larsen, Kameron, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, McKenzie, Kirk, Morton, Phillip R., Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Ravich, Joshua A., Shaddock, Daniel, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Woodruff, Christopher, Amparan, Bengie, Davis, Mike A., Howell, James, Kruger, Micah, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Pierce, Robert, Reavis, Gretchen, Sileo, Michael, Stephens, Michelle, Baatzsch, Andreas, Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Gilles, Frank, Hager, Philipp, Herding, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Nicklaus, Kolja, Voss, Kai, Bogan, Christina, Danzmann, Karsten, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Heinzel, Gerhard, Koch, Alexander, Mahrdt, Christoph, Misfeldt, Malte, Müller, Vitali, Reiche, Jens, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, Wegener, Henry, Eckardt, Andreas, Guenther, Burghardt, Mangoldt, Thomas, Zender, Bernd, Ester, Thomas, Heine, Frank, Seiter, Christoph, Windisch, Steve, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Grossard, Nicolas, Hauden, Jerome, Hinz, Martin, Leikert, Thomas, Zimmermann, Marcus, Lebeda, Anton, and Lebeda, Arnold

Abstract

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degree of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wavefront sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of $1\,{\rm nm}/\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz.

Published
2019
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3. In-Orbit Performance of the GRACE Follow-on Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Abich, Klaus, Abramovici, Alexander, Amparan, Bengie, Baatzsch, Andreas, Bachmann Okihiro, Brian, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Danzmann, Karsten, Davis, Mike A., De Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Eckardt, Andreas, Ester, Thomas, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Gilles, Frank, Gohlke, Martin, Grossard, Nicolas, Guenther, Burghardt, Hager, Philipp, Hauden, Jerome, Heine, Frank, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Hinz, Martin, Howell, James, Katsumura, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Klipstein, William, Koch, Alexander, Kruger, Micah, Larsen, Kameron, Lebeda, Anton, Lebeda, Arnold, Leikert, Thomas, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Mahrdt, Christoph, Mangoldt, Thomas, McKenzie, Kirk, Misfeldt, Malte, Morton, Philip R., Müller, Vitali, Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Nicklaus, Kolja, Pierce, Robert, Ravich, Joshua A., Reavis, Gretchen, Reiche, Jens, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Seiter, Christoph, Shaddock, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Sileo, Michael, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Stede, Gunnar, Stephens, Michelle, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Voss, Kai, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Wegener, Henry, Windisch, Steve, Woodruff, Christopher, Zender, Bernd, Zimmermann, Marcus, Abich, Klaus, Abramovici, Alexander, Amparan, Bengie, Baatzsch, Andreas, Bachmann Okihiro, Brian, Barr, David C., Bize, Maxime P., Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Burke, Michael J., Clark, Ken C., Dahl, Christian, Dahl, Katrin, Danzmann, Karsten, Davis, Mike A., De Vine, Glenn, Dickson, Jeffrey A., Dubovitsky, Serge, Eckardt, Andreas, Ester, Thomas, Barranco, Germán Fernández, Flatscher, Reinhold, Flechtner, Frank, Folkner, William M., Francis, Samuel, Gilbert, Martin S., Gilles, Frank, Gohlke, Martin, Grossard, Nicolas, Guenther, Burghardt, Hager, Philipp, Hauden, Jerome, Heine, Frank, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Hinz, Martin, Howell, James, Katsumura, Mark, Kaufer, Marina, Klipstein, William, Koch, Alexander, Kruger, Micah, Larsen, Kameron, Lebeda, Anton, Lebeda, Arnold, Leikert, Thomas, Liebe, Carl Christian, Liu, Jehhal, Lobmeyer, Lynette, Mahrdt, Christoph, Mangoldt, Thomas, McKenzie, Kirk, Misfeldt, Malte, Morton, Philip R., Müller, Vitali, Murray, Alexander T., Nguyen, Don J., Nicklaus, Kolja, Pierce, Robert, Ravich, Joshua A., Reavis, Gretchen, Reiche, Jens, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Seiter, Christoph, Shaddock, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Sileo, Michael, Spero, Robert, Spiers, Gary, Stede, Gunnar, Stephens, Michelle, Sutton, Andrew, Trinh, Joseph, Voss, Kai, Wang, Duo, Wang, Rabi T., Ware, Brent, Wegener, Henry, Windisch, Steve, Woodruff, Christopher, Zender, Bernd, and Zimmermann, Marcus

