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Bu çalışma mobilya atölyelerinde ergonomik ortam koşullarının (hava sirkülasyonu, iklimlendirme, aydınlatma, ses ve gürültü, titreşim) belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bilimsel çalışmada karşılaşılan sorunlar üzerine gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankara Siteler bölgesinde gerçekleştirilen çalışma, 23 adet küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmede (KOBİ) yürütülmüştür. Araştırma konusu, mobilya atölyelerinde bilimsel çalışmaların yapılmasından önce, gerçekleştirilmesi sırasında ve raporlarken ortaya çıkan sorunların tespitini kapsamaktadır. Mobilya atölyelerinde karşılaşılan problemlerin başında işyerinde bilimsel çalışma yapmak için işletme yöneticilerinden izin almak konusunda yaşanmıştır. Çalışma yapacak araştırmacılar, çalışmanın içeriğini ve içeriğin bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılacağını detaylıca anlatmak zorunda kalmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin denetleyici ve cezalandırıcı kurumlarla paylaşılmayacağı işletme sahiplerine uygun bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma, atölyelerin çalışma zamanlarında yapılmak zorunda olduğundan gerek atölyelerin büyüklüğü açısından yerleşim zorlukları, gerekse işçilerle iç içe olmanın üretimde aksamalara neden olacağı düşünceleri sebebiyle zorlukları fazla olan bilimsel bir araştırma olmuştur. Ergonomik koşulların ortaya çıkarılması için gerçekleştirilen bir çalışma kapsamında ve bu çalışma süresince karşılaşılmış olan sorunları dile getirmek ve çözüm önerileri üretmek adına yapılan bu çalışma araştırmacılar için yol gösterici niteliktedir. Bu araştırma ile ergonomik çalışmaların hedefi olan verimliliğe katkı sağlanabilecektir. Böylelikle, sonraki araştırmalarda zaman, iş gücü ve çalışma bütçesi daha verimli kullanılabilecektir., This study was carried out on the problems encountered in the scientific study conducted to determine the ergonomic environment conditions (air circulation, air conditioning, lighting, sound and noise, vibration) in furniture manufacturing factory. The study, which was carried out in Ankara Siteler region, was carried out in 23 small and medium-sized enterprises. The research subject covers the determination of the problems that arise before, during and reporting scientific studies in furniture manufacturing factory. At the beginning of the problems encountered in furniture manufacturing enterprises, it was experienced in obtaining permission from business managers to conduct scientific studies in the workplace. The researchers who will conduct the study had to explain in detail the content of the study and that the content will be used in scientific studies. It has been explained to the business owners in an appropriate manner that the data obtained will not be shared with control and penal institutions. The carried-out study has been a scientific research with a lot of difficulties due to the fact that the factories have to be done during working hours, the location difficulties in terms of the size of the factories, and the thoughts that being together with the workers will cause disruptions in production. This study, which was carried out within the scope of a study carried out to reveal ergonomic conditions and to express the problems encountered during this study and to produce solutions, is a guide for researchers. With this research, it will be possible to contribute to the productivity, which is the goal of ergonomic studies. In this way, time, labor and working budget will be used more efficiently in future researches.

Background Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is commonly used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems. WS has seen growing, worldwide use by the public due to its reputation as an adaptogen. This popularity has elicited increased scientific study of its biological effects, including a potential application for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Objective This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies examining the neuropsychiatric effects of WS, specifically its application in stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods Reports of human trials and animal studies of WS were collected primarily from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results WS root and leaf extracts exhibited noteworthy anti-stress and anti-anxiety activity in animal and human studies. WS also improved symptoms of depression and insomnia, though fewer studies investigated these applications. WS may alleviate these conditions predominantly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal medullary axes, as well as through GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. While some studies link specific withanolide components to its neuropsychiatric benefits, there is evidence for the presence of additional, yet unidentified, active compounds in WS. Conclusion While benefits were seen in the reviewed studies, significant variability in the WS extracts examined prevents a consensus on the optimum WS preparation or dosage to treat neuropsychiatric conditions. WS appears generally safe for human use; however, it will be important to investigate potential herb-drug interactions involving WS if used alongside pharmaceutical interventions. Further elucidation of active compounds of WS is also needed.

The modern world is going through another change: from unipolar it is transforming into multipolar. New political actors are emerging, including in the Eurasian space. Their activities are largely determined by the existing political elites. It is necessary to clarify the terminology used for the needs of scientific study of the ongoing political processes. In this regard, the term “elite” is of great importance.

Background: Skin tattoos are a common decoration, but profound scientific study whether the presence of a skin tattoo alters the acoustic response from superficial tissue, and therefore from underlying tissue, was previously lacking. Any image aberrations caused by tattoo presence may have been thought negligible, yet empirically found artifacts in brightness-mode images of tattooed skin suggest otherwise. This study investigated the nature of these artifacts theoretically and experimentally in extremely simplified cases of perfectly flat and homogenous layered media and in tattooed pork. Methods: Theory was derived for computing the acoustic response from horizontally and vertically layered media containing a thin inked layer. Experiments were performed in vitro. Artificial and pork skin were tattooed, attached to phantom material, and sonicated with a 13–6-MHz probe. The speed of sound of these materials was determined, and the perceived refraction angles was measured. Results: The measured speeds of sound of tattooed materials were higher than those of their uninked counterparts. The presence of tattoo ink was found to have increased the linear acoustic attenuation by 1 dB/cm. This value is negligible for typical tattoos of only few millimeters. The perceived critical refraction angles of adjacent materials could be detected, and their corresponding speeds of sound were quantified. These coincided with values derived from theory. Conclusion: The ratio of speeds of sound of adjacent materials was shown to create distinct highlights in brightness-mode images. The artifacts observed in in vitro and in vivo brightness-mode scans were explained from near-vertical transitions between areas of different sound speed. This is the first study correlating so-called critical refraction highlighting with speed-of-sound information. In addition, it was found that phantom material is a room-temperature acoustic alternative for experiments on live human skin. In summary, the presence of superficial tattoos has a small but quantifiable effect on the acoustic response from deeper tissues.

