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1. A blocking monoclonal antibody to CCL24 alleviates liver fibrosis and inflammation in experimental models of liver damage

Author

Michal Segal-Salto, Neta Barashi, Avi Katav, Vicktoria Edelshtein, Arnon Aharon, Sharon Hashmueli, Jacob George, Yaakov Maor, Massimo Pinzani, Dan Haberman, Andrew Hall, Scott Friedman, and Adi Mor

Subjects
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background & Aims: C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) is a chemokine that regulates inflammatory and fibrotic activities through its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR3). The aim of the study was to evaluate the involvement of the CCL24-CCR3 axis in liver fibrosis and inflammation and to assess the potential of its blockade, by a monoclonal anti-CCL24 antibody, as a therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Methods: Expression of CCL24 and CCR3 was evaluated in liver biopsies and blood samples. CCL24 involvement in NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis was assessed in Ccl24 knockout mouse using the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet experimental model. Antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CM-101 were tested in the MCD and STAM mouse models and in the thioacetamide (TAA) model in rats. Liver enzymes, liver morphology, histology and collagen deposition, as well as fibrosis- and inflammation-related protein expression were assessed. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was evaluated in the human LX2 cell line. Results: Patients with NASH and advanced NAFLD exhibited significant expression of both CCL24 and CCR3 in liver and blood samples. In the experimental MCD-diet model, Ccl24 knockout mice showed an attenuated liver damage response compared to wild-type mice, exhibiting reduced histological NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis, as well as lower levels of liver enzymes. Blocking CCL24 using CM-101 robustly reduced liver damage in 3 experimental animal models (MCD, STAM and TAA), as demonstrated by attenuation of liver fibrosis and NAFLD activity score. Furthermore, blocking CCL24 by CM-101 significantly inhibited CCL24-induced HSC motility, α-SMA expression and pro-collagen I secretion. Conclusion: Our results reveal that blocking CCL24 significantly attenuates liver fibrosis and inflammation and may have a potential therapeutic effect in patients with NASH and/or liver fibrosis. Lay summary: CCL24 is a chemokine that regulates inflammation and fibrosis. It was found to be significantly expressed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, in whom it regulates profibrotic processes in the liver. Herein, we show that blockade of CCL24 using a monoclonal antibody robustly attenuated liver fibrosis and inflammation in animal models, thus suggesting a potential therapeutic role for an anti-CCL24 agent. Keywords: C-C motif chemokine ligand 24, CCL24, Antibody, CM-101, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Fibrosis

Published
2020
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8. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Jane Rigby, Marshall D Perrin, Michael W McElwain, Randy A Kimble, Scott Friedman, Matt Lallo, René Doyon, Lee D Feinberg, Pierre Ferruit, Alistair Glasse, Marcia Rieke, George Rieke, Gillian Wright, Chris Willott, Knicole Colon, Stefanie Milam, Susan Neff, Christopher C Stark, Jeff Valenti, Jim Abell, Faith E Abney, Yasin Abul-huda, D. Scott Acton, Evan Adams, David Adler, Jonathan Aguilar, Nasif Ahmed, Loic Albert, Stacey Alberts, David Aldridge, Marsha Allen, Martin Altenburg, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Catarina Alves De Oliveira, Gregory Andersen, Kimberly Banks, Matthew D Bergkoetter, Ray Boucarut, Charles Bowers, Steven Cale, Mark Clampin, Brian Comber, James Cooper, Michael Davis, Bruce Dean, John Durning, David Franz, Jonathan P. Gardner, Paul Geithner, Stuart Glazer, Thomas P Greene, Matthew A Greenhouse, Kong Quy Ha, Joseph M. Howard, Sandra Irish, Amir Jahromi, Bryan James, Alden Jurling, Ritva Keski-kuha, Jon Lawrence, Peiman Maghami, John Mather, Michael Menzel, Gary Mosier, William Ochs, Richard Ottens, Keith Parrish, Bernard Rauscher, Karen Richon, Thomas Roellig, Scott Rohrbach, Evan Sheehan, Erin Smith, Amber Straughn, Shaun Thomson, Julie Van Campen, Paul Whitehouse, and Thomas Zielinski

Subjects
Astronomy, Instrumentation and Photography
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.

Published
2023
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9. The Mid-infrared Instrument for JWST and Its In-flight Performance

Author

Gillian S. Wright, George H. Rieke, Alistair Glasse, Michael Ressler, Macarena García Marín, Jonathan Aguilar, Stacey Alberts, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Ioannis Argyriou, Kimberly Banks, Pierre Baudoz, Anthony Boccaletti, Patrice Bouchet, Jeroen Bouwman, Bernard R. Brandl, David Breda, Stacey Bright, Steven Cale, Luis Colina, Christophe Cossou, Alain Coulais, Misty Cracraft, Wim De Meester, Daniel Dicken, Michael Engesser, Mireya Etxaluze, Ori D. Fox, Scott Friedman, Henry Fu, Danny Gasman, András Gáspár, René Gastaud, Vincent Geers, Adrian Michael Glauser, Karl D. Gordon, Thomas Greene, Thomas R. Greve, Timothy Grundy, Manuel Güdel, Pierre Guillard, Peter Haderlein, Ryan Hashimoto, Thomas Henning, Dean Hines, Bryan Holler, Örs Hunor Detre, Amir Jahromi, Bryan James, Olivia C. Jones, Kay Justtanont, Patrick Kavanagh, Sarah Kendrew, Pamela Klaassen, Oliver Krause, Alvaro Labiano, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Scott Lambros, Kirsten Larson, David Law, David Lee, Mattia Libralato, Jose Lorenzo Alverez, Margaret Meixner, Jane Morrison, Migo Mueller, Katherine Murray, Matthew Mycroft, Richard Myers, Omnarayani Nayak, Bret Naylor, Bryony Nickson, Alberto Noriega-Crespo, Göran Östlin, Brian O’Sullivan, Richard Ottens, Polychronis Patapis, Konstantin Penanen, Martin Pietraszkiewicz, Tom Ray, Michael Regan, Anthony Roteliuk, Pierre Royer, Piyal Samara-Ratna, Bridget Samuelson, Beth A. Sargent, Silvia Scheithauer, Analyn Schneider, Jürgen Schreiber, Bryan Shaughnessy, Evan Sheehan, Irene Shivaei, G. C. Sloan, Laszlo Tamas, Kelly Teague, Tea Temim, Tuomo Tikkanen, Samuel Tustain, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Bart Vandenbussche, Mark Weilert, Paul Whitehouse, and Schuyler Wolff

Published
2023
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12. Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome

Author

Shefali Sood and Scott Friedman

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Purpose: To describe a case of retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) in a patient with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)/Lynch syndrome. Methods: A case and its findings were analyzed. Results: A 68-year-old woman presented with a recent history of decreased near vision in the left eye. Both eyes had a visual acuity of 20/20 with normal intraocular pressure. The right retina was normal. The left retina had a focal dilation of the retinal arteriole with a surrounding hemorrhage and lipid in the inferonasal quadrant. The patient was diagnosed with RAM and was subsequently treated with focal laser photocoagulation. The patient had a medical history of stage 1 colon cancer associated with HNPCC/Lynch syndrome. Conclusions: Increased vascular network complexity has been reported in HNPCC/Lynch syndrome. This is the first report of a RAM in a patient with this genetic profile. Given the atypical presentation, there may be an association between HNPCC/Lynch syndrome and RAMs.

Published
2023
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13. Cost of Ranibizumab Port Delivery System vs Intravitreal Injections for Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author

Shefali Sood, Jordan Mandell, Arjun Watane, Scott Friedman, and Ravi Parikh

Subjects
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Medicare, Choroidal Neovascularization, United States, Bevacizumab, Ophthalmology, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, Ranibizumab, Intravitreal Injections, Wet Macular Degeneration, Humans, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Original Investigation, Aged
Abstract

IMPORTANCE: The study team investigated costs associated with the ranibizumab port delivery system (PDS) for neovascular age-related macular (nAMD), an alternative to conventional intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. OBJECTIVE: To investigate costs of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections vs ranibizumab PDS for patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cost analysis used trial data and Medicare reimbursement rates and included patients with nAMD who were receiving ranibizumab, aflibercept, bevacizumab injections, or ranibizumab PDS. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The number of intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab injections to break even with costs of ranibizumab PDS. Total direct medical costs over 1 year and 5 years for the ranibizumab PDS arm with refills at fixed 6-month intervals compared with monthly or bimonthly injections were calculated using Medicare rates. Scenario and sensitivity analyses accounted for uncertainty and variation. RESULTS: The mean (SD) number of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab injections to break even with the cost of ranibizumab PDS with 1 refill was 10.8 (1.3), 9.3 (1.1), and 34.5 (4.2), respectively. Ranibizumab PDS with fixed 6-month refills over 1 year cost $21 016 ($2102). Comparatively, monthly intravitreal ranibizumab cost $1943 (95% CI, −$3047 to $6932; P = .34) more, aflibercept cost $5702 (95% CI, $253-$11 151; P = .04) more, and bevacizumab cost $16 732 (95% CI, −$20 170 to −$13 294, P

Published
2023

14. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature

Author

Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wai-Sun Wong, Vincent, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wai-Sun Wong, Vincent, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, and Shira Zelber-Sagi

Abstract

The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in 4 online surveys and 2 hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms “nonalcoholic” and “fatty” were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, outside pure metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, termed metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD), was selected to describe those with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140–350 g/wk and 210–420 g/wk for females and males, respectively). The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmati

Published
2023

18. A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature

Author

Rinella, Mary E, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Ratziu, Vlad, Francque, Sven M, Sanyal, Arun J, Kanwal, Fasiha, Romero, Diana, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Anstee, Quentin M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Beuers, Ulrich, Boursier, Jerome, Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Byrne, Christopher, Castro Narro, Graciela E, Chowdhury, Abhijit, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cryer, Donna, Cusi, Kenneth, El-Kassas, Mohamed, Klein, Samuel, Eskridge, Wayne, Fan, Jiangao, Gawrieh, Samer, Guy, Cynthia D, Harrison, Stephen A, Kim, Seung Up, Koot, Bart, Korenjak, Marko, Kowdley, Kris, Lacaille, Florence, Loomba, Rohit, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Morgan, Timothy R, Powell, Elisabeth, Roden, Michael, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Silva, Marcelo, Singh, Shivaram Prasad, Sookoian, Silvia C, Spearman, C Wendy, Tiniakos, Dina, Valenti, Luca, Vos, Miriam B, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Xanthakos, Stavra, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Younossi, Zobair, Hobbs, Ansley, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Newsome, Philip NVeeral Ajmeral, William Alazawi, Maryam Alkhatry, Naim Alkhouri, Alina Allen, Michael Allison, Khalid Alswat, Mario R Alvares-da-Silva, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Matthew J Armstrong, Diego Arufe, Pablo Aschner, Gyorgy Baffy, Meena Bansal, Pierre Bedossa, Renata Belfort, Thomas Berg, Annalisa Berzigotti, Michael Betel, Cristiana Bianco, Clifford Brass, Carol L Brosgart, Elizabeth Matthews Brunt, Maria Buti, Steve Caldwell, Rotonya Carr, Teresa Casanovas, Laurent Castera, Cyrielle Caussy, Eira Cerda, Naga Chalasani, Wah Kheong Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Michael Charlton, Amanda Cheung, Daniela Chiodi, Ray Chung, David Cohen, Kathleen Corey, Helma P Cotrim, Javier Crespo, Anuradha Dassanayake, Nicholas Davidson, Robert De Knegt, Victor De Ledinghen, Münevver Demir, Sebastian Diaz, Anna Mae Diehl, Bruce Dimmig, Melisa Dirchwolf, Ajay Duseja, Karel Dvorak, Mattias Ekstedt, Reda El Wakil, María Lucía Ferraz, Scott Friedman, Michael Fuchs, Amalia Gastaldelli, Anja Geerts, Andreas Geier, Marcos Girala, George Goh, Nicolas Goossens, Isabel Graupera, Hannes Hagström, Zachary Henry, Bela Hunyady, Alan Hutchison, Scott Isaacs, François Jornayvaz, Cynthia Kemp, Denise Kile, Won Kim, David Kleiner, Rohit Kohli, Marcelo Kugelmas, Joel Lavine, Mariana Lazo, Nathalie Leite, Adelina Lozano, Panu Luukkonen, Paula Macedo, Dina Mansour, Christos Mantzoros, Giulio Marchesini, Sebastián Marciano, Kim Martinez, Lyudmila Vladimirova Mateva, Jose M Mato, Alexis McCary, Luca Miele, Ivana Mikolasevic, Veronica Miller, Rosalba Moreno, Cynthia Moylan, Atsushi Nakajima, Jean Charles Nault, Suzanne Norris, Mazen Noureddin, C P Oliveira, Arlin Ong, Martín Padilla, Raluca Pais, Arturo Panduro, Manas K Panigrahi, George Papatheodoridis, Serena Pelusi, Marlene Pérez, Juanita Perez Escobar, Gianluca Perseghin, Mario Pessoa, Salvatore Petta, Massimo Pinzani, Monica Platon Lupsor, Atoosa Rabiee, Stefano Romeo, Yaron Rotman, Ian Rowe, Riina Salupere, Sanjaya Satapathy, Jörn M Schattenberg, Wendy Schaufert, Bernd Schnabl, Lynn Seim, Lawrence Serfaty, David Shapiro, Ashwani K Singal, Lubomir Skladany, Norbert Stefan, Jonathan Stine, Shikha Sundaram, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Gyonzgi Szabo, Frank Tacke, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Targher, Norah Terrault, Brent Tetri, Maja Thiele, Baron Tisthammer, Aldo Torre Delgadillo, Michael Trauner, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Laurens Van Kleef, Saskia Van Mil, Lisa VanWagner, Jose Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, Mette Vesterhus, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Kymberly Watt, Julia Wattacheril, Fonda Wilkins, José Willemse, Amany Zekry, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Mary E, R, Jeffrey V, L, Vlad, R, Sven M, F, Arun J, S, Fasiha, K, Diana, R, Manal F, A, Quentin M, A, Juan Pablo, A, Marco, A, Ramon, B, Ulrich, B, Jerome, B, Elisabetta, B, Christopher, B, Graciela E, C, Abhijit, C, Helena, C, Donna, C, Kenneth, C, Mohamed, E, Samuel, K, Wayne, E, Jiangao, F, Samer, G, Cynthia D, G, Stephen A, H, Seung Up, K, Bart, K, Marko, K, Kris, K, Florence, L, Rohit, L, Robert, M, Timothy R, M, Elisabeth, P, Michael, R, Manuel, R, Marcelo, S, Shivaram Prasad, S, Silvia C, S, C Wendy, S, Dina, T, Luca, V, Miriam B, V, Vincent, W, Stavra, X, Yusuf, Y, Zobair, Y, Ansley, H, Marcela, V, Newsome, NVeeral Ajmeral, P, Alazawi, W, Alkhatry, M, Alkhouri, N, Allen, A, Allison, M, Alswat, K, R Alvares-da-Silva, M, Alves-Bezerra, M, J Armstrong, M, Arufe, D, Aschner, P, Baffy, G, Bansal, M, Bedossa, P, Belfort, R, Berg, T, Berzigotti, A, Betel, M, Bianco, C, Brass, C, L Brosgart, