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1. Are there too many fern genera?

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric, Rouhan, Germinal, Pryer, Kathleen M, Rothfels, Carl J, Prado, Jefferson, Sundue, Michael A, Windham, Michael D, Moran, Robbin C, and Smith, Alan R

Subjects
Evolutionary Biology, Plant Biology
Published
2018

3. Transcriptome sequencing reveals genome-wide variation in molecular evolutionary rate among ferns

Author

Grusz, Amanda L, Rothfels, Carl J, and Schuettpelz, Eric

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Evolution, Molecular, Ferns, Genome, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Transcriptome, Adiantum, Molecular evolution, Nucleotide substitution rate, Vittarioid ferns, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundTranscriptomics in non-model plant systems has recently reached a point where the examination of nuclear genome-wide patterns in understudied groups is an achievable reality. This progress is especially notable in evolutionary studies of ferns, for which molecular resources to date have been derived primarily from the plastid genome. Here, we utilize transcriptome data in the first genome-wide comparative study of molecular evolutionary rate in ferns. We focus on the ecologically diverse family Pteridaceae, which comprises about 10 % of fern diversity and includes the enigmatic vittarioid ferns-an epiphytic, tropical lineage known for dramatically reduced morphologies and radically elongated phylogenetic branch lengths. Using expressed sequence data for 2091 loci, we perform pairwise comparisons of molecular evolutionary rate among 12 species spanning the three largest clades in the family and ask whether previously documented heterogeneity in plastid substitution rates is reflected in their nuclear genomes. We then inquire whether variation in evolutionary rate is being shaped by genes belonging to specific functional categories and test for differential patterns of selection.ResultsWe find significant, genome-wide differences in evolutionary rate for vittarioid ferns relative to all other lineages within the Pteridaceae, but we recover few significant correlations between faster/slower vittarioid loci and known functional gene categories. We demonstrate that the faster rates characteristic of the vittarioid ferns are likely not driven by positive selection, nor are they unique to any particular type of nucleotide substitution.ConclusionsOur results reinforce recently reviewed mechanisms hypothesized to shape molecular evolutionary rates in vittarioid ferns and provide novel insight into substitution rate variation both within and among fern nuclear genomes.

Published
2016

5. Polyploid goldback and silverback ferns (Pentagramma) occupy a wider, colder, and wetter bioclimatic niche than diploid counterparts.

Author

Wefferling, Keir M., Castro, Mariana, Castro, Sílvia, Holmlund, Helen, Loureiro, João, Rothfels, Carl J., and Schuettpelz, Eric

Subjects
GENOME size, PTERIDACEAE, PLOIDY, FLOW cytometry, CHROMOSOMES, FERNS
Abstract

Premise: The western North American fern genus Pentagramma (Pteridaceae) is characterized by complex patterns of ploidy variation, an understanding of which is critical to comprehending both the evolutionary processes within the genus and its current diversity. Methods: We undertook a cytogeographic study across the range of the genus, using a combination of chromosome counts and flow cytometry to infer ploidy level. Bioclimatic variables and elevation were used to compare niches. Results: We found that diploids and tetraploids are common and widespread, and triploids are rare and sporadic; in contrast with genome size inferences in earlier studies, no hexaploids were found. Diploids and tetraploids show different geographic ranges: only tetraploids were found in the northernmost portion of the range (Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia) and only diploids were found in the Sierra Nevada of California. Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid cytotypes were found to co‐occur in relatively few localities: in the southern (San Diego County, California) and desert Southwest (Arizona) parts of the range, and along the Pacific Coast of California. Conclusions: Tetraploids occupy a wider bioclimatic niche than diploids both within P. triangularis and at the genus‐wide scale. It is unknown whether the wider niche of tetraploids is due to their expansion upon the diploid niche, if diploids have contracted their niche due to competition or changing abiotic conditions, or if this wider niche occupancy is due to multiple origins of tetraploids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