A frequently recounted narrative about the history of the scientific study of emotion moves quickly from the 19th century pioneers, Charles Darwin and William James, to the 1960s when the cognitive turn and basic emotions approach reemerged. The early-to-mid 20th century is often passed over as a period of behaviorist domination where little substantive work on inner states such as emotion took place. While the neurological theories of James Papez and Paul MacLean proposed during this period are usually mentioned, psychological experimentation and theorizing are typically given short shrift when discussing this era. Reconsideration of the life and work of Elizabeth Duffy (1904-1970), a trenchant critic of the use of emotion as a scientific term during the 1930s and 1940s, reveals that many contemporary debates about the definition of emotion and its relationship to other psychological terms were engaged with vigor during this supposedly arid period for the scientific study of emotion. Duffy questioned the adequacy of everyday language for describing foundational psychological constructs. In her opinion, the term emotion was too imprecise and poorly defined to be of use for scientific purposes The professional difficulties faced by female scientists of her generation are among the multiplicity of factors that contribute to the lack of historical attention to Duffy's work. Here we present Duffy's life and work as a case study of the "emotionology" of second-generation American women psychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

In this study, we assessed the relationship between exposure duration and VR sickness severity during 7.5-h virtual immersion. First, we showed that the VR sickness severity was positively correlated to the exposure duration: the longer participants were exposed to the VR environment, the more severe sickness symptoms they had. Second, we showed a dynamic sickness adaptation process during a long time of VR exposure: the sickness adaption effect that had already been established could be broken as the exposure duration continued to increase, and a new sickness adaption process would establish. Moreover, we showed a distinguishable symptom profile of HMD compared with LCD, which was insusceptible of exposure duration. This is the first report presenting the temporal pattern of VR sickness during such long-duration exposure. Our study could offer a predictive model of VR sickness severity level during long virtual immersion and provide suggestions for the use of VR technology for scientific study, clinical application, and business entertainment.

The fourth industrial revolution determined Education 4.0, which brings out both the clear presence of technology in the educational process and connects electronic devices in the real and virtual world during learning, and during activities of interest, according to personal preferences and experience. However, the requirements and conditions for the use of technologies to increase learning outcomes are much more important. The objective of the study is the construct "technology-based decision making". The research aims to study the influence of the technology-based decisions for the active learning of the students from the higher educational institutions /HEIs/. A scientific study was conducted with 74 students from HEIs. The results show that technology-based decision-making increases learning activity and provides opportunities for learning to be a constructive and active process. Technology-based decisions of university students are defined as a specific motivator for their active learning.

The review evaluates the dissertation research of S.A. Bochkarev "Theoretical and methodological research of criminal law as a system of scientific study", submitted to the competition for the degree of Doctor Habilitated in law. Taking into account the applicant's contribution to science, the review is positive.

This paper presents a bibliometric study and general overview of research on ritual. I searched the Web of Science Core Collection on Nov 22, 2020 for studies published between 2000 and 2020 with the term ‘ritual*’ in the title, keywords or abstract. A data corpus of 16,600 English-language publications was further analysed using publication statistics, citation metrics, co-citation networks and network analyses of keywords. Evolutionary research on religious ritual with an emphasis on signalling was identified as a central area of research with strong impact on the study of ritual overall. Distinct clusters of clinical, neuroscience, developmental and health research using rituals were also identified and these clusters showed high citation metrics. Concerning publication outlets, archaeology journals publish a large number of papers on ritual, but the impact of these publications as measured by citations weakens over time. Changes in research trends suggest a maturation and specialization of ritualistic research over the last 20 years, with greater isolation and disconnectedness of individual research themes. The list of key publications based on contemporary impact metrics and historical co-citation networks can be used to provide a common language and theoretical lens for researchers to facilitate interaction between different disciplines.

The raw material characteristics, glaze color, mineral composition, and microstructure of green-glazed porcelain samples excavated from the Donggou kiln site in Henan Province, China were subjected to scientific investigations. The results show that the glaze formula of Donggou kiln celadon is relatively stable, and the plant ash with higher Na2O and K2O content may be used as a flux for the celadon glaze. The pan-blue celadon glaze has a wide range of dominant wavelength, concentrated and high distribution of luminosity values, low color saturation, and light degree of yellow. The high content of K2O and P2O5 is one of the main factors for the bluish glaze color. The celadon glaze of the Donggou kiln is a typical crystalline phase-separated glaze with a large number of needle-like and columnar anorthite crystals and a worm-like phase-separated structure.

Despite advances in software development, symmetry-related topics are among the most important yet confusing concepts in crystallography training for chemistry students who routinely use small-molecule crystallography in their scientific study. The case-based learning approach is very effective in stimulating students’ interests in self-exploring the course material and critically processing information to arrive at the most reasonable result. Learning modules such as applying concepts of the 17 two-dimensional space groups in Escher drawings and critically judging crystallography misconceptions can engage chemistry students and invoke their confidence in handling the crystal structures encountered in their research.