Abstract

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission has provided the first laser interferometric range measurements between remote spacecraft, separated by approximately 220 km. Autonomous controls that lock the laser frequency to a cavity reference and establish the 5 degrees of freedom two-way laser link between remote spacecraft succeeded on the first attempt. Active beam pointing based on differential wave front sensing compensates spacecraft attitude fluctuations. The LRI has operated continuously without breaks in phase tracking for more than 50 days, and has shown biased range measurements similar to the primary ranging instrument based on microwaves, but with much less noise at a level of 1 nm/Hz at Fourier frequencies above 100 mHz. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

4. Laser ranging interferometer for GRACE follow-on

Author

Danzmann, Karsten, primary, Dehne, Marina, primary, Gerberding, Oliver, primary, Schütze, Daniel, primary, Stede, Gunnar, primary, Spero, Robert, primary, Shaddock, Daniel, primary, Heinzel, Gerhard, primary, Sheard, Benjmin, primary, Brause, Nils, primary, Mahrdt, Christoph, primary, Müller, Vitali, primary, Klipstein, William, primary, Folkner, William M., primary, Nicklaus, Kolja, primary, and Gath, Peter, primary

Published
2017
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6. Measuring Earth: Current status of the GRACE Follow-On Laser Ranging Interferometer

Author

Schütze, Daniel and Schütze, Daniel

Abstract

The GRACE mission that was launched in 2002 has impressively proven the feasibility of low-orbit satellite-to-satellite tracking for Earth gravity observations. Especially mass transport related to Earth's hydrological system could be well resolved both spatially and temporally. This allows to study processes such as polar ice sheet decline and ground water depletion in great detail. Owing to GRACE's success, NASA and GFZ will launch the successor mission GRACE Follow-On in 2017. In addition to the microwave ranging system, GRACE Follow-On will be the first mission to use a Laser Ranging Interferometer as technology demonstrator to track intersatellite distance changes with unprecedented precision. This new ranging device inherits some of the technologies which have been developed for the future spaceborne gravitational wave detector LISA. I will present the architecture of the Laser Ranging Interferometer, point out similarities and differences to LISA, and conclude with the current status of the flight hardware production.

Published
2016

7. Laser Ranging Interferometer for GRACE follow-on.

Author

Heinzel, Gerhard, Sheard, Benjmin, Brause, Nils, Danzmann, Karsten, Dehne, Marina, Gerberding, Oliver, Mahrdt, Christoph, Müller, Vitali, Schütze, Daniel, Stede, Gunnar, Klipstein, William, Folkner, William, Spero, Robert, Nicklaus, Kolja, Gath, Peter, and Shaddock, Daniel

Published
2017
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8. GRACE-Follow on Laser Ranging Interferometer: German contribution

Author

Abich, Klaus, Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Danzmann, Karsten, Dehne, Marina, Gohlke, Martin, Görth, Alexander, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Mahrdt, Christoph, Müller, Vitali, Nicklaus, Kolja, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, Voss, Kai, Abich, Klaus, Bogan, Christina, Braxmaier, Claus, Danzmann, Karsten, Dehne, Marina, Gohlke, Martin, Görth, Alexander, Heinzel, Gerhard, Herding, Mark, Mahrdt, Christoph, Müller, Vitali, Nicklaus, Kolja, Sanjuan, Josep, Schütze, Daniel, Sheard, Benjamin, Stede, Gunnar, and Voss, Kai

Abstract

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is a joint US/German mission that has been mapping the Earth's gravity field since 2002 by measuring the distance variations between two spacecraft using a micro-wave link. GRACE is reaching the end of its lifetime. For this reason and in order to minimize data gaps, an almost identical mission will be launched in 2017. This mission is called GRACE-Follow On (GRACE-FO) and it will include an additional instrument as a technological demonstrator to monitor distance changes between the spacecraft. This instrument is the Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI), which is based on heterodyne laser interferometry at 1064 nm and takes advantage of many technologies developed for LISA. In this paper a short overview of the current status of the German contribution is presented.

