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10 results on '"Schuller, Julia"'

1. Towards Equitable Agile Research and Development of AI and Robotics

Author

Hundt, Andrew, Schuller, Julia, and Kacianka, Severin

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Machine Learning (ML) and 'Artificial Intelligence' ('AI') methods tend to replicate and amplify existing biases and prejudices, as do Robots with AI. For example, robots with facial recognition have failed to identify Black Women as human, while others have categorized people, such as Black Men, as criminals based on appearance alone. A 'culture of modularity' means harms are perceived as 'out of scope', or someone else's responsibility, throughout employment positions in the 'AI supply chain'. Incidents are routine enough (incidentdatabase.ai lists over 2000 examples) to indicate that few organizations are capable of completely respecting peoples' rights; meeting claimed equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI or DEI) goals; or recognizing and then addressing such failures in their organizations and artifacts. We propose a framework for adapting widely practiced Research and Development (R&D) project management methodologies to build organizational equity capabilities and better integrate known evidence-based best practices. We describe how project teams can organize and operationalize the most promising practices, skill sets, organizational cultures, and methods to detect and address rights-based fairness, equity, accountability, and ethical problems as early as possible when they are often less harmful and easier to mitigate; then monitor for unforeseen incidents to adaptively and constructively address them. Our primary example adapts an Agile development process based on Scrum, one of the most widely adopted approaches to organizing R&D teams. We also discuss limitations of our proposed framework and future research directions., Comment: 15 pages (32 with refs + appendix), 2 figures, 1 table (7 with appendix), incorporates changes based on WeRobot 2023 Draft feedback

Published
2024

9. Co-segregation of hyperactivity, active coping styles and cognitive dysfunction in mice selectively bred for low levels of anxiety

Author

Yen, Yi-Chun, Anderzhanova, Elmira, Bunck, Mirjam, Schuller, Julia, Landgraf, Rainer, and Wotjak, Carsten T.

Subjects
Amphetamine, lab, mental disorders, ADHD, Original Research Article, Anxiety, Maternal Behavior, selective breeding, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neuroscience, hyperactivity, lcsh:RC321-571
Abstract

We established mouse models of extremes in trait anxiety, which are based on selective breeding for low vs. normal vs. high open-arm exploration on the elevated plus-maze. Genetically selected low anxiety-related behavior (LAB) coincided with hyperactivity in the home cage. Given the fact that several psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share hyperactivity symptom, we systematically examined LAB mice with respect to unique and overlapping endophenotypes of the three diseases. To this end Venn diagrams were used as an instrument for discrimination of possible models. We arranged the endophenotypes in Venn diagrams and translated them into different behavioral tests. LAB mice showed elevated levels of locomotion in the open field (OF) test with deficits in habituation, compared to mice bred for normal (NAB) and high anxiety-related behavior (HAB). Cross-breeding of hypoactive HAB and hyperactive LAB mice resulted in offspring showing a low level of locomotion comparable to HAB mice, indicating that the HAB alleles are dominant over LAB alleles in determining the level of locomotion. In a holeboard test, LAB mice spent less time in hole exploration, as shown in patients with schizophrenia and ADHD; however, LAB mice displayed no impairments in social interaction and prepulse inhibition (PPI), implying a unlikelihood of LAB as an animal model of schizophrenia. Although LAB mice displayed hyperarousal, active coping styles, and cognitive deficits, symptoms shared by mania and ADHD, they failed to reveal the classic manic endophenotypes, such as increased hedonia and object interaction. The neuroleptic haloperidol reduced locomotor activity in all mouse lines. The mood stabilizer lithium and the psychostimulant amphetamine, in contrast, selectively reduced hyperactivity in LAB mice. Based on the behavioral and pharmacological profiles, LAB mice are suggested as a novel rodent model of ADHD-like symptoms.

Published
2013

10. Broadcasting the Backstage: Essena O'Neill's Facework as an Instagram Model.

Author

Schuller, Julia Elizabeth and Schrader, Valerie Lynn

Subjects
RHETORICAL analysis, SOCIAL media, COMPUTER software
Abstract

This rhetorical analysis examines Essena O'Neill's career as an Instagram model in order to illustrate how Goffman's theoretical construct of facework can be used to study social media and other internet texts. The phenomenon of Instagram modeling emerged as a new forum for aspiring models and marketers in the 21st century. As a public figure, Essena O'Neill's decision to quit the industry of Instagram modeling received a generous amount of media attention. Her newly edited Instagram photograph captions provided viewers with a unique look into what O'Neill portrayed as her backstage persona. In this essay, facework is used to examine O'Neill's comments regarding the "realities" behind her front stage region which was depicted through social media. Although traditionally studied in a face-to-face setting, facework can be applied to an online setting given the internet's ability to allow users to broadcast a front online. Online features such as editing software, a lack of time constraint, and the physical barrier of a computer screen can give users the ability and courage to greatly extend the gap between their front stage and backstage regions, blurring the lines between what can be deemed authentic on social media and creating an entirely new level of front stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

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