Author

Gomes‐da‐silva, Janaína, Filardi, Fabiana L.R., Barbosa, Maria Regina V., Baumgratz, José Fernando A., Bicudo, Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti, Taciana, Coelho, Marcus A.N., Costa, Andrea, Costa, Denise, Dalcin, Eduardo Couto, Labiak, Paulo, Lima, Haroldo, Lohmann, Lúcia, Maia, Leonor, Mansano, Vidal, Menezes, Mariângela, Morim, Marli, Moura, Carlos Wallace N., Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Peralta, Denilson, Prado, Jefferson, Roque, Nádia, Stehmann, João Renato, Sylvestre, Lana, Trierveiler‐pereira, Larissa, Walter, Bruno M.T., Zimbrão, Geraldo, Forzza, Rafaela, Abreu, Fernanda, Abreu, Maria, Abreu, Vanessa H.R., Acuña‐castillo, Rafael, Afonso, Edgar A.L., Agra, Leandro A.N.N., Agra, Maria, Aguiar, Daniel P.P., Aires, Elisa, Almeda, Frank, Almeida, Gracineide S.S., Almeida, Mariana, Almeida, Nicolli B.C., Almeida, Rafael, Almeida, Roberto B.P., Almeida, Thaís, Almeida, Eduardo, Alves, Daniela, Alves, Flávio, Alves, Karina N.L., Alves, Maria B.B., Alves, Rodolfo, Amaral, Maria C.E., Amaral, André L.S., Amélio, Leandro, Amorim, André M.A., Amorim, Bruno, Amorim, Eduardo, Amorim, Vivian, Andrade, Ivanilza, Andrade, Ray, André, Thiago, Andreata, Regina H.P., Andrino, Caroline, Ângulo, María, Anjos, Cassiane, Antar, Guilherme, Antonicelli, Mirian C.A., Antunes, Lorena l.C., Aona, Lidyanne Y.S., Arana, Marcelo, Aranha, João L.M., Araújo, Anderson G.A., Araujo, Andréa, Araújo, Camila, Araujo, Cintia A.T., Araujo, Flávia, Araújo, Mário H.T., Arbo, Maria, Arnou, Emily, Asprino, Renata, Assis, Francine, Assis, Leandro C.S., Assis, Marta, Athayde Filho, Francisco, Athiê‐souza, Sarah, Azevedo, Igor H.F., Bacci, Lucas, Barbosa, Camilo V.O., Barbosa, Juliana, Barbosa‐silva, Rafael, Barcellos, Ian, Barboza, Gloria, Barcelos, Flávia R.B., Barcelos, Laísa, Barreto, Kamilla l., Barros, Fábio, Barros, Thamires l.A., Barros‐barreto, Maria B.B., Bastos, Cid J.P., Bastos, Cláudia, Batista, João A.N., Batista, Marcella M.I., Bautista, Hortencia, Benelli, Adarilda, Berguecio, Nicolás, Bernacci, Luís, Beyer, Maila, Bezerra, Andrea C.C., Bezerra, Luísa M.P.A., Bezerra, Yuri R.L., Bianchetti, Luciano, Bigio, Narcísio, Biral, Leonardo, Bissoli, Vinícius, Bittencourt, Felipe, Bochorny, Thuane, Bohn, Amabily, Bohs, Lynn, Bojacá, Gabriel F.P., Boldorini, Abril, Boldrini, Ilsi, Bolson, Mônica, Bordin, Juçara, Bordon, Natali, Borges, Rafael A.X., Borges, Rodrigo l., Bortoluzzi, Roseli l.C., Bove, Claudia, Bovini, Massimo, Braga, João M.A., Braga, Nayara S.S., Branco, Suema, Brauner, Laiana, Braz, Denise, Bringel, João B.A., Brito, Antonio l.V.T., Brito, Eliete, Bruniera, Carla, Buchoski, Monica, Buck, William, Bueno, Norma, Bueno, Vinicius, Büneker, Henrique, Bünger, Mariana, Buril‐vital, Maria T.A., Burton, George, Cabral, Andressa, Cabral, Elsa l., Cabral, Fernanda, Cabral, Tiara, Caddah, Mayara, Caires, Claudenir, Caires, Taiara, Calazans, Luana S.B., Caldas, Diana K.D., Calió, Maria, Calvo, Joel, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S., Camargo, Rodrigo, Camelo, Mel, Campos‐rocha, Antonio, Cândido, Elisa, Canestraro, Bianca, Canto‐dorow, Thais, Cantuária, Patrick, Cara, Álison l., Cárdenas, Gabriela, Cardoso, Andréia, Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S., Cardoso, Jesiane, Cardoso, Leandro J.T., Cardoso, Pedro, Cardozo, Andrey l., M.D. Cardozo, Nállarett, Carmo, Dimas, Carmo, João A.M., Carneiro, Camila, Carneiro, Cláudia, Carrijo, Tatiana, Caruzo, Maria B.R., Carvalho, Catarina, Carvalho, Dariane A.S., Carvalho, Fernanda, Carvalho, Maria l.S., Carvalho, Jefferson, Carvalho‐silva, Micheline, Castello, Ana C.D., Castro, Márcia, Castro E Silva, Isabella, Catenacci, Fernanda, Cavalcanti, Laise, Cavalheiro, Larissa, Cervi, Armando, Chacon, Roberta, Chagas, Aline, Chagas, Earl C.O., Chautems, Alain, Chauveau, Olivier, Chequín, Renata, Christ, Anderson l., Christ, Jheniffer, Cidrão, Bruno, Clark, Lynn, Coelho, Alexa A.O.P., Coelho, Guilherme, Coelho, Rubens l.G., Colletta, Gabriel, Colli‐silva, Matheus, Conceição, Adilva, Conceição, Tulio, Condack, João P.S., Contro, Fernanda l., Cordeiro, Inês, Cordeiro, Luciana, Cordeiro, Wesley P.F.S., Côrtes, Ana l.A., Costa, Daniel, Costa, Fabiane, Costa, Fernanda S.N., Costa, Francisco C.P., Costa, Géssica A.G., Costa, Isabelle G.C.M., Costa, Itayguara, Costa, Jeferson, Costa, Jorge A.S., Costa, José G.S., Costa, Maria T.R., Costa, Mitchel I.A., Costa, Suzana, Costa, Thiago, Costa, Tiago, Costa E Silva, Maria, Costa‐lima, James l., Cota, Matheus M.T., Couceiro, Yuri S.V., Coutinho, Thales, Couto, Dayvid, Couto, Ricardo, Couvo, Anielly, Cyrillo, Stephany, Dal Molin, Luis, Dalastra, Claudenice, Damasceno, Rafaella G.L., de Lazzari, Lara R.P., Deble, Leonardo, Delfini, Carolina, Delgado Junior, Geadelande, Delgado‐salinas, Alfonso, Della, Aline, Delprete, Piero, Dematteis, Massimiliano, Dettke, Greta, Devecchi, Marcelo, Dewes, Talita, Di Maio, Fernando, Dias, Kauê N.L., Dias, Micheli, Dias, Pedro, Díaz, Yani C.A., Dittrich, Vinícius A.O., Domínguez, Yoannis, Dórea, Marcos, Dorneles, Mariane, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Marilia, Duran, Juan D.T., Dutilh, Julie H.A., Dutra, Letícia l., Dutra, Valquíria, Echternacht, Livia, Eggers, Lilian, Erkens, Roy H.J., Eslabão, Marcelo, Espírito Santo, Fábio, Esser, Hans‐joachim, Essi, Liliana, Esteves, Gerleni l., Esteves, Roberto l., Everling, Joel, Ezcurra, Cecilia, Facco, Marlon, Fader, Andrea A.C., Falcão, Marcus J.A., Fantecelle, Laura, Farco, Gabriela, Faria, Allan l.A., Faria, Ana P.G., Faria, Aparecida, Faria, Maria, Faria, Jair, Farias, Sabrina, Farias‐singer, Rosana, Farinaccio, Maria, Fernandes, Ana, Fernandes, Fernando, Fernandes, José, Fernandes, Rozijane, Fernandes, Thiago, Fernandes, Ulisses, Fernandes, Aluisio, Fernando, Emanoel M.P., Ferreira, Carlos D.M., Ferreira, Fabrício, Ferreira, Gabriel, Ferreira, João P.R., Ferreira, Priscila P.A., Ferreira, Silvana, Ferrucci, María, Fiaschi, Pedro, Fidanza, Karina, Filgueiras, Tarciso, Firetti, Fabiana, Fleischmann, Andreas, Florentín, Javier, Florentín, Mariela, Flores, Andréia, Flores, Jerônimo M.M., Flores, Thiago, Fonseca, Luiz H.M., Fontelas, Jean, Fontella‐pereira, Jorge, Forster, Wellington, Fraga, Claudio, Fraga, Fernanda R.M., Fraga, Santiago, França, Flávio, França, Juliana R.K.G., Francisco, Jéssica N.C., Freire‐fierro, Alina, Freitas, Fernanda, Freitas, Joelcio, Freitas, Maria, Fritsch, Peter, Funez, Luís, Furtado, Samyra, Gaem, Paulo, Gaglioti, André l., Gagnon, Edeline, Gama, Beatriz R.A., Garcia, Flávia C.P., Gasper, André l., Gerace, Samuele, Giacomin, Leandro l., Giaretta, Augusto, Gil, André S.B., Gissi, Danilo, Giuffre, Pamela M.W., Giulietti, Ana, Giussani, Liliana, Goebel, Gabriela, Goes, Monique, Góes, Luiz A.A., Goldenberg, Renato, Gomes, Beatriz, Gomes, Fernanda, Gomes, Mario, Gomes‐klein, Vera l., Gonçalez, Victor, Gonçalves, Ana P.S., Gonçalves, Deise J.P., Gonella, Paulo, Gonzaga, Augusto F.N., Gonzaga, Diego, González, Favio, Gonzatti, Felipe, Gouvêa, Yuri, Graham, Shirley A.T., Gregório, Bernarda, Grings, Martin, Groppo, Milton, Grossi, Mariana, Guarçoni, Elidio A.E., Guedes, Felipe, Guedes, Juliana, Guerra, Ethiéne, Guimarães, Elsie, Guimarães, Leonardo R.S., Guimarães, Paulo J.F., Gurgel, Ely S.C., Gutiérrez, Diego, Hall, Climbiê, Harley, Raymond, Hassemer, Gustavo, Hattori, Eric K.O., Hechenleitner, Paulina, Hefler, Sonia, Heiden, Gustavo, Henning, Tilo, Henriques, Diego, Hensold, Nancy, Hinoshita, Lucas K.R., Hirai, Regina, Hirao, Yasmin, Hiriart, Florencia, Hopkins, Michael J.G., Hoyos‐gómez, Saúl, Huamantupa, Isau, Hurbath, Fernanda, Iganci, João R.V., Ilkiu‐borges, Anna l., Imig, Daniela, Inácio, Camila, Indriunas, Alexandre, Jacques, Eliane l., Jacques, Suara S.A., Jaimes, Juliana, Jardim, Jomar, Jesus, Jôane, Jesus, Priscila, Jiménez‐mejías, Pedro, Johnson, David, Jordão, Lucas S.B., Jordão, Valner M.M., Jorge, Taciane, Kaehler, Miriam, Kameyama, Cíntia, Kataoka, Eric, Kessous, Igor, Kilipper, Julia, Kinoshita, Luiza, Klein, Viviane, Klitgaard, Bente, Knapp, Sandra, Koch, Ana, Koch, Ingrid, Kochanovski, Fábio, Kominami, Gabriel F.G., Konno, Tatiana U.P., Koschnitzke, Cristiana, Kotovski, Emília, Kriebel, Ricardo, Külkamp, Josimar, Leal, Brígida, Leal, Eduardo, Leite, Áurea C.F., Leite, Wellerson, Leitman, Paula, Lewis, Gwilym, Lima, Adriana, Lima, Alexandre, Lima, Duane F.S., Lima, Eliene, Lima, Jessica, Lima, Laíce F.G., Lima, Laura C.P., Lima, Letícia, Lima, Lucas, Lima, Luis F.P., Lima, Rita, Lima, Vanessa l., Link‐perez, Melanie, Lirio, Elton, Lobão, Adriana, Loeuille, Benoit F.P., Loiola, Maria I.B., Lombardi, Julio, Longhi‐wagner, Hilda, Lopes, Gabriel S.R., Lopes, Jenifer, Lopes, Letícia, Lopes, Raimundo, Lopes, Rosana, López, Maria, Lorencini, Tiago, Lorenzi, Harri, Lourenço, Ana R.L., Lourenço, Arthur, Louzada, Rafael, Lovo, Juliana, Lozano, Eduardo, Luber, Jaquelini, Lucas, Dióber, Lucas, Eve, Lüdtke, Raquel, Luebert, Federico, Luizi‐ponzo, Andrea, Luna, Bruna, Luna, Naédja K.M., Luz, Cíntia l.S., Machado, Anderson F.P., Machado, Evandro, Machado, Talita, Maciel, Jefferson, Maciel, Sebastião, Magalhães, Rodrigo, Magenta, Mara A.G., Maia, Talita, Mamede, Maria C.H., Marchioretto, Maria, Margalho, Luciano, Marinho, Lucas, Marques, Danilo, Marquete, Ronaldo, Marra, Raquel, Martins, Angela, Martins, Márcio l.L., Martins, Marcos B.S., Martins, Milena, Martins, Renata, Martins, Suzana, Masson, Victória, Matias, Ligia, Matos, Agnes M.M.V., Matos, Andreza, Matos, Fernando, Matozinhos, Carolina, Mattos, Cilene M.J., Mattos, Leticia, Matzenauer, William, Mauad, Anna V.S.R., Maya‐lastra, Carlos, Mayo, Simon, Mazine, Fiorella, Medeiros, Débora, Medeiros, Erika V.S.S., Medeiros, Herison, Medeiros, Maria C.M.P., Meerow, Alan, Meireles, Jose, Meireles, Leonardo, Meirelles, Julia, Melchor‐castro, Briggitthe, Mello, Zelia, Mello‐silva, Renato, Melo, André l., Melo, Caio V.V.D., Melo, Efigenia, Melo, José I.M., Mendes, Jone