Published
2015

9. Influence of side groups on the performance of infrared absorbing aza‐BODIPY organic solar cells

Author

Kraner, Stefan, primary, Widmer, Johannes, additional, Benduhn, Johannes, additional, Hieckmann, Ellen, additional, Jägeler‐Hoheisel, Till, additional, Ullbrich, Sascha, additional, Schütze, Daniel, additional, Sebastian Radke, K., additional, Cuniberti, Gianaurelio, additional, Ortmann, Frank, additional, Lorenz‐Rothe, Melanie, additional, Meerheim, Rico, additional, Spoltore, Donato, additional, Vandewal, Koen, additional, Koerner, Christian, additional, and Leo, Karl, additional

Published
2015
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10. GRACE-Follow On Laser Ranging Interferometer: German contribution

Author

Abich, Klaus, primary, Bogan, Christina, additional, Braxmaier, Claus, additional, Danzmann, Karsten, additional, Dehne, Marina, additional, Gohlke, Martin, additional, Görth, Alexander, additional, Heinzel, Gerhard, additional, Herding, Mark, additional, Mahrdt, Christoph, additional, Müller, Vitali, additional, Nicklaus, Kolja, additional, Sanjuan, Josep, additional, Schütze, Daniel, additional, Sheard, Benjamin, additional, Stede, Gunnar, additional, and Voss, Kai, additional

Published
2015
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11. Wider die Verschleuderung von Unternehmen durch Pfandversteigerung

Author

Schütze, Daniel

Subjects
jel:K00, jel:K22, auction,auction of equity participation,auction of the pledge,public auction of the pledge,public auction by a notary,public notice,examination of the pledge,data room,formal rules of a public auction, jel:K19
Abstract

Pledges on shares and stocks are common as securities for loans. New are the attempts by pledgees to sell pledges in public auctions. The questions regarding the requirements for such public auctions have not been answered either by Ge rman court decisions or literature. This fact helps the pledgees to buy the former pledges in public auctions themselves at a price much lower than their fair market value. This makes it necessary in the interests of the pledgor to show which formal requirements the law provides for public auctions. These formal requirements should prohibit pledges from being sold for less than their fair market value.

Published
2004

15. Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space

Author

Wang, Yan, Keitel, David, Babak, Stanislav, Petiteau, Antoine, Otto, Markus, Barke, Simon, Kawazoe, Fumiko, Khalaidovski, Alexander, Müller, Vitali, Schütze, Daniel, Wittel, Holger, Danzmann, Karsten, Schutz, Bernard F., Wang, Yan, Keitel, David, Babak, Stanislav, Petiteau, Antoine, Otto, Markus, Barke, Simon, Kawazoe, Fumiko, Khalaidovski, Alexander, Müller, Vitali, Schütze, Daniel, Wittel, Holger, Danzmann, Karsten, and Schutz, Bernard F.

Abstract

We study for the first time a three-dimensional octahedron constellation for a space-based gravitational wave detector, which we call the Octahedral Gravitational Observatory (OGO). With six spacecraft the constellation is able to remove laser frequency noise and acceleration disturbances from the gravitational wave signal without needing LISA-like drag-free control, thereby simplifying the payloads and placing less stringent demands on the thrusters. We generalize LISA's time-delay interferometry to displacement-noise free interferometry (DFI) by deriving a set of generators for those combinations of the data streams that cancel laser and acceleration noise. However, the three-dimensional configuration makes orbit selection complicated. So far, only a halo orbit near the Lagrangian point L1 has been found to be stable enough, and this allows only short arms up to 1400 km. We derive the sensitivity curve of OGO with this arm length, resulting in a peak sensitivity of about $2\times10^{-23}\,\mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ near 100 Hz. We compare this version of OGO to the present generation of ground-based detectors and to some future detectors. We also investigate the scientific potentials of such a detector, which include observing gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the stochastic background and pulsars as well as the possibility to test alternative theories of gravity. We find a mediocre performance level for this short-arm-length detector, between those of initial and advanced ground-based detectors. Thus, actually building a space-based detector of this specific configuration does not seem very efficient. However, when alternative orbits that allow for longer detector arms can be found, a detector with much improved science output could be constructed using the octahedron configuration and DFI solutions demonstrated in this paper. (abridged), Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, revtex4-1, matches version accepted by PRD