El propósito de la presente investigación fue demostrar como la calidad de la evaluación formativa favorece la educación virtual en los estudiantes de V ciclo de instituciones educativa de la UGEL 07- San Borja, Lima. Es un estudio científico con enfoque cuantitativo, básico de diseño no experimental del nivel descriptivo correlacional, se utilizó como instrumento dos cuestionarios para la calidad de la evaluación formativa y educación virtual, validados y la confiabilidad por alfa de Cronbach. La primera variable con 0,855 y la segunda con 0,793 de nivel de confiabilidad. Los datos se sometieron a la prueba de kolmogorov Smirnov dando como estadígrafo la de correlación de Pearson. Muestra intencionada: 50 docentes 125 estudiantes del nivel primaria de la Ugel 07. Se procesaron por el programa estadístico SPSS versión 25 revelaron que existe certeza de correlación significativa con un nivel muy bueno (Rho Pearson es0, 854 ) entre la calidad de la evaluación formativa y la educación virtual, además que el valor de p hallado es menor que 0.05. El análisis indica que la correlación es muy buena existe relación significativa entre ambas variables.

The scientific study of reading has a rich history that spans disciplines from vision science to linguistics, psychology, cognitive neuroscience, neurology, and education. The study of reading can elucidate important general mechanisms in spatial vision, attentional control, object recognition, and perceptual learning, as well as the principles of plasticity and cortical topography. However, literacy also prompts the development of specific neural circuits to process a unique and artificial stimulus. In this review, we describe the sequence of operations that transforms visual features into language, how the key neural circuits are sculpted by experience during development, and what goes awry in children for whom learning to read is a struggle.

This scientific study deals with the issue of judicial protection of a member of the community of unit owners after the amendment of Act No. 89/2012 Sb., The Civil Code, as amended by Act No. 163/2020 Sb. (with effect from 1 July 2020). Judicial protection of a member of a community of unit owners covers three basic issues. The first is the issue of judicial protection against invalid and void resolutions of the Assembly. The second is the issue of a substantive review of valid assembly resolutions by the court. Finally, the issue of replacing pending resolutions of the assembly by court decisions. The study deals with both substantive and procedural issues. The author formulates the conclusion that the legal regulation is very complicated from a theoretical point of view and from a practical point of view will cause considerable difficulties in application.

Background: Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwagandha, is commonly used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems. WS has seen an increase in worldwide usage due to its reputation as an adaptogen. This popularity has elicited increased scientific study of its biological effects, including a potential application for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies examining the neuropsychiatric effects of WS, specifically its application in stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods: Reports of human trials and animal studies of WS were collected primarily from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results: WS root and leaf extracts exhibited noteworthy anti-stress and anti-anxiety activity in animal and human studies. WS also improved symptoms of depression and insomnia, though fewer studies investigated these applications. WS may alleviate these conditions predominantly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axes, as well as through GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. While some studies link specific withanolide components to its neuropsychiatric benefits, there is evidence for the presence of additional, as yet unidentified, active compounds in WS. Conclusion: While benefits were seen in the reviewed studies, significant variability in the WS extracts examined prevents a consensus on the optimum WS preparation or dosage for treating neuropsychiatric conditions. WS generally appears safe for human use; however, it will be important to investigate potential herb-drug interactions involving WS if used alongside pharmaceutical interventions. Further elucidation of active compounds of WS is also needed.

I begin with a tribute to my professors at Gratz College and Temple University in Philadelphia (1960–1966), at Hebrew University and Hayim Greenberg College in Jerusalem (1962–1963), and at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis (1966–1969), as well as to my colleagues and co-authors; and I follow with five substantive points:An assessment of the past versus the present of the social scientific study of Jewry is offered, for which I note that the way to understand the social and religious adjustments of American Jews is to examine their economic and political adjustments first.The changes across a 50-year time span of ASSJ as a professional organization are charted and reveal that between 1970 and 2020 the organization had more than tripled in size, became much more gender-balanced, and initiated a journal (Contemporary Jewry), which published dozens of articles in the latest 3-year cycle.Grounds for optimism versus pessimism in viewing the future of American Jewry are examined as follows:Antisemitism is increasing, but Jews are the most warmly regarded US religious group.Interfaith marriage continues, but a majority of children are receiving a Jewish upbringing.The religious “nones” are growing, but the great majority of them feel proud to be Jewish.Geographic mobility and residential dispersion continue, but new means of internet connections are growing.Recommendations for the future of the social scientific study of US Jewry are offered.Recommendations for the future of ASSJ are suggested.Finally, I end with a personal tribute to my family and finish with a quote from the Talmud. “Scholars increase peace in the world,” and conclude with this praise: “To scholars and to peace!”

The article presents the analysis of anti-innovation barriers in the professional activity of lecturers in Ukraine and outlines the ways to overcome this phenomenon. For this reason the discussions of domestic and foreign scientists on the given problem are introduced; the scientific bases of innovative activity of pedagogues are defined, its essential characteristics are outlined; the reasons for the lecturers’ and teachers’ of general secondary education resistance to pedagogical innovation are identified. The authors represent an experimental scientific study of the problem in the practical activities of educational institutions in Ukraine. The subjects of the experiment were lecturers, students and school teachers in different regions of Ukraine. The pedagogical experiment conducted at the diagnostic level allowed to identify the main problems of educational activities in the field of pedagogical innovation and to propose an original method aimed at overcoming the reasons that hinder the introduction of innovative principles into the educational process of higher educational institutions.

The Sakai Tribe or Oghang Daghek (Orang Darat) live simply and depend on nature in the forest and on the banks of rivers. This tribe is one of the tribes in the Central Sumatra region that has ties to the Minangkabau Tribe. The traditional house itself is very simple, which has the characteristics of an early vernacular house in Sumatra. However, a clear and scientific study of the architectural characteristics of this house is still incomplete. What are the characteristics of the Sakai Tribe House? This research was conducted using a qualitative method approach to analyze the object of the case directly in the field descriptively. The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of this tribal traditional house. This research resulted in the architectural characteristics of the Sakai Tribe.