C.R., Mendes, Maria C.Q., Mendes‐silva, Ingrid, Meneguzzo, Thiago E.C., Menezes, Cristine, Menezes, Felipe G.P., Menini Neto, Luiz, Mentz, Lilian, Mesquita, Antônio l., Messias, Patrícia, Mezzonato‐pires, Ana, Michelangeli, Fabián, Miguel, João, Miguel, Laila, Milward‐de‐azevedo, Michaele, Miotto, Silvia T.S., Miranda, Cecília, Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitchell, John, Molina, José M.P., Mondin, Cláudio, Monge, Marcelo, Monteiro, Daniele, Monteiro, Fernanda K.S., Monteiro, Raquel, Monteiro, Silvana H.N., Monteiro, Thiago, Monzoli, João V.L., Moore, Paloma G.P., Mora, Martha, Moraes, Marta, Moraes, Mónica, Morales, Juan, Morales, Matías, Moran, Robbin, Moreira, André l.C., Moreira, Andréia D.R., Moreira, Ariane, Moreira, Bianca, Moreira, Giselle l., Moreira, Kassio V.C., Moreira, Pablo F.F., Morokawa, Rosemeri, Moroni, Pablo, Mota, Aline, Mota, Michelle C.A., Mota, Nara F.O., Moura, Beryl E.L., Moura, Ingridy, Moura, Luíza, Moura, Ricardo l., Moura, Tania, Mundim, Júlia, Muniz, Francisca, Muniz, Leticia, Muniz Filho, Eduardo, Mynssen, Claudine, Nakajima, Jimi, Nascimento, Janaina G.A., Nascimento, José, Nascimento, Silvia, Nepomuceno, Francisco A.A., Nervo, Michelle, Nery, Eduardo, Neves, Beatriz, Nóbrega, Giseli, Nogueira, Matheus G.C., Nunes, Annelise, Nunes, Clebiana, Nunes, Teonildes, Oellgaard, Benjamin, O'Leary, Nataly, Oliveira, Adriana l.R., Oliveira, Ana C.S., Oliveira, Andreza G.S., Oliveira, Aron, Oliveira, Bárbara, Oliveira, Caetano, Oliveira, Fernanda M.C., Oliveira, Filipe G.A., Oliveira, Gleison, Oliveira, Gustavo, Oliveira, Hermeson, Oliveira, Iasmin l.C., Oliveira, Joésili C.P., Oliveira, José F.C., Oliveira, Juliana, Oliveira, Juliana R.P.M., Oliveira, Leticia G.R., Oliveira, Lilian F.A., Oliveira, Lorena, Oliveira, Luciana S.D., Oliveira, Marcia C.R., Oliveira, Márcio l.B., Oliveira, Marcos G.M., Oliveira, Marise H.V., Oliveira, Marla I.U., Oliveira, Regina, Oliveira, Renata, Oliveira, Reyjane, Oliveira, Rodrigo C.G., Oliveira, Sylvia, Oliveira, Ykaro, Orlandini, Priscila, Orsolano, Guilherme, Pacífico, Ricardo, Paglia, Isis, Paiva, Gabrielle C.P., Paixão, Liliane, Pastore, José F.B., Pastore, Mayara, Pastori, Tamara, Paucar, Jenny O.A., Paula‐souza, Juliana, Pederneiras, Leandro, Peichoto, Myriam, Peixoto, Ariane l., Pell, Susan, Pellegrini, Marco O.O., Pena, Nelson T.L., Pennington, Richard, Pereira, Amanda P.N., Pereira, Andreza S.S., Pereira, Jovani B.S., Pereira, Maria, Pereira, Paulo E.E., Pereira, Sidney, Pereira‐silva, Rafaela, Perez, Ana P.F., Pessoa, Cleiton, Pessoa, Clenia, Pessoa, Edlley, Pessoa, Maria C.R., Petrongari, Fernanda, Philbrick, Thomas, Pignal, Marc, Pimenta, Karena, Pinto, Rafael, Pioner, Natália, Pirani, José, Pizzardo, Raquel, Plos, Anabela, Ponce, Marta, Pontes, Juliana, Pontes, Ricardo A.S., Pontes, Tiago, Pontes‐pires, Aline, Pott, Vali, Prado, Thainá, Praia, Talita, Prance, Ghillean, Prange, Carolina, Prata, Ana P.N., Prochazka, Luana, Proença, Carolyn E.B., Prudêncio, Renato X.A., Pscheidt, Allan, Quaresma, Aclebia, Quaresma, Aline, Queiroz, George, Queiroz, Luciano, Queiroz, Rubens, Quinet, Alexandre, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Geraldo J.P., Rando, Juliana, Rebouças, Natanael, Reginato, Marcelo, Reis, Miguel M.R., Reis, Priscila, Reis‐silva, Genilson, Ribas, Osmar, Ribeiro, André R.O., Ribeiro, Carolina l., Ribeiro, José E.L.S., Ribeiro, Michel, Ribeiro, Pétala, Ribeiro, Rayane T.M., Ribeiro, Ricardo, Ribeiro, Rogério, Riina, Ricarda, Ritter, Mara, Rivadavia, Fernando, Rivera, Vanessa l., Rizzo, Beatriz, Rocha, Antônio E.S., Rocha, Lamarck, Rocha, Maria J.R., Rodrigues, Carine, Rodrigues, Christchellyn, Rodrigues, Izabella M.C., Rodrigues, Marianna, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Sampaio, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz, Rodríguez, Juan F.C., Rodríguez, Pedro, Rollim, Isis, Romanini, Rebeca, Romão, Gerson, Romão, Marcos V.V., Romero, María, Romero, Rosana, Rosa, Bárbara, Rosa, Patrícia, Rosa, Priscila, Rosário, Alessandro, Rossa, Iago, Rossetto, Elson F.S., Rossi, Lucia, Rossini, Josiene, Royer, Carla, Rua, Gabriel, Sá, Cyl F.C., Saavedra, Mariana, Saka, Mariana, Sakuragui, Cassia, Salas, Roberto, Sales, Margareth, Salgado, Vanina, Salimena, Fátima R.G., Salino, Alexandre, Salvador, Rafael, Sampaio, Daniela, Sancho, Gisela, Sano, Paulo, Santana, Jéssica C.O., Santana, Karoline, Santana, Mariana, Santiago, Augusto C.P., Santos, Alessandra, Santos, Amanda P.B., Santos, Ana C.A.S., Santos, Andrea K.A., Santos, Carlos A.G., Santos, Emanuelle l., Santos, Felipe, Santos, Fernanda, Santos, João U.M., Santos, Karin, Santos, Leidiana l., Santos, Matheus, Santos, Otilene, Santos, Rafaela, Santos, Renata G.P., Santos, Thaíla V.A., Santos, Thiago, Santos, Vanessa, Santos‐silva, Fernanda, Santos‐silva, Juliana, São‐mateus, Wallace M.B., Saraiva, Deisy, Sarkinen, Tiina, Sartori, Ângela l.B., Sassone, Agostina, Sauthier, Luana, Scalon, Viviane, Scatigna, André, Schaefer, Juliana, Scheidegger, Najla M.B., Schliewe, Marcos, Schmidt, Eduard D.L., Schneider, Angelo, Schneider, Layla J.C., Schuettpelz, Eric, Schwartsburd, Pedro, Schwarz, Elizabeth, Scudeler, Ana l., Sebastiani, Renata, Secco, Ricardo, Secretti, Elisangela, Segalla, Rosane, Seleme, Elidiene, Semir, João, Senna, Luisa, Setubal, Robberson, Shimizu, Gustavo, Shirasuna, Regina, Silva, Adaíses S.M., Silva, Aline V.M., Silva, Amanda l., Silva, Anádria, Silva, Caroline C.A., Silva, Cassio, Silva, Christian, Silva, Cintia, Silva, Diego, Silva, Dilana, Silva, Fabio, Silva, Fernanda, Silva, Francismeire, Silva, Gabriel, Silva, Gledson, Silva, Guilherme, Silva, Gustavo H.L., Silva, João P.S., Silva, Juliana l., Silva, Juliene F.M., Silva, Leonardo, Silva, Lucas, Silva, Luciana, Silva, Luiza, Silva, Márcio, Silva, Marcio R.P., Silva, Marcos, Silva, Marcus F.O., Silva, Maria l.B., Silva, Maria S.D., Silva, Nilda M.F., Silva, Otávio l.M., Silva, Rafael, Silva, Raphael, Silva, Renata S.A., Silva, Renato, Silva, Ronaldo, Silva, Saura, Silva, Suelma, Silva, Tânia R.S., Silva, Tatiane, Silva, Thaynara, Silva, Wanderson l.S., Silva Filho, Pedro J.S., Silva‐castro, Milene, Silva‐cobra, Gisele, Silva‐gonçalves, Kelly, Silveira, Fernanda, Silveira, João, Silveira, Thamyres, Simão‐bianchini, Rosangela., Simões, Ana, Simões, André, Simon, Marcelo, Siniscalchi, Carolina, Siqueira, Carlos, Smidt, Eric, Smith, Alan, Smith, Nathan, Snak, Cristiane, Soares, Abel E.R., Soares, Arthur, Soares, Edson l.C., Soares, Kelen, Soares, Luanda, Soares, Marcos V.B., Soares, Maria l.C., Soares, Polyana, Soares, Raimundo, Sobrado, Sandra, Sobral, Marcos, Somner, Genise, Sothers, Cynthia, Sousa, Ana A.C., Sousa, Danilo J.L., Sousa, Francisco, Sousa, Gardene, Sousa, Hian C.F., Sousa, Leandro O.F., Sousa, Mayco W.S., Sousa, Valdeci, Souza, Aline, Souza, Bruno, Souza, Elnatan, Souza, Élvia, Souza, Filipe, Souza, Luzia, Souza, Marcelo, Souza, Maria A.D., Souza, Raquel M.B.S., Souza, Vinicius, Souza‐buturi, Fátima, Spina, Andréa, Stadnik, Aline M.S., Staggemeier, Vanessa, Stapf, María N.S., Stefano, Rodrigo, Stern, Stephen, Streher, Nathália, Suchoronczek, Andréia, Sundue, Michael, Takeuchi, Cátia, Tardivo, Rosângela, Taylor, Nigel, Teixeira, Michella D.R., Teles, Aristônio, Temponi, Livia, Thode, Verônica, Thomas, William, Tierno, Lorena, Tissot‐squalli, Mara, Toledo, Cássio A.P., Torke, Benjamin, Torres, Alicia, Torres, Daniela S.C., Torres‐leite, Filipe, Tozzi, Ana M.G.A., Trad, Rafaela, Trevisan, Rafael, Trovó, Marcelo, Tuler, Amélia, Tyrrell, Christopher, Udulutsch, Renata, Uribbe, Fernando, Vahl, Daiane, Valadares, Rodrigo, Valdemarin, Karinne, Valduga, Eduardo, Valente, Emilia, Valls, Jose F.M., van den Berg, Cássio, Vasconcelos, Liziane, Vasconcelos, Thaís N.C., Vasques, Diego, Vaz, Angela M.S.F., Versiane, Ana F.A., Versieux, Leonardo, Via Do Pico, Gisela, Viana, Pedro l., Vianna, Suelen, Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M., Vidal, Kaio V.A., Vidal, João, Vieira, Fábio C.S., Vieira, Jaqueline, Vieira, João P.S., Vieira, Lucas l.A., Vieira, Tamara A.F., Vieira, Tiago l., Viera‐barreto, Jéssica, Vignoli‐silva, Márcia, Vilas Bôas‐bastos, Silvana, Villarreal, Juan, Vincent, Michael, Vita, Marcela, Vitta, Fabio, Viveros, Raquel, Viviurka, Fernanda, Vogel Ely, Cleusa, Volet, Danilo, Völtz, Rafael, Wallnöfer, Bruno, Wanderley, Maria G.L., Watanabe, Mauricio T.C., Weber, Philipy A.P., Weigend, Maximilian, Welker, Cassiano A.D., Windisch, Paulo, Yoshikawa, Vania, Zamengo, Henrique, Zanatta, Maria R.V., Zannin, Ana, Zappi, Daniela, Zeferino, Laís, Zelenski, Andréia, Zuloaga, Fernando, Zuntini, Alexandre, Maastricht Science Programme, RS: FSE MSP, JANAÍNA GOMES-DA-SILVA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, FABIANA L. R. FILARDI, MARIA REGINA V. BARBOSA, UFPB, JOSÉ FERNANDO A. BAUMGRATZ, CARLOS E. M. BICUDO, TACIANA BARBOSA CAVALCANTI, Cenargen, MARCUS A. N. COELHO, Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas, ANDREA F. COSTA, DENISE P. COSTA, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, EDUARDO COUTO DALCIN, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute, PAULO LABIAK, UFPR, HAROLDO C. LIMA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, LÚCIA G. LOHMANN, USP, LEONOR C. MAIA, UFPE, VIDAL F. MANSANO, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, MARIÂNGELA MENEZES, UFRJ, MARLI P. MORIM, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CARLOS WALLACE N. MOURA, EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA, DENILSON F. PERALTA, JEFFERSON PRADO, Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, NÁDIA ROQUE, UFBA, JOÃO RENATO STEHMANN, LANA S. SYLVESTRE, UFRJ, LARISSA TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, BRUNO MACHADO TELES WALTER, Cenargen, GERALDO ZIMBRÃO, RAFAELA C. FORZZA, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Herbier de Guyane - IRD, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane])

Subjects
Grandes Datos, Natural history collections, natural history collections, América del Sur, Plant Science, Repositories, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Colecciones de Historia Natural, Taxonomic impediment, Biodiversidad, Big data, flora, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, big data, taxonomic impedimen, Repositorios, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Biodiversity, botany, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Impedimento Taxonómico, South America, collaboration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, repositories, Brazil
Abstract

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiver sity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxo nomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world’s known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world’s most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend be yond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still un equally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the coun try. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora. Fil: Gomes da Silva, Janaina. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Fil: Filardi, Fabiana L.R. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Barbosa, María Regina de V. Universidade Federal da Paraíba: Joao Pessoa; Brasil Fil: Baumgratz, José Fernando Andrade. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: de Mattos Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo. Instituto de Botânica. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia; Brasil Fil: Cavalcanti, Taciana. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia; Brasil Fil: Coelho, Marcus. Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Ferreira da Costa, Andrea. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Costa, Denise. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Dalcin, Eduardo C. Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Research Institute; Brasil Fil: Labiak, Paulo. Universidade Federal do Parana; Brasil Fil: Cavalcante de Lima, Haroldo. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Lohmann, Lucia. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil Fil: Maia, Leonor. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Mansano, Vidal de Freitas. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Menezes, Mariângela. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional. Department of Botany; Brasil Fil: Morim, Marli. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Moura, Carlos Wallace do Nascimento. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Department of Biological Science; Brasil Fil: Lughadha, Eimear NIck. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino Unido Fil: Peralta, Denilson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brazil Fil: Prado, Jefferson. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais; Brasil Fil: Roque, Nádia. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil Fil: Stehmann, Joao. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: da Silva Sylvestre, Lana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina; Brasil Fil: Walter, Bruno Machado Teles. EMBRAPA Cenargen Brasília; Brasil Fil: Zimbrão, Geraldo. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Forzza, Rafaela C. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Morales, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; Argentina

Published
2021

25. Phlegmariurus pseudovarius Rouhan & A. R. Field, comb. nov

Author

Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley, and Schuettpelz, Eric

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Lycopodiales, Lycopodiopsida, Lycopodiaceae, Phlegmariurus pseudovarius, Biodiversity, Plantae, Phlegmariurus, Taxonomy
Abstract

Phlegmariurus pseudovarius (Brownlie) Rouhan & A.R.Field, comb. nov. Basionym: Lycopodium pseudovarium Brownlie (1969: 23, t.1, f.13-15). Synonym: Huperzia pseudovaria (Brownlie) Holub (1991: 93). Type:— New Caledonia. Prov. Sud: Mont Humboldt, 1200 m, February 1872, B . Balansa 3558 (holotype P [P00523013!]). Notes:—Following the classification proposed by Field et al. (2016) and later retained by PPG I (2016), this species formerly placed in Huperzia Bernhardi (1801: 126) belongs in Phlegmariurus Holub (1964: 21). It is endemic to New Caledonia, but may possibly also occur in French Polynesia according to recent observations (J. Nitta, pers. com.). The type at P was determined in 2015 by A. Field as Phlegmariurus varius (Brown 1810: 165) A.R. Field & Bostock (2013: 49) due to the lack of the combination P. pseudovarius, and because he thought it may be a synonym of Phlegmariurus varius. More recent work provides evidence supporting P. pseudovarius as distinct, along with at least two other species in this complex (Field, unpublished data)., Published as part of Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley & Schuettpelz, Eric, 2021, Three new combinations and one lectotypification of fern and lycophyte taxa from the French overseas territories, pp. 54-56 in Phytotaxa 497 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5423814, {"references":["Brownlie, G. (1969) N ° 3 Pteridophytes. In: Aubreville, A. (Ed.) Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 308 pp.","Holub, J. (1991) Some taxonomic changes within Lycopodiales. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica 26 (1): 81 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02912943","Field, A. R., Testo, W., Bostock, P. D. B., Holtum, J. A. M. & Waycott, M. (2016) Molecular phylogenetics and the morphology of the Lycopodiaceae subfamily Huperzioideae supports three genera: Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 635 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2015.09.024","Bernhardi, J. J. (1801) Tentamen alterum filices in genera redigenda. Journal fur die Botanik (Schrader) 1800: 121 - 136.","Holub, J. (1964) Lycopodiella, novy rod radu Lycopodiales. Preslia 36: 16 - 22.","Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis 1802 - 1805 per oras utriusque insulae collegit et descripsit Robertus Brown; insertis passim aliis speciebus auctori hucusque cognitis, seu evulgatis, seu ineditis praesertim Banksianis, in primo itinere navarchi Cook detectis, 1. J. Johnson & Co., London. 590 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6720","Field, A. & Bostock, P. (2013) New and existing combinations in Palaeotropical Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) and lectotypification of the type species Phlegmariurus phlegmaria (L.) T. Sen & U. Sen. PhytoKeys 20: 33 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 20.4007"]}

Published
2021
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26. Antrophyopsis gigantea Rouhan, Boullet & Schuettp. 2021, comb. nov

Author

Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley, and Schuettpelz, Eric

Subjects
Tracheophyta, Pteridaceae, Antrophyopsis gigantea, Antrophyopsis, Polypodiales, Biodiversity, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, Taxonomy
Abstract

Antrophyopsis gigantea (Bory) Rouhan, Boullet & Schuettp., comb. nov. Basionym: Antrophyum giganteum Bory (1833: 36) Type:— Mauritius. Le Pouce, C. Bélanger s.n. (lectotype P [P00483382!], hic designatus; isolectotypes P [P00483381!], P [P01482666!]). Notes:—This species was not included in the study of vittarioid ferns by Schuettpelz et al. (2016) and its placement in the phylogeny has yet to be assessed. Nonetheless, it is morphologically most similar to Antrophyopsis boryana (Willdenow 1810: 128) Schuettpelz (2016: 717) that was included in the molecular analysis and confirmed as belonging to Antrophyopsis (Benedict 1907: 447) Schuettpelz (2016: 717). It is distinguished from A. boryana by sessile, subelliptic to suboblanceolate fronds, but both share the generic characters, notably spherical apical cells of the soral paraphyses and ecostate laminae (i.e. lacking midribs). Although A. gigantea was described from Mauritius, it was never observed there again (Badré 2008) and is today known only from La Reunion. As there are three sheets housed at P, we designated as lectotype the sheet with complete leaves given that the base of fronds is critical for distinguishing the species; also, the same sheet bears the more complete labels., Published as part of Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley & Schuettpelz, Eric, 2021, Three new combinations and one lectotypification of fern and lycophyte taxa from the French overseas territories, pp. 54-56 in Phytotaxa 497 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5423814, {"references":["Bory de Saint-Vincent, J. B. G. M. (1833) Voyages aux Indes-Orientales par le nord de l'Europe: les provinces du Caucase, la Georgie, l'Armenie et la Perse, suivi de details topographiques, statistiques et autres sur les Pegot, les iles de Java, de Maurice et de Bourbon, sur le Cap-De-Bonne-Esperance et Sainte-Helene; pendant les annees 1825 - 1829, Botanique II. Paris. 192 pp.","Schuettpelz, E., Chen, S. - W., Kessler, M., Pinson, J. B., Johnson, G., Davila, A., Cochran, A. T., Huiet, L. & Pryer, K. M. (2016) A revised generic classification of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) based on molecular, micromorphological, and geographic data. Taxon 65 (4): 708 - 722. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.12705 / 654.2","Willdenow, C. L. (1810) Species Plantarum. Editio Quarta, 5. Berolini [Berlin], 542 pp.","Benedict, R. C. (1907) The genus Antrophyum - I. Synopsis of subgenera, and the American species. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 34 (9): 445 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2479065","Badre, F. (2008) Pteridophytes 1. Psilotacees a 26. Marsileacees. In: Bosser, J., Badre, F. & Gueho, J. (Eds.) Flore des Mascareignes - La Reunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. IRD, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris. 454 pp."]}

Published
2021
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27. Three new combinations and one lectotypification of fern and lycophyte taxa from the French overseas territories

Author

Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley, Schuettpelz, Eric, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Géoarchitecture : Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO), Smithsonian Institution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Pteridaceae, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Tracheophyta, Polypodiaceae, Lycopodiales, Lycopodiopsida, Polypodiales, Lycopodiaceae, Polypodiopsida, Plantae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Taxonomy
Abstract

Rouhan, Germinal, Boullet, Vincent, Field, Ashley, Schuettpelz, Eric (2021): Three new combinations and one lectotypification of fern and lycophyte taxa from the French overseas territories. Phytotaxa 497 (1): 54-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.1.6

Published
2021

35. Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences

Author

Pryer, Kathleen M., Schuettpelz, Eric, Wolf, Paul G., Schneider, Harald, Smith, Alan R., and Cranfill, Raymond

Subjects
Biology -- Identification and classification, Plants -- Evolution, Phenetics, Phylogeny (Botany), Molecular systematics, Plants, Fossil, Ferns, Biological sciences
Abstract

The phylogenetic structure of ferns (= monilophytes) is explored here, with a special focus on the early divergences among leptosporangiate lineages. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of tern relationships, a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the early leptosporangiate divergences was lacking. Therefore, a data set was designed here to include critical taxa that were not included in earlier studies. More than 5000 bp from the plastid (rbcL, atpB, rps4) and the nuclear (18S rDNA) genomes were sequenced for 62 taxa. Phylogenetic analyses of these data (1) confirm that Osmundaceae are sister to the rest of the leptosporangiates, (2) resolve a diverse set of ferns formerly thought to be a subsequent grade as possibly monophyletic (((Dipteridaceae, Matoniaceae), Gleicheniaceae), Hymenophyllaceae), and (3) place schizaeoid ferns as sister to a large clade of 'core leptosporangiates' that includes heterosporous ferns, tree ferns, and polypods. Divergence time estimates for ferns are reported from penalized likelihood analyses of our molecular data, with constraints from a reassessment of the fossil record. Key words: Bayesian inference; divergence time estimates: terns: fossil record: molecular systematics: monilophytes; penalized likelihood; vascular plant evolution.

Published
2004

36. Phylogeny and biogeography of Caltha (Ranunculaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric and Hoot, Sara B.

Subjects
Biogeography -- Research, Phylogeny (Botany) -- Research, Ranunculaceae -- Research, Ranunculaceae -- Genetic aspects, Botany -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The genus Caltha (Ranunculaceae) consists of 10 species of low-growing, perennial herbs distributed throughout the moist temperate and cold regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Traditionally, the species have been divided into two sections: section Psychrophila in the Southern Hemisphere with diplophyllous leaves and section Caltha in the Northern Hemisphere with leaves lacking inflexed appendages. This study uses chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences to determine the relationships among the 10 species, test the monophyly of sections Psychrophila and Caltha, trace the evolutionary history of diplophylly, and explore biogcographical hypotheses for the genus. Analysis of these data resulted in a well-resolved and well-supported phylogeny. Section Psychrophila (C. sagittata, C. appendiculata, C. dionaeifolia, C. obtusa, C. introloba, and C. novae-zelandiae) was resolved as monophyletic, indicating a single origin of diplophylly. The species of section Caltha (C. natans, C. scaposa, C. palustris, and C. leptosepala) formed a paraphyletic grade. The resulting phylogeny strongly supports a Northern Hemisphere origin for Caltha, followed by dispersal to the Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanaland). A vicariance model is invoked to explain present-day distributions in South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Key words: biogeography; Caltha; diplophylly; Gondwanaland; molecular systematies; phylogeny; Ranunculaceae.

Published
2004

37. Fern classification

Author

Smith, Alan R., primary, Pryer, Kathleen M., additional, Schuettpelz, Eric, additional, Korall, Petra, additional, Schneider, Harald, additional, and Wolf, Paul G., additional

Published
2008
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40. Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

Author

Gomes‐da‐Silva, Janaína, Filardi, Fabiana L.R., Barbosa, Maria Regina V., Baumgratz, José Fernando A., Bicudo, Carlos E.M., Cavalcanti, Taciana B., Coelho, Marcus A.N., Costa, Andrea F., Costa, Denise P., Dalcin, Eduardo Couto, Labiak, Paulo, Lima, Haroldo C., Lohmann, Lúcia G., Maia, Leonor C., Mansano, Vidal F., Menezes, Mariângela, Morim, Marli P., Moura, Carlos Wallace N., Lughadha, Eimear Nic, Peralta, Denilson F., Prado, Jefferson, Roque, Nádia, Stehmann, João Renato, Sylvestre, Lana S., Trierveiler‐Pereira, Larissa, Walter, Bruno M.T., Zimbrão, Geraldo, Forzza, Rafaela C., Abreu, Fernanda P., Abreu, Maria C., Abreu, Vanessa H.R., Acuña‐Castillo, Rafael, Afonso, Edgar A.L., Agra, Leandro A.N.N., Agra, Maria F., Aguiar, Daniel P.P., Aires, Elisa T., Almeda, Frank, Almeida, Gracineide S.S., Almeida, Mariana M., Almeida, Nicolli B.C., Almeida, Rafael F., Almeida, Roberto B.P., Almeida, Thaís E., Almeida, Eduardo B., Alves, Daniela M., Alves, Flávio M., Alves, Karina N.L., Alves, Maria B.B., Alves, Rodolfo F., Amaral, Maria C.E., Amaral, André L.S., Amélio, Leandro A., Amorim, André M.A., Amorim, Bruno S., Amorim, Eduardo T., Amorim, Vivian O., Andrade, Ivanilza M., Andrade, Ray S., André, Thiago, Andreata, Regina H.P., Andrino, Caroline O., Ângulo, María B., Anjos, Cassiane B., Antar, Guilherme M., Antonicelli, Mirian C.A., Antunes, Lorena L.C., Aona, Lidyanne Y.S., Arana, Marcelo D., Aranha, João L.M., Araújo, Anderson G.A., Araujo, Andréa O., Araújo, Camila C., Araujo, Cintia A.T., Araujo, Flávia M., Araújo, Mário H.T., Arbo, Maria M., Arnou, Emily S., Asprino, Renata C., Assis, Francine C., Assis, Leandro C.S., Assis, Marta C., Athayde Filho, Francisco, Athiê‐Souza, Sarah M., Azevedo, Igor H.F., Bacci, Lucas F., Barbosa, Camilo V.O., Barbosa, Juliana F., Barbosa‐Silva, Rafael G., Barcellos, Ian C., Barboza, Gloria E., Barcelos, Flávia R.B., Barcelos, Laísa B., Barreto, Kamilla L., Barros, Fábio, Barros, Thamires L.A., Barros‐Barreto, Maria B.B., Bastos, Cid J.P., Bastos, Cláudia A., Batista, João A.N., Batista, Marcella M.I., Bautista, Hortencia P., Benelli, Adarilda P., Berguecio, Nicolás G., Bernacci, Luís C., Beyer, Maila, Bezerra, Andrea C.C., Bezerra, Luísa M.P.A., Bezerra, Yuri R.L., Bianchetti, Luciano B., Bigio, Narcísio C., Biral, Leonardo, Bissoli, Vinícius F., Bittencourt, Felipe, Bochorny, Thuane, Bohn, Amabily, Bohs, Lynn, Bojacá, Gabriel F.P., Boldorini, Abril, Boldrini, Ilsi I., Bolson, Mônica, Bordin, Juçara, Bordon, Natali G., Borges, Rafael A.X., Borges, Rodrigo L., Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C., Bove, Claudia P., Bovini, Massimo G., Braga, João M.A., Braga, Nayara S.S., Branco, Suema, Brauner, Laiana M., Braz, Denise M., Bringel, João B.A., Brito, Antonio L.V.T., Brito, Eliete S., Bruniera, Carla P., Buchoski, Monica G., Buck, William R., Bueno, Norma C., Bueno, Vinicius R., Büneker, Henrique M., Bünger, Mariana, Buril‐Vital, Maria T.A., Burton, George P., Cabral, Andressa, Cabral, Elsa L., Cabral, Fernanda N., Cabral, Tiara S., Caddah, Mayara K., Caires, Claudenir S., Caires, Taiara A., Calazans, Luana S.B., Caldas, Diana K.D., Calió, Maria F., Calvo, Joel, Câmara, Paulo E.A.S., Camargo, Rodrigo A., Camelo, Mel C., Campos‐Rocha, Antonio, Cândido, Elisa S., Canestraro, Bianca K., Canto‐Dorow, Thais S., Cantuária, Patrick C., Cara, Álison L., Cárdenas, Gabriela G., Cardoso, Andréia G., Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S., Cardoso, Jesiane M., Cardoso, Leandro J.T., Cardoso, Pedro H., Cardozo, Andrey L., M.D. Cardozo, Nállarett, Carmo, Dimas M., Carmo, João A.M., Carneiro, Camila R., Carneiro, Cláudia E., Carrijo, Tatiana T., Caruzo, Maria B.R., Carvalho, Catarina S., Carvalho, Dariane A.S., Carvalho, Fernanda A., Carvalho, Maria L.S., Carvalho, Jefferson G., Carvalho‐Silva, Micheline, Castello, Ana C.D., Castro, Márcia S., Castro e Silva, Isabella C., Catenacci, Fernanda S., Cavalcanti, Laise H., Cavalheiro, Larissa, Cervi, Armando C., Chacon, Roberta G., Chagas, Aline P., Chagas, Earl C.O., Chautems, Alain, Chauveau, Olivier, Chequín, Renata N., Christ, Anderson L., Christ, Jheniffer A., Cidrão, Bruno B., Clark, Lynn G., Coelho, Alexa A.O.P., Coelho, Guilherme P., Coelho, Rubens L.G., Colletta, Gabriel D., Colli‐Silva, Matheus, Conceição, Adilva S., Conceição, Tulio C., Condack, João P.S., Contro, Fernanda L., Cordeiro, Inês, Cordeiro, Luciana S., Cordeiro, Wesley P.F.S., Côrtes, Ana L.A., Costa, Daniel S., Costa, Fabiane N., Costa, Fernanda S.N., Costa, Francisco C.P., Costa, Géssica A.G., Costa, Isabelle G.C.M., Costa, Itayguara R., Costa, Jeferson M., Costa, Jorge A.S., Costa, José G.S., Costa, Maria T.R., Costa, Mitchel I.A., Costa, Suzana M., Costa, Thiago V., Costa, Tiago S., Costa e Silva, Maria B., Costa‐Lima, James L., Cota, Matheus M.T., Couceiro, Yuri S.V., Coutinho, Thales S., Couto, Dayvid R., Couto, Ricardo S., Couvo, Anielly F., Cyrillo, Stephany B., Dal Molin, Luis H., Dalastra, Claudenice H., Damasceno, Rafaella G.L., De Lazzari, Lara R.P., Deble, Leonardo P., Delfini, Carolina, Delgado Junior, Geadelande C., Delgado‐Salinas, Alfonso, Della, Aline P., Delprete, Piero G., Dematteis, Massimiliano, Dettke, Greta A., Devecchi, Marcelo F., Dewes, Talita S., Di Maio, Fernando R., Dias, Kauê N.L., Dias, Micheli C., Dias, Pedro, Díaz, Yani C.A., Dittrich, Vinícius A.O., Domínguez, Yoannis, Dórea, Marcos C., Dorneles, Mariane P., Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Marilia C., Duran, Juan D.T., Dutilh, Julie H.A., Dutra, Letícia L., Dutra, Valquíria F., Echternacht, Livia, Eggers, Lilian, Erkens, Roy H.J., Eslabão, Marcelo P., Espírito Santo, Fábio S., Esser, Hans‐Joachim, Essi, Liliana, Esteves, Gerleni L., Esteves, Roberto L., Everling, Joel F., Ezcurra, Cecilia, Facco, Marlon G., Fader, Andrea A.C., Falcão, Marcus J.A., Fantecelle, Laura B., Farco, Gabriela E., Faria, Allan L.A., Faria, Ana P.G., Faria, Aparecida D., Faria, Maria T., Faria, Jair, Farias, Sabrina Q., Farias‐Singer, Rosana, Farinaccio, Maria A., Fernandes, Ana C., Fernandes, Fernando, Fernandes, José M., Fernandes, Rozijane S., Fernandes, Thiago, Fernandes, Ulisses G., Fernandes, Aluisio J., Fernando, Emanoel M.P., Ferreira, Carlos D.M., Ferreira, Fabrício M., Ferreira, Gabriel E., Ferreira, João P.R., Ferreira, Priscila P.A., Ferreira, Silvana C., Ferrucci, María S., Fiaschi, Pedro, Fidanza, Karina, Filgueiras, Tarciso S., Firetti, Fabiana, Fleischmann, Andreas, Florentín, Javier E., Florentín, Mariela N., Flores, Andréia S., Flores, Jerônimo M.M., Flores, Thiago B., Fonseca, Luiz H.M., Fontelas, Jean C., Fontella‐Pereira, Jorge, Forster, Wellington, Fraga, Claudio N., Fraga, Fernanda R.M., Fraga, Santiago, França, Flávio, França, Juliana R.K.G., Francisco, Jéssica N.C., Freire‐Fierro, Alina, Freitas, Fernanda S., Freitas, Joelcio, Freitas, Maria F., Fritsch, Peter, Funez, Luís A., Furtado, Samyra G., Gaem, Paulo H., Gaglioti, André L., Gagnon, Edeline, Gama, Beatriz R.A., Garcia, Flávia C.P., Gasper, André L., Gerace, Samuele, Giacomin, Leandro L., Giaretta, Augusto, Gil, André S.B., Gissi, Danilo S., Giuffre, Pamela M.W., Giulietti, Ana M., Giussani, Liliana M., Goebel, Gabriela, Goes, Monique B., Góes, Luiz A.A., Goldenberg, Renato, Gomes, Beatriz M., Gomes, Fernanda P., Gomes, Mario, Gomes‐Klein, Vera L., Gonçalez, Victor M., Gonçalves, Ana P.S., Gonçalves, Deise J.P., Gonella, Paulo M., Gonzaga, Augusto F.N., Gonzaga, Diego R., González, Favio, Gonzatti, Felipe, Gouvêa, Yuri F., Graham, Shirley A.T., Gregório, Bernarda S., Grings, Martin, Groppo, Milton, Grossi, Mariana A., Guarçoni, Elidio A.E., Guedes, Felipe M., Guedes, Juliana S., Guerra, Ethiéne, Guimarães, Elsie F., Guimarães, Leonardo R.S., Guimarães, Paulo J.F., Gurgel, Ely S.C., Gutiérrez, Diego G., Hall, Climbiê F., Harley, Raymond M., Hassemer, Gustavo, Hattori, Eric K.O., Hechenleitner, Paulina, Hefler, Sonia M., Heiden, Gustavo, Henning, Tilo, Henriques, Diego K., Hensold, Nancy, Hinoshita, Lucas K.R., Hirai, Regina Y., Hirao, Yasmin V., Hiriart, Florencia D., Hopkins, Michael J.G., Hoyos‐Gómez, Saúl E., Huamantupa, Isau, Hurbath, Fernanda, Iganci, João R.V., Ilkiu‐Borges, Anna L., Imig, Daniela C., Inácio, Camila D., Indriunas, Alexandre, Jacques, Eliane L., Jacques, Suara S.A., Jaimes, Juliana N., Jardim, Jomar G., Jesus, Jôane C., Jesus, Priscila B., Jiménez‐Mejías, Pedro, Johnson, David, Jordão, Lucas S.B., Jordão, Valner M.M., Jorge, Taciane S., Kaehler, Miriam, Kameyama, Cíntia, Kataoka, Eric Y., Kessous, Igor M., Kilipper, Julia T., Kinoshita, Luiza S., Klein, Viviane P., Klitgaard, Bente B., Knapp, Sandra, Koch, Ana K., Koch, Ingrid, Kochanovski, Fábio J., Kominami, Gabriel F.G., Konno, Tatiana U.P., Koschnitzke, Cristiana, Kotovski, Emília R., Kriebel, Ricardo, Külkamp, Josimar, Leal, Brígida A., Leal, Eduardo S., Leite, Áurea C.F., Leite, Wellerson P., Leitman, Paula M., Lewis, Gwilym P., Lima, Adriana Q., Lima, Alexandre G., Lima, Duane F.S., Lima, Eliene, Lima, Jessica S., Lima, Laíce F.G., Lima, Laura C.P., Lima, Letícia R., Lima, Lucas V., Lima, Luis F.P., Lima, Rita B., Lima, Vanessa L., Link‐Perez, Melanie, Lirio, Elton J., Lobão, Adriana Q., Loeuille, Benoit F.P., Loiola, Maria I.B., Lombardi, Julio A., Longhi‐Wagner, Hilda M., Lopes, Gabriel S.R., Lopes, Jenifer C., Lopes, Letícia O., Lopes, Raimundo, Lopes, Rosana C., López, Maria G., Lorencini, Tiago S., Lorenzi, Harri, Lourenço, Ana R.L., Lourenço, Arthur R., Louzada, Rafael B., Lovo, Juliana, Lozano, Eduardo D., Luber, Jaquelini, Lucas, Dióber B., Lucas, Eve J., Lüdtke, Raquel, Luebert, Federico, Luizi‐Ponzo, Andrea P., Luna, Bruna N., Luna, Naédja K.M., Luz, Cíntia L.S., Machado, Anderson F.P., Machado, Evandro P., Machado, Talita M., Maciel, Jefferson R., Maciel, Sebastião, Magalhães, Rodrigo A., Magenta, Mara A.G., Maia, Talita A., Mamede, Maria C.H., Marchioretto, Maria S., Margalho, Luciano F., Marinho, Lucas C., Marques, Danilo, Marquete, Ronaldo, Marra, Raquel