Published
2013
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17. Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space

Author

Wang, Yan, primary, Keitel, David, additional, Babak, Stanislav, additional, Petiteau, Antoine, additional, Otto, Markus, additional, Barke, Simon, additional, Kawazoe, Fumiko, additional, Khalaidovski, Alexander, additional, Müller, Vitali, additional, Schütze, Daniel, additional, Wittel, Holger, additional, Danzmann, Karsten, additional, and Schutz, Bernard F., additional

Published
2013
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21. Synthesis and characterization of Fe‐doped LiNbO3nanocrystals from a triple‐alkoxide method

Author

Knabe, Bastian, Schütze, Daniel, Jungk, Tobias, Svete, Matthias, Assenmacher, Wilfried, Mader, Werner, and Buse, Karsten

Abstract

Nanocrystals of Fe/LiNbO3were synthesized from Li(OC2H5), Nb(OC2H5)5, and Fe(OC2H5)3using a triple alkoxide sol–gel method with Fe‐dopings of 0.5 and 1 mol%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction proves the samples to be phase‐pure and crystalline. The size of the crystals as determined by Scherrer equation and transmission electron microscopy is below 50 nm. Iron is distributed homogeneously within the crystals as shown with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Ferroelectricity is verified by piezoresponse force microscopy. Vacuum annealing enables to control the Fe2+/Fe3+‐concentration ratio from 0.1 to 0.9 with a reduction onset temperature of 200 °C.

Published
2011
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22. Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space.

Author

Yan Wang, David Keite, Babak, Stanislav, Petiteau, Antoine, Otto, Markus, Barke, Simon, Kawazoe, Fumiko, Khalaidovski, Alexander, Müller, Vitali, Schütze, Daniel, Wittel, Holger, Danzmann, Karsten, and Schutz, Bernard F.

Subjects
*GRAVITATION, *GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors, *THREE-dimensional imaging in astronomy, *ASTRONOMICAL observations, *TIME delay systems, *INTERFEROMETRY
Abstract

We study for the first time a three-dimensional octahedron constellation for a space-based gravitational wave detector, which we call the octahedral gravitational observatory (OGO). With six spacecraft the constellation is able to remove laser frequency noise and acceleration disturbances from the gravitational wave signal without needing LISA-like drag-free control, thereby simplifying the payloads and placing less stringent demands on the thrusters. We generalize LISA'S time-delay interferometry to displacementnoise free interferometry (DFI) by deriving a set of generators for those combinations of the data streams that cancel laser and acceleration noise. However, the three-dimensional configuration makes orbit selection complicated. So far, only a halo orbit near the Lagrangian point LÍ has been found to be stable enough, and this allows only short arms up to 1400 km. We derive the sensitivity curve of OGO with this arm length, resulting in a peak sensitivity of about 2 X 10-23 Hz- 1/2 near 100 Hz. We compare this version of OGO to the present generation of ground-based detectors and to some future detectors. We also investigate the scientific potentials of such a detector, which include observing gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the stochastic background, and pulsars as well as the possibility to test alternative theories of gravity. We find a mediocre performance level for this short arm length detector, between those of initial and advanced ground-based detectors. Thus, actually building a space-based detector of this specific configuration does not seem very efficient. However, when alternative orbits that allow for longer detector arms can be found, a detector with much improved science output could be constructed using the octahedron configuration and DFI solutions demonstrated in this paper. Also, since the sensitivity of a DFI detector is limited mainly by shot noise, we discuss how the overall sensitivity could be improved by using advanced technologies that reduce this particular noise source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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