The introduction of the new University Charter and the era of large-scale reforms in the middle of the XIX century, the emergence of experimental methods of research, and at the same time, the remaining urgent issues of the spread of epidemic diseases made the opening of departments of hygiene acutely necessary. The process of formation and subsequent institutionalization of hygiene teaching as a discipline has not previously been comprehensively covered by researchers in Russian historiography. The possibility of identifying a number of unresolved systemically important tasks allowing to synthesize the main directions of the scientific study of the process of hygiene development in the historical and medical knowledge from an institutional perspective was realized in this article. The history of the organization of hygiene departments in Russia is the subject of many studies. And the publications of general historical medical monographs and textbooks often contain contradictory information that does not reflect some important details and peculiarities of the formation of the traditions of teaching this discipline, which were established in the second half of the XIX century. The result of the study was clarification of data on medical workers who became the first hygiene educators in Russia. It was determined that the regular teaching of hygiene as a separate discipline began in the second semester of the 18641865 academic year at the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University. The first teacher of hygiene in Russia was Professor of Kazan University Arkady Ivanovich Yakobii. It was also clarified that regular hygiene teaching at the Saint Petersburg Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy was established in November 1865. Ivan Maksimovich Sorokin was the first hygiene teacher at the Academy and the first head of the hygiene department. Alexey Petrovich Dobroslavin, who was previously considered the first head of the hygiene department, actually became the second head of the corresponding department, starting teaching only in 1872.

This paper analyses the scientific study on airport efficiency in the WoS (Web of Science) database for the period 2000–2019. Productivity indicators have been obtained by author, years, journals, and institutions, and an analysis of visibility, impact, and scientific collaboration through co-citations was performed. The areas of greatest application are transport, engineering, and economics. This study reveals the existence of three research lines, one on airport safety and management, another on technical efficiency using mainly the DEA method, and the third associated with airport regularization issues. An important issue which is increasingly taken into account in efficiency studies is related to environmental aspects. In the ranking of journals publishing on airport efficiency, ordered by number of articles indexed in WoS, Journal of Air Transport Management is the one with the highest number of cited articles and publications, whereas Sustainability stands out as the first non-specific journal on transport. The University of Lisbon and the University of British Columbia are the ones that deal most with airport efficiency.

Background: Medical knowledge is constantly growing at an exponential rate. Despite this growth, it is estimated to take 17 years for medical innovation to reach the bedside and improve clinical care. Implementation science is the scientific study of methods to facilitate the update of evidence-based practice and research into regular use and policy. Discussion: Implementation science offers theories, models, and frameworks aimed at decreasing the time it takes to get medical innovation to the patient and to sustain the care improvements. Implementation science principles center around five main fundamental concepts that include information diffusion, dissemination, implementation, adoption, and sustainability. Understanding these fundamental concepts allow clinicians to prepare for an implementation by asking the correct questions such as: Are we ready for change?; What is our current process that we want to change?; Who needs to be involved in the implementation?; and How do we measure success? This article describes a successful catheter-associated urinary tract infection quality improvement program implemented using implementation science principles. Conclusion: Implementation science offers many proven tools and strategies to implement new evidence-based medicine and medical innovations into common practice. Clinicians are often the leaders of change and should develop an understanding of implementation science fundamentals to allow successful implementation of quality improvement and research initiatives.

Fifty-six gold fragments—forty-nine pieces of woven textile and seven of twisted cord—from the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum were the subject of an art historical and scientific study to a...

On an ‘internalist’ picture, knowledge isn’t necessary for understanding the nature of perception and perceptual experience. This contrasts with the ‘knowledge first’ picture, according to which it’s essential to the nature of successful perceiving as a mental state that it’s a way of knowing. It’s often thought that naturalistic theorizing about the mind should adopt the internalist picture. However, I argue that a powerful, recently prominent framework for scientific study of the mind, ‘predictive processing,’ instead supports the knowledge first picture. Under predictive processing, it’s intrinsic to successful perceiving that it’s a state with the kind of modal robustness that’s distinctive of knowledge, which gives us reason to think of successful perceiving along knowledge first lines. Furthermore, I argue that the predictive processing framework encourages us to conceptualize experiences which don’t amount to knowledge along knowledge first lines, as states which by their nature fall short of knowledge.

Marriage is one of the sunnah and things chosen by Allah, to reproduce offspring, and to continue human life. So that the practice of marriage has various purposes, namely to maintain offspring, to continue and maintain the safety of life between humans, because it is a form of ta'abbudiyah (servitude) and obedience to every command. This paper aims to examine what is meant by Nikah Misyar and how the law and Maslahah and Mafsadah are. This research is in the form of literature review where the legal source comes from documents or books in accordance with the theme of this research. The data that has been collected is analyzed in the context of mu'tabarah fiqh, so that it gets good and comprehensive analysis results. The scientific study of Misyar Nikah should further spread the explanation of Maslahah and Mafsadah especially to the common people, especially in Indonesia.

A systematic review involves the identification, evaluation, and synthesis of the best-available evidence to provide an answer to a specific question. The "best-available evidence" is, in many cases, a peer-reviewed scientific article published in an academic journal that details the conduct and results of a scientific study. Any potential threat to the validity of these individual studies (and hence the resultant synthesis) must be evaluated and critiqued.In science, the number of predatory journals continue to rise. Studies published in predatory journals may be of lower quality and more likely to be impacted by fraud and error compared to studies published in traditional journals. This poses a threat to the validity of systematic reviews that include these studies and, therefore, the translation of evidence into guidance for policy and practice. Despite the challenges predatory journals present to systematic reviewers, there is currently little guidance regarding how they should be managed.In 2020, a subgroup of the JBI Scientific Committee was formed to investigate this issue. In this overview paper, we introduce predatory journals to systematic reviewers, outline the problems they present and their potential impact on systematic reviews, and provide some alternative strategies for consideration of studies from predatory journals in systematic reviews. Options for systematic reviewers could include excluding all studies from suspected predatory journals, applying additional strategies to forensically examine the results of studies published in suspected predatory journals, setting stringent search limits, and applying analytical techniques (such as subgroup or sensitivity analyses) to investigate the impact of suspected predatory journals in a synthesis.

IntroductionMartin Amis’s novels, Time’s Arrow (1991), and London Fields (1989) have many layers of interpretations including historical study by which scientific study may be distilled. Annealing, as a method in metallurgy science, can be taken into consideration for understanding one of the aspects of the novels’ interpretation. The trend of life after passing the social, cultural and historical circulations based on Jean Francois Lyotard and Michel Foucault and their notions of knowledge, power and time is taken back to its original condition and culminates in recreation.Background StudiesSacido about Martin Amis’s works writes that he condensed the spirit of the times while looking back to authors of the canonical tradition in the form of inter-textual games (235). Johnson mentions that we can describe the mysteries of love as the result of strong annealing process while under the influence of some patterns can trigger high energy states (3).MethodologyThis paper is an attempt to reveal Martin Amis’s selected novels as the process of a dynamic trend by which the original condition is recreated as a result of being stuck in the social circulation. The character circulates in the process of society and achieves new acquired being.ConclusionThe main characters of the both novels have a return from death to life or form the synthesized identity to the original identity through the process of annealing as a result of resonance.

يتناول البحث الکليات القرآنية عند بکر القشيري من کتابه (أحکام القرآن)، وبيان منهجه في إيرادها وتوجيهها والاحتجاج بها عند الترجيح، سواء في مسائل التفسير أو الفقه، مع دراسة علمية لتلک الکليات، وتوجيه معانيها، وبيان أثرها في التفسير، وذکر أمثلة لها. وقد مهد الباحث لذلک بتعريف موجز بالقشيري، ثم عرف موجزا بالکليات وأنواعها، ثم درس الکليات تفصيلا، مبرزا أثر مذهب القشيري الفقهي (المالکي) على تلک الکليات من عدمه، وسلک الباحث في مناقشة الأقوال عند الاختلاف: منهج الترجيح المعلل، مستشهدا بالکتاب والسنة ولغة العرب. The research deals with the Qur’anic faculties of Bakr al-Qushayri from his book (Rulings of the Qur’an), and a statement of his method for reporting, directing and invoking them when weighting, whether in matters of interpretation or jurisprudence, with a scientific study of those faculties, directing their meanings, stating their impact on interpretation, and mentioning examples of them. The researcher paved the way for that with a brief definition of Al-Qushayri, then briefly introduced the colleges and their types, then studied the colleges in detail, highlighting the effect of the al-Qushayri doctrine of jurisprudence (al-Maliki) on those colleges or not.

Baron Empain Palace is one of the most remarkable monuments in the Capital, and one of its unique silhouettes that located in the road connecting the center of Cairo to the airport. The villa Empain situated at high point of the plateau in Avenue Al-Uruba, which was 'Avenue des Palais’ previously. The Palace was established by Belgian businessman Eduard Empain, the founder of Heliopolis district, in 1907-1911 by the architect Alexandre Marcel 1860-1928 and the interior designs were made by georges-Louis Claude. Baron Empain built his own palace in a completely different style as a Hindu temple fantasy in reinforced concrete. The building style was inspired by the Angkor vat temple from 12th century in Cambodia. The idea of introducing the Indian style in Heliopolis was suggested by Alexandre Marcel who already built a Cambodia pavilion for the 1900 EXPO in Paris stucco implementation technology. By looking closely, we can see the exquisite details of the decorations., as in Hindu constructions, are full of statues and inscriptions, but moderately, in a way that distinguishes this pattern from stacking. These decoration elements were often implemented in advance and then it is transferred. The molds themselves were implemented in reinforced cement. Finally, to give the whole a tone, the architect decided to make this building in Siena, with layers of burnt Sienna color. The result was obtained by using colors based iron oxides , and by spraying the parts to be tinted by means of pumps. The given effect is satisfactory and the process, as original as it is. , in this way we dealt with the technology of implementing cement plaster formations by molding in addition to coloring those formations. Investigation and analytical study . it is known that the Baron Palace restoration project was started in 2017 and was completed at the beginning of 2020, and the Palace’s restoration project sparked widespread controversy in the way of the restoration works implement , and in this paper we will shed light on the method of finishing, especially the colors and on what scientific basis a Restoration project of the palace came out We will show Historical studies about the building technology in the palace in addition to the scientific study will be addressed through analyzing the components of the Stucco formations and the colors used by founder, using X-ray diffraction analysis and using scanning electron microscope supplied with the EDX unit , through these analysis and investigation we find the presence of more than one material in these stucco formations like cement and other minerals , and the presence of the colors basically iron oxides. Mixed with gum Arabic media. Aim of study shed light on the technology of (cement and gypsum stucco formations and its color ) by Investigation and analytical study, for a unique Indian style in Empain Palace . segmented molds have been used in large-sized designs, a concrete structure is made and the precast parts are installed on this structure. And the colors that were applied through examinations and analyzes confirmed that the colors are ferric oxides mixed with gum Arabic. الملخص: قصر البارون إمبان أحد أبرز المعالم الأثرية في العاصمة ، وواحد من الصور الفريدة التي تقع على الطريق الذي يربط وسط القاهرة بمطار القاهرة. ويقع قصر البارون إمبان في أعلى نقطة من الهضبة في شارع العروبة ، والذي کان في السابق "شارع القصر". تم إنشاء القصر من قبل رجل الأعمال البلجيکي إدوارد إمبان ، مؤسس منطقة هليوبوليس ، في 1907-1911 من قبل المهندس المعماري ألکسندر مارسيل (1860-1928) والتصاميم الداخلية بواسطة جورج لويس کلود. حيث بنى البارون إمبان قصره الخاص بأسلوب مختلف تماما مثل معبد هندوسي من الخرسانة المسلحة. أسلوب البناء مستوحى من معبد انکوروات من القرن الثاني عشر في کمبوديا. حيث اقترح ألکسندر مارسيل فکرة إدخال النمط الهندي في مصر الجديدة ، بان قام بالفعل ببناء نموذج کمبودي في معرض EXPO 1900م في باريس . تکنولوجيا تنفيذ الجصيات بالقصر: من خلال النظر عن کثب، يمکننا رؤية التفاصيل الرائعة للزخارف. ، کما هو الحال في الإنشاءات الهندوسية، مليئة بالتماثيل والنقوش، ولکن بشکل معتدل، غالبا ما تم تنفيذ عناصر المبني الزخرفية هذه مسبقا ثم تم نقلها. حيث تم تنفيذ القوالب نفسها في الإسمنت المسلح. أخيرا لإعطاء التميز والتفرد ، قرر المهندس المعماري صبغ هذا المبنى بأحمر سيينا، حيث تم الحصول على النتيجة باستخدام ألوان تعتمد على اکاسيد الحديد ، ورش الأجزاء و تلوينها بواسطة المضخات. دراسة الفحوص والتحاليل: مشروع ترميم وتاهبل قصر البارون تم البدء فية عام 2017م وانتهي العمل به في بداية 2020م واثار مشروع ترميم القصر جدلا واسعا في طرية انهاء اعمال الترميم به وفي ورقتنا البحثية هذه سنلقي الضوء علي طريقة الانهاء خاصة موضوع الالوان وعلي اي اساس علمي خرج مشروع ترميم القصر بهذا الشکل وهنا تم تناول تکنولوجيا تنفيذ التشکيلات الجصية عن طريق القولبة اضافة الي تلوين تلک التشکيلات وسيتم تناول الدراسات التاريخية التي تتبعت تکنولوجيا البناء بالقصر اضافة الي الدراسة العلمية من خلال فحص وتحليل مکونات التشکيلات من حيث خامة التشکيلات والالوان المستخدمة بها عن طريق استخدام تحليل حيود الاشعة السينية واستخدام الفحص باستخدام الميکروسکوب الالکتروني الماسح المزود بوحدة الاديکس وتحليل الاشعة تحت الحمراء لمعرفة الوسيط المستخدم مع اللون ومن خلال تلک التحاليل تثبت وجود اکثر من خامة في تنفيذ تلک التشکيلات علي راسها الاسمنت ومکون الجبس الذي استعمل لتنفيذ تشکلات اخري ووجود الوان قوامها الاساسي اکاسيد الحديد, مخلوطة بوسيط الصمغ العربي هدف الدراسة: القاء الضوء علي تکنولوجيا تنفيذ الجصيات والتي اتضح انها تمت عن طريق استخدام القوالب المجزأة لتنفيذ التشکيلات الصغيرة الحجم وفي حالة التشکيلات الکبيرة الحجم يتم عمل هيکل خراساني ويتم ترکيب الاجزاء سابقة الصب علي هذا الهيکل. والالوان التي طبقت عليها من خلال الفحوص والتحاليل لهذا النموذج الهندي الفريد في قصر البارون إمبان, والتي اتضح انها الوان اکاسيد مخلوطة بالصمغ العربي .

سيظل القرآن کتابا خالدا يحمي من تمسک به وبمنهاجه من کيد الکائدين، وشبابنا حين يبتعثون لدول غير مسلمة يواجهون أنکل التحديات الأخلاقية والفکرية، فما أحوجهم إلى الرکون إلى حصون القرآن المنيعة، وقد حاول الخصوم إطفاء سراجه ولکن أنفسهم انقطعت والسراج لم ينطفئ، ويهدف البحث إلى فهم ضرورة ترسيخ قيم القرآن وأخلاقه في تصاريف شبابنا المبتعثين؛ مما يستلزم عمق البحث فيها، فرغم ما کتب فيها إلا أنها تفتقر إلى دراسة علمية متأصلة مباشرة تعمد إلى بيان التأصيل الجذري للبناء الأخلاقي والفکري الذي يحصن شبابنا المبتعثين من التقاط الهنات السلوکية والفکرية المنحرفة، وکذلک تجديد العهد بترسيخ ثوابت الدين في قلوب وعقول شبابنا خشية تأثرهم بشبهات الغرب ، بل واستخدامهم دروعا تدفع الشبهة عن دينهم بلسان حالهم ومقالهم الذي يترجم عن خلق القرآن الذي تربوا عليه، واتبع الباحث في دراسته المنهح الاستنباطي الذي يعمد إلى استنباط صور التحصين الأخلاقي والفکري لشباب الابتعاث، وخلص البحث إلى نتائج منها أن الشريعة الإسلامية أولت عناية فائقة بالستر ، فأمر الإسلام بستر العورات بمفهوميها الحسي الجسدي والمعنوي ، والمعروف بالخصوصيات والأسرار الشخصية ، فقد حث الإسلام البشرية کلها على ستر العورة الجسدية المتناغم مع قصة الوجود الإنساني على الأرض، وأيضا أن أعظم حصن حصن به القرآن الکريم طلاب الابتعاث هو حصن العقيدة المکنونة في بوتقة الفطرو العزائم لدى طلابنا، لها قوة إيمانية تهيمن على أدوات البناء الذاتي لهم، کما على طلاب الابتعاث السير على المنهج النبوي الذي خاطب الله تعالى نبيه حين أمره باتباع الشريعة، ونهاه عن اتباع غيرها ، فاتباع أهواء أصحاب المذاهب الفکرية الغربية الذين لا يعلمون؛ يسقط هاوية المجاهيل الثقافية التي تودي إلى طريق التعاسة والبؤس، وقد ذاق أقطاب هذا الفکر في أوربا ويلات هذا البؤس حتى صار کل يتهم الآخر بالمسئولية عن هذا الهدم الثقافي الذي يقوض الفکر السليم في العالـم؛ لذا لزم على طلاب الابتعاث الالتزام بمصدري الهوية الإسلامية الکتاب والسنة، ومن توصيات البحث ضرورة تفعيل دور المؤسسات البحثية القرآنية وأنساقها لمتابعة الحاجيات الثقافية لطلاب الابتعاث تحصينا لهم من تلقف الفکر المتربص، وأيضا إقامة مؤتمرات وندوات دورية تجمع النخبة من أهل الدراية والاختصاص بغرض دراسة وإعداد خطط تتوحد لإيجاد رؤى متناغمة مع طبيعة التحديات الفکرية والأخلاقية التي تواجه الطلاب المبتعثين . The Qur’an will remain an immortal book that protects those who adhere to it and its curriculum from the plots of the plotters, and our youth when they are sent to non-Muslim countries face all the moral and intellectual challenges, so what do they need to rely on the impregnable fortresses of the Qur’an, and the opponents have tried to extinguish its lamp, but themselves are cut off and the lamp has not been extinguished, and the research aims to understand The necessity of inculcating the values and morals of the Qur’an in the expenditures of our scholarship students; This necessitates a deep research in it, despite what was written in it, but it lacks a direct, rooted scientific study that seeks to demonstrate the radical rooting of the moral and intellectual building that immunizes our scholarship students from picking up deviant behavioral and intellectual insinuations, as well as renewing the covenant to consolidate the constants of religion in the hearts and minds of our youth for fear of being affected by suspicions The West, and even their use as shields to deflect suspicions about their religion through their language and their article that translates about the creation of the Qur’an on which they were brought up. The research concluded with results, including that Islamic Sharia paid great attention to covering, so Islam commanded the covering of defects in their physical and moral sensory concepts, known as privacy and personal secrets, The Holy Qur’an for scholarship students is the bulwark of faith hidden in the crucible of mushrooms And the wills of our students, It has a strong faith that dominates the tools of self-building for them, just as the scholarship students have to follow the Prophetic method, which God Almighty addressed his Prophet when he commanded him to follow the Sharia, and forbade him from following others, so following the whims of the owners of Western intellectual schools who do not know; He falls from the abyss of the cultural unknowns that leads to the path of misery and misery. The poles of this thought in Europe tasted the scourge of this misery until each accused the other of being responsible for this cultural demolition that undermines sound thought in the world, Therefore, it is necessary for the scholarship students to adhere to the two sources of Islamic identity, the Book and the Sunnah, and one of the recommendations of the research is the necessity of activating the role of Quranic research institutions and their formats to follow up on the cultural needs of the scholarship students in order to protect them from the lurking thought. To find visions consistent with the nature of the intellectual and ethical challenges facing the scholarship students.

Summary The criminal subculture in the prison environment has a high level of social danger, decreases the positive effect of resocialization actions, and has a negative impact on the order and security of prisons. These facts determine the study of the criminal subculture to be very actual. The purpose of this research is to identify the theoretical and methodo-logical landmarks of the criminal subculture, as a research object in criminology, with multiple interdisciplinary valences and also to describe how this subject is reflected in the scientific literature., {"references":["1.\tBordua D. J., Delinquent subcultures: sociological interpretations of gang delinquency. În: The annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science. [citat 25.02.2022] Disponibil:.https://deepblue.lib.umich. edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/66990/10.1177_000271626133800113. pdf?sequence=2","2.\tDolea I., Zaharia V., Securitatea personală în mediul penitenciar, Chișinău-IRP: Ed. Cartea Juridică, 2014, 96 pag.","3.\tDonos V., Documentarea ca metodă de realizare a cercetării doctorale. În: Legea și Viața, iunie-iulie 2020, pag. 53-57.","4.\tFatsis L. Criminal subculture or public counterculture? A critical investigati-on into the criminalisation of black musical subcultures. [citat 25.02.2022] Disponibil: https://cris.brighton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/6897417/Grime_Criminal_Subculture_or_Public_Counterculture.pdf","5.\tGasparyan A., ș.a., Baseline study into criminal subculture in prisons in the Republic of Moldova, citat [25.02.2022] Disponibil: https://rm.coe. int/criminal-subculture-md-en-/1680796111","6.\tMărgărint T. Viața în detenție. Antropologia cotidianului. În: Revista de Etnologie și Culturologie, vol.XXVII, anul 2020, pag. 117-123.","Martinez Romera D. D., Sociometria, una metodologia al servicio de la in-vestigacion en el aula de ciencias sociales. În: Propuestas multidisciplinares de innovacion e intervencion educativa, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, 2018, pag.120-128.","8.\tMoraru V., Rusu O. Direcțiile de activitate a asistentului social în instituțiile penitenciare. În: Revista Națională de Drept, nr.4, aprilie, 2009, pag. 23-30.","9.\tNwalozie C. J., Rethinking subculture and subcultural theory in the study of youth crime. În: Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, January 2015, Vol. 7: 1-16. [citat: 25.02.2022]. Disponibil: http://www. jtpcrim.org/JAN2015/CNwalozie.pdf","10.\tRise Moldova, CV-ul unui hoț în lege. [citat 25.02.2022]. Disponibil: https://www.rise.md/ cv-ul-unui-hot-in-lege/?lang=ru","11.\tRusu O. Generalități privind evoluția și conținutul subculturii criminale. În: Analele Științifice ale \"Academiei Ștefan cel Mare\" a MAI RM: Științe Juridice, nr.VII-anul 2007, pag. 147-150.","12.\tRusu O. Resocializarea persoanelor supuse pedepsei cu închisoare prin prisma standardelor în domeniul drepturilor omului, Chișinău: Ed. Cartea Militară, 2019, 284 pag.","13.\tȘubelic L. Subcultura criminală în spațiul ex-sovietic. În: materiale-le conferinței științifico-practice internaționale din 26 iunie 2018. [citat 25.02.2022]. Disponibil: https://ibn.idsi.md/ sites/default/files/imag_ file/449-455_1.pdf","14.\tWolfgang M. E., Ferracuti F., The subculture of violence: Towards an in-tegrated theory in criminology, London: Tavistock Publications, 1967, 412 pag.","15.\tСтарков О.В. Криминальная субкультура: спецкурс, Москва: Волтерс Клувер, 2010, 240 c.","15.\tСтарков О.В. Криминальная субкультура: спецкурс, Москва: Волтерс Клувер, 2010, 240 c.","16.\tПастушеня А.Н. Криминальная психология, Минск: Издательство МИУ, 2007, 176 c.","17. Пирожков В. Ф. Законы приступнова мира мoлoдёжи, Тверь, 1994, 323 c."]}

ملخص البحث هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى المعرفة واكتشاف الكلمات الملايوية ذات أصل عربي في قاموس دايا من N إلى S نموذجا، وثانيهما تصميمها إلى منهج مقترح لغرض تسهيل معلمين لتعليم اللغة العربية للملايويين. وكذلك لمعرفتهم على أن بين اللغتين، الملايوية والعربية علاقة قوية منذ دخول الإسلام في أرض ملايو. وهذا البحث يساعد الطلاب على تعلم اللغة العربية بحيث أنهم يدرسون اللغة العربية مستعينين بلغتهم، فيكون التعلم وحفظ المفردات وفهم المعاني أسهل. ولإنجاز هذه الدراسة العلمية يسلك الباحث المنهج النوعي، وذلك من خلال تصميم المنهج المقترح من الكلمات الملاوية ذات أصل عربي لتعليم اللغة العربية للملاويين، بالاعتماد على كتب تعليم اللغة العربية، والاستفادة منها في تعليم اللغة العربية للملايويين. تواصل الباحث إلى هذه الدراسة في النتيجتين؛ أولهما وجود الكلمات ذات أصل عربي في قاموس دايا وعددها بلغ 175 كلمة من حرفN إلى حرف S، وثانيهما أنه من خلال هذه الكلمات الملايوية يمكن تسهيل عملية التعليم والتعلم، ويكون ذلك في تصميم المنهج المناسب لهم،وذلك باستخدام تلك الكلمات التي لها أصل عربي لتعليم اللغة العربية. وتضمنت هذه الدراسة المهارات الأربع، من الحوارات، والمفرادات، والتدريبات، والنصوص، وكذلك الأساليب والطرق في تعليم اللغة العربية للملايويين. Abstract This study aims to know and find Malay words derived from Arabic in the DAYA then design it into the proposed curriculum to facilitate the teaching of Arabic to the Malay Community. and also to their knowledge that between the two languages, Malay and Arabic, there has been a strong connection since the introduction of Islam in Malay lands. This research helps students learn Arabic indirectly using their language, so they can learn, memorize vocabulary and understand its meaning more easily. To achieve this scientific study, researchers took a qualitative approach by designing a proposed curriculum of Malay words derived from Arabic for teaching Arabic in Malay communities, by researching Arabic textbooks and using them for teaching Arabic in Malay communities. Researchers found two results: the first is the presence of Arabic words in the Daya dictionary and the number reaches around 184 and the second is through these Malay words, the teaching and learning process can be facilitated in designing a curriculum appropriate for the Malay community, and that is by using the words of Malay Language which originated from Arabic making it easier for Malay people to learn Arabic. This study includes four skills except for writing skills, and in them consists of dialogues, vocabulary, exercises, and texts, as well as methods and methods in teaching Arabic to Malay beginners.

Quality of life (QoL) in urban areas is increasingly finding prominence in practice. There are numerous studies interlinking residential built environment and QoL at the city level but very few at ...

The author suggests reviving one of the traditional approaches to researching life in different regions — area studies — within the framework of criminology. Area studies are defined as a comprehensive study of the country, its territory, people and tribes that inhabit it, as well as specific features of its state system, social and political processes, institutions and other phenomena that could present interest for research. The correlation between area studies and regional studies is shown, and the prerequisites for the development of area studies as a source of practical information and a method of fundamental cognition of nature and society are described. The author studies key stages of the development of area studies as an independent discipline and as a field of research and analyzes its specific branches: military and criminological area studies, Oriental studies, etc. The criminological component of area studies played a significant role at the earliest stages of this discipline’s development. The author also describes the essence of criminological area studies, shows the significance of this field of research, delineates criminological area studies and such research fields as the geography of crime and the regional differences of criminal-criminogenic phenomenon. The difference between criminological area studies and comparativism as a method of criminological research is shown. It is proven that area studies are a prerequisite for the development of a new criminological paradigm. At the same time, criminological area studies are viewed as a productive method of understanding new regularities in the criminal sphere that opens up new knowledge frontiers for researchers. The author describes the advantages of studying different aspects of a country’s life as indicators of crimes in comparison with statistical analysis. Examples of identifying fundamental regularities of the criminal-criminogenic phenomenon based on area studies are presented. Considerable attention is paid to the comparative analysis of corruption in the People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The author compares the objectivity of statistical data on the level of corruption and the area studies’ indicators of the degree to which a society is affected by corruption processes. Using the data of criminological area studies, the author argues for the civilization approach to researching deviant behavior and the criminal sphere as well as for identifying civilizational types of crime.