C., Martins, Angela B., Martins, Márcio L.L., Martins, Marcos B.S., Martins, Milena V., Martins, Renata C., Martins, Suzana E., Masson, Victória, Matias, Ligia Q., Matos, Agnes M.M.V., Matos, Andreza O., Matos, Fernando B., Matozinhos, Carolina N., Mattos, Cilene M.J., Mattos, Leticia, Matzenauer, William, Mauad, Anna V.S.R., Maya‐Lastra, Carlos A., Mayo, Simon J., Mazine, Fiorella F., Medeiros, Débora, Medeiros, Erika V.S.S., Medeiros, Herison, Medeiros, Maria C.M.P., Meerow, Alan W., Meireles, Jose E., Meireles, Leonardo D., Meirelles, Julia, Melchor‐Castro, Briggitthe, Mello, Zelia R., Mello‐Silva, Renato, Melo, André L., Melo, Caio V.V.D., Melo, Efigenia, Melo, José I.M., Mendes, Jone C.R., Mendes, Maria C.Q., Mendes‐Silva, Ingrid, Meneguzzo, Thiago E.C., Menezes, Cristine G., Menezes, Felipe G.P., Menini Neto, Luiz, Mentz, Lilian A., Mesquita, Antônio L., Messias, Patrícia A., Mezzonato‐Pires, Ana C., Michelangeli, Fabián A., Miguel, João R., Miguel, Laila M., Milward‐de‐Azevedo, Michaele A., Miotto, Silvia T.S., Miranda, Cecília V., Miranda, Vitor F.O., Mitchell, John D., Molina, José M.P., Mondin, Cláudio A., Monge, Marcelo, Monteiro, Daniele, Monteiro, Fernanda K.S., Monteiro, Raquel F., Monteiro, Silvana H.N., Monteiro, Thiago C., Monzoli, João V.L., Moore, Paloma G.P., Mora, Martha M., Moraes, Marta D., Moraes, Mónica R., Morales, Juan F., Morales, Matías, Moran, Robbin C., Moreira, André L.C., Moreira, Andréia D.R., Moreira, Ariane S., Moreira, Bianca A., Moreira, Giselle L., Moreira, Kassio V.C., Moreira, Pablo F.F., Morokawa, Rosemeri, Moroni, Pablo, Mota, Aline C., Mota, Michelle C.A., Mota, Nara F.O., Moura, Beryl E.L., Moura, Ingridy O., Moura, Luíza C., Moura, Ricardo L., Moura, Tania M., Mundim, Júlia V., Muniz, Francisca H., Muniz, Leticia N., Muniz Filho, Eduardo, Mynssen, Claudine M., Nakajima, Jimi N., Nascimento, Janaina G.A., Nascimento, José E., Nascimento, Silvia M., Nepomuceno, Francisco A.A., Nervo, Michelle H., Nery, Eduardo K., Neves, Beatriz, Nóbrega, Giseli A., Nogueira, Matheus G.C., Nunes, Annelise F., Nunes, Clebiana S., Nunes, Teonildes S., Oellgaard, Benjamin, O'Leary, Nataly, Oliveira, Adriana L.R., Oliveira, Ana C.S., Oliveira, Andreza G.S., Oliveira, Aron B., Oliveira, Bárbara A., Oliveira, Caetano T., Oliveira, Fernanda M.C., Oliveira, Filipe G.A., Oliveira, Gleison S., Oliveira, Gustavo R., Oliveira, Hermeson C., Oliveira, Iasmin L.C., Oliveira, Joésili C.P., Oliveira, José F.C., Oliveira, Juliana A., Oliveira, Juliana R.P.M., Oliveira, Leticia G.R., Oliveira, Lilian F.A., Oliveira, Lorena C., Oliveira, Luciana S.D., Oliveira, Marcia C.R., Oliveira, Márcio L.B., Oliveira, Marcos G.M., Oliveira, Marise H.V., Oliveira, Marla I.U., Oliveira, Regina C., Oliveira, Renata S., Oliveira, Reyjane P., Oliveira, Rodrigo C.G., Oliveira, Sylvia M., Oliveira, Ykaro R., Orlandini, Priscila, Orsolano, Guilherme N., Pacífico, Ricardo, Paglia, Isis, Paiva, Gabrielle C.P., Paixão, Liliane C., Pastore, José F.B., Pastore, Mayara, Pastori, Tamara, Paucar, Jenny O.A., Paula‐Souza, Juliana, Pederneiras, Leandro C., Peichoto, Myriam C., Peixoto, Ariane L., Pell, Susan K., Pellegrini, Marco O.O., Pena, Nelson T.L., Pennington, Richard T., Pereira, Amanda P.N., Pereira, Andreza S.S., Pereira, Jovani B.S., Pereira, Maria S., Pereira, Paulo E.E., Pereira, Sidney S., Pereira‐Silva, Rafaela A., Perez, Ana P.F., Pessoa, Cleiton S., Pessoa, Clenia S., Pessoa, Edlley M., Pessoa, Maria C.R., Petrongari, Fernanda S., Philbrick, Thomas C., Pignal, Marc, Pimenta, Karena M., Pinto, Rafael B., Pioner, Natália C., Pirani, José R., Pizzardo, Raquel C., Plos, Anabela, Ponce, Marta M., Pontes, Juliana S., Pontes, Ricardo A.S., Pontes, Tiago A., Pontes‐Pires, Aline F., Pott, Vali J., Prado, Thainá C., Praia, Talita S., Prance, Ghillean T., Prange, Carolina K., Prata, Ana P.N., Prochazka, Luana S., Proença, Carolyn E.B., Prudêncio, Renato X.A., Pscheidt, Allan C., Quaresma, Aclebia A., Quaresma, Aline S., Queiroz, George A., Queiroz, Luciano P., Queiroz, Rubens T., Quinet, Alexandre, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Geraldo J.P., Rando, Juliana G., Rebouças, Natanael C., Reginato, Marcelo, Reis, Miguel M.R., Reis, Priscila A., Reis‐Silva, Genilson A., Ribas, Osmar S., Ribeiro, André R.O., Ribeiro, Carolina L., Ribeiro, José E.L.S., Ribeiro, Michel, Ribeiro, Pétala G., Ribeiro, Rayane T.M., Ribeiro, Ricardo S., Ribeiro, Rogério N., Riina, Ricarda, Ritter, Mara R., Rivadavia, Fernando, Rivera, Vanessa L., Rizzo, Beatriz D., Rocha, Antônio E.S., Rocha, Lamarck, Rocha, Maria J.R., Rodrigues, Carine M., Rodrigues, Christchellyn K., Rodrigues, Izabella M.C., Rodrigues, Marianna C., Rodrigues, Rodrigo Sampaio, Rodrigues, Rodrigo Schütz, Rodríguez, Juan F.C., Rodríguez, Pedro A., Rollim, Isis M., Romanini, Rebeca P., Romão, Gerson O., Romão, Marcos V.V., Romero, María F., Romero, Rosana, Rosa, Bárbara R., Rosa, Patrícia, Rosa, Priscila O., Rosário, Alessandro S., Rossa, Iago M., Rossetto, Elson F.S., Rossi, Lucia, Rossini, Josiene, Royer, Carla A., Rua, Gabriel H., Sá, Cyl F.C., Saavedra, Mariana M., Saka, Mariana N., Sakuragui, Cassia M., Salas, Roberto M., Sales, Margareth F., Salgado, Vanina G., Salimena, Fátima R.G., Salino, Alexandre, Salvador, Rafael B., Sampaio, Daniela, Sancho, Gisela, Sano, Paulo T., Santana, Jéssica C.O., Santana, Karoline C., Santana, Mariana H., Santiago, Augusto C.P., Santos, Alessandra, Santos, Amanda P.B., Santos, Ana C.A.S., Santos, Andrea K.A., Santos, Carlos A.G., Santos, Emanuelle L., Santos, Felipe S., Santos, Fernanda B., Santos, João U.M., Santos, Karin, Santos, Leidiana L., Santos, Matheus F., Santos, Otilene A., Santos, Rafaela F., Santos, Renata G.P., Santos, Thaíla V.A., Santos, Thiago F., Santos, Vanessa T., Santos‐Silva, Fernanda, Santos‐Silva, Juliana, São‐Mateus, Wallace M.B., Saraiva, Deisy P., Sarkinen, Tiina, Sartori, Ângela L.B., Sassone, Agostina B., Sauthier, Luana J., Scalon, Viviane R., Scatigna, André V., Schaefer, Juliana, Scheidegger, Najla M.B., Schliewe, Marcos A., Schmidt, Eduard D.L., Schneider, Angelo A., Schneider, Layla J.C., Schuettpelz, Eric, Schwartsburd, Pedro B., Schwarz, Elizabeth A., Scudeler, Ana L., Sebastiani, Renata, Secco, Ricardo S., Secretti, Elisangela, Segalla, Rosane, Seleme, Elidiene P., Semir, João, Senna, Luisa R., Setubal, Robberson B., Shimizu, Gustavo H., Shirasuna, Regina T., Silva, Adaíses S.M., Silva, Aline V.M., Silva, Amanda L., Silva, Anádria S., Silva, Caroline C.A., Silva, Cassio R., Silva, Christian, Silva, Cintia V., Silva, Diego N., Silva, Dilana F., Silva, Fabio A., Silva, Fernanda O., Silva, Francismeire B., Silva, Gabriel B., Silva, Gledson J., Silva, Guilherme S., Silva, Gustavo H.L., Silva, João P.S., Silva, Juliana L., Silva, Juliene F.M., Silva, Leonardo N., Silva, Lucas V., Silva, Luciana P., Silva, Luiza N., Silva, Márcio A., Silva, Marcio R.P., Silva, Marcos J., Silva, Marcus F.O., Silva, Maria L.B., Silva, Maria S.D., Silva, Nilda M.F., Silva, Otávio L.M., Silva, Rafael C., Silva, Raphael, Silva, Renata S.A., Silva, Renato R., Silva, Ronaldo V., Silva, Saura R., Silva, Suelma R., Silva, Tânia R.S., Silva, Tatiane S., Silva, Thaynara S., Silva, Wanderson L.S., Silva Filho, Pedro J.S., Silva‐Castro, Milene M., Silva‐Cobra, Gisele O., Silva‐Gonçalves, Kelly C., Silveira, Fernanda S., Silveira, João B., Silveira, Thamyres C., Simão‐Bianchini, Rosangela., Simões, Ana R., Simões, André O., Simon, Marcelo F., Siniscalchi, Carolina M., Siqueira, Carlos E., Smidt, Eric C., Smith, Alan R., Smith, Nathan P., Snak, Cristiane, Soares, Abel E.R., Soares, Arthur S., Soares, Edson L.C., Soares, Kelen P., Soares, Luanda P., Soares, Marcos V.B., Soares, Maria L.C., Soares, Polyana N., Soares, Raimundo, Sobrado, Sandra V., Sobral, Marcos, Somner, Genise V., Sothers, Cynthia, Sousa, Ana A.C., Sousa, Danilo J.L., Sousa, Francisco S., Sousa, Gardene M., Sousa, Hian C.F., Sousa, Leandro O.F., Sousa, Mayco W.S., Sousa, Valdeci F., Souza, Aline M., Souza, Bruno P., Souza, Elnatan B., Souza, Élvia R., Souza, Filipe S., Souza, Luzia F., Souza, Marcelo C., Souza, Maria A.D., Souza, Raquel M.B.S., Souza, Vinicius C., Souza‐Buturi, Fátima O., Spina, Andréa P., Stadnik, Aline M.S., Staggemeier, Vanessa G., Stapf, María N.S., Stefano, Rodrigo D., Stern, Stephen, Streher, Nathália S., Suchoronczek, Andréia, Sundue, Michael, Takeuchi, Cátia, Tardivo, Rosângela C., Taylor, Nigel P., Teixeira, Michella D.R., Teles, Aristônio M., Temponi, Livia G., Thode, Verônica A., Thomas, William W., Tierno, Lorena R., Tissot‐Squalli, Mara, Toledo, Cássio A.P., Torke, Benjamin M., Torres, Alicia M., Torres, Daniela S.C., Torres‐Leite, Filipe, Tozzi, Ana M.G.A., Trad, Rafaela J., Trevisan, Rafael, Trovó, Marcelo, Tuler, Amélia C., Tyrrell, Christopher, Udulutsch, Renata G., Uribbe, Fernando P., Vahl, Daiane R., Valadares, Rodrigo T., Valdemarin, Karinne S., Valduga, Eduardo, Valente, Emilia B., Valls, Jose F.M., Berg, Cássio, Vasconcelos, Liziane V., Vasconcelos, Thaís N.C., Vasques, Diego T., Vaz, Angela M.S.F., Versiane, Ana F.A., Versieux, Leonardo M., Via do Pico, Gisela M., Viana, Pedro L., Vianna, Suelen A., Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M., Vidal, Kaio V.A., Vidal, João D., Vieira, Fábio C.S., Vieira, Jaqueline A., Vieira, João P.S., Vieira, Lucas L.A., Vieira, Tamara A.F., Vieira, Tiago L., Viera‐Barreto, Jéssica N., Vignoli‐Silva, Márcia, Vilas Bôas‐Bastos, Silvana B., Villarreal, Juan C., Vincent, Michael A., Vita, Marcela D., Vitta, Fabio A., Viveros, Raquel S., Viviurka, Fernanda, Vogel Ely, Cleusa, Volet, Danilo P., Völtz, Rafael R., Wallnöfer, Bruno, Wanderley, Maria G.L., Watanabe, Mauricio T.C., Weber, Philipy A.P., Weigend, Maximilian, Welker, Cassiano A.D., Windisch, Paulo G., Yoshikawa, Vania N., Zamengo, Henrique B., Zanatta, Maria R.V., Zannin, Ana, Zappi, Daniela C., Zeferino, Laís C., Zelenski, Andréia, Zuloaga, Fernando O., and Zuntini, Alexandre R.

Abstract

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Published
2022
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42. Extensive photobiont sharing in a rapidly radiating cyanolichen clade.

Author

Dal Forno, Manuela, Lawrey, James D., Sikaroodi, Masoumeh, Gillevet, Patrick M., Schuettpelz, Eric, and Lücking, Robert

Subjects
MOLECULAR clock, LICHENS, SHARING, SYMBIOSIS
Abstract

Recent studies have uncovered remarkable diversity in Dictyonema s.lat. basidiolichens, here recognized as subtribe Dictyonemateae. This group includes five genera and 148 species, but hundreds more await description. The photobionts of these lichens belong to Rhizonema, a recently resurrected cyanobacterial genus known by a single species. To further investigate photobiont diversity within Dictyonemateae, we generated 765 new cyanobacterial sequences from 635 specimens collected from 18 countries. The ITS barcoding locus supported the recognition of 200 mycobiont (fungal) species among these samples, but the photobiont diversity was comparatively low. Our analyses revealed three main divisions of Rhizonema, with two repeatedly recovered as monophyletic (proposed as new species), and the third mostly paraphyletic. The paraphyletic lineage corresponds to R. interruptum and partnered with mycobionts from all five genera in Dictyonemateae. There was no evidence of photobiont‐mycobiont co‐speciation, but one of the monophyletic lineages of Rhizonema appears to partner predominantly with one of the two major clades of Cora (mycobiont) with samples collected largely from the northern Andes. Molecular clock estimations indicate the Rhizonema species are much older than the fungal species in the Dictyonemateae, suggesting that these basidiolichens obtained their photobionts from older ascolichen lineages and the photobiont variation in extant lineages of Dictyonemateae is the result of multiple photobiont switches. These results support the hypothesis of lichens representing "fungal farmers," in which diverse mycobiont lineages associate with a substantially lower diversity of photobionts by sharing those photobionts best suited for the lichen symbiosis among multiple and often unrelated mycobiont lineages. see also the Perspective by Matthew P. Nelsen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

Author

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, Schuettpelz, Eric, Schneider, Harald, Smith, Alan R, Kessler, Michael, et al, University of Zurich, and Schuettpelz, Eric

Subjects
10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 1110 Plant Science, 580 Plants (Botany), 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center
Published
2016

44. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric, Schneider, Harald, Smith, Alan, Hovenkamp, Peter, Prado, Jefferson, Rouhan, Germinal, Salino, Alexandre, Sundue, Michael, Is, Tha, Almeida, Elias, Parris, Barbara, Sessa, Emily, Field, Ashley, Is de Gasper, Lu, Rothfels, Carl, Windham, Michael, Lehnert, Marcus, Dauphin, Benjamin, Ebihara, Atsushi, Lehtonen, Samuli, Bond Schwartsburd, Pedro, Metzgar, Jordan, Zhang, Li-Bing, Kuo, Li-Yaung, Brownsey, Patrick, Kato, Masahiro, Arana, Marcelo, Assis, Francine, Barker, Michael, Barrington, David, Chang, Ho-Ming, Chang, Yi-Han, Chao, Yi-Shan, Chen, Cheng-Wei, Chen, De-Kui, Chiou, Wen-Liang, Icius, Vin, de Oliveira Dittrich, Antonio, Duan, Yi-Fan, Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, Farrar, Donald, Fawcett, Susan, Mar Ia Gabriel y Gal An, Jose, Luiz, Armando, Oes-Neto, G, Grant, Jason, Grusz, Amanda, Haufler, Christopher, Hauk, Warren, He, Hai, Hennequin, Sabine, Hirai, Regina, Huiet, Layne, Kessler, Michael, Korall, Petra, Labiak, Paulo, Larsson, Anders, Le On, Blanca, Li, Chun-Xiang, Li, Fay-Wei, Link-P Erez, Melanie, Liu, Hong-Mei, Lu, Ngan, Meza-Torres, Esteban, Miao, Xin-Yuan, Moran, Robbin, Mynssen, Claudine, Nagalingum, Nathalie, Øllgaard, Benjamin, Paul, Alison, De, Jovani, Pereira, S, Perrie, Leon, Ponce, Onica, Ranker, Tom, Schulz, Christian, Shinohara, Wataru, Shmakov, Alexander, Sigel, Erin, Soares de Souza, Filipe, Da, Lana, Sylvestre, Silva, Testo, Weston, Luz, Amparo, Tsutsumi, Chie, Tuomisto, Hanna, Valdespino, Iv, Vasco, Alejandra, Stauffer Viveros, Raquel, Weakley, Alan, Wei, Ran, Weststrand, Stina, Wolf, Paul, Yatskievych, George, Xu, Xiao-Gang, Yan, Yue-Hong, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Xian-Chun, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Smithsonian Institution, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais = Federal University of Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte, Brazil] (UFMG), Fern Research Foundation, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), University of Turku, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], monophyly, Plant Science, lycophytes, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Pteridophyte, pteridophytes, Monophyly, Extant taxon, Phylogenetics, ferns, Natural science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, classification ferns lycophytes monophyly phylogeny pteridophytes, classification, Pteridaceae, ta1181, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Phylogeny has long informed pteridophyte classification. As our ability to infer evolutionary trees has improved, classifications aimed at recognizing natural groups have become increasingly predictive and stable. Here, we provide a modern, comprehensive classification for lycophytes and ferns, down to the genus level, utilizing a community-based approach. We use monophyly as the primary criterion for the recognition of taxa, but also aim to preserve existing taxa and circumscriptions that are both widely accepted and consistent with our understanding of pteridophyte phylogeny. In total, this classification treats an estimated 11 916 species in 337 genera, 51 families, 14 orders, and two classes. This classification is not intended as the final word on lycophyte and fern taxonomy, but rather a summary statement of current hypotheses, derived from the best available data and shaped by those most familiar with the plants in question. We hope that it will serve as a resource for those wanting references to the recent literature on pteridophyte phylogeny and classification, a framework for guiding future investigations, and a stimulus to further discourse.

Published
2016

47. Geometry, Allometry and Biomechanics of Fern Leaf Petioles: Their Significance for the Evolution of Functional and Ecological Diversity Within the Pteridaceae

Author

Mahley, Jennifer N., primary, Pittermann, Jarmila, additional, Rowe, Nick, additional, Baer, Alex, additional, Watkins, James E., additional, Schuettpelz, Eric, additional, Wheeler, James K., additional, Mehltreter, Klaus, additional, Windham, Michael, additional, Testo, Weston, additional, and Beck, James, additional

Published
2018
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48. Figure 1d from: Schuettpelz E, Frandsen P, Dikow R, Brown A, Orli S, Peters M, Metallo A, Funk V, Dorr L (2017) Applications of deep convolutional neural networks to digitized natural history collections. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e21139. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e21139

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric, primary, Frandsen, Paul, additional, Dikow, Rebecca, additional, Brown, Abel, additional, Orli, Sylvia, additional, Peters, Melinda, additional, Metallo, Adam, additional, Funk, Vicki, additional, and Dorr, Laurence, additional

Published
2017
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49. Figure 2d from: Schuettpelz E, Frandsen P, Dikow R, Brown A, Orli S, Peters M, Metallo A, Funk V, Dorr L (2017) Applications of deep convolutional neural networks to digitized natural history collections. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e21139. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e21139

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric, primary, Frandsen, Paul, additional, Dikow, Rebecca, additional, Brown, Abel, additional, Orli, Sylvia, additional, Peters, Melinda, additional, Metallo, Adam, additional, Funk, Vicki, additional, and Dorr, Laurence, additional

Published
2017
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50. Supplementary material 1 from: Schuettpelz E, Frandsen P, Dikow R, Brown A, Orli S, Peters M, Metallo A, Funk V, Dorr L (2017) Applications of deep convolutional neural networks to digitized natural history collections. Biodiversity Data Journal 5: e21139. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e21139

Author

Schuettpelz, Eric, primary, Frandsen, Paul, additional, Dikow, Rebecca, additional, Brown, Abel, additional, Orli, Sylvia, additional, Peters, Melinda, additional, Metallo, Adam, additional, Funk, Vicki, additional, and Dorr, Laurence, additional

Published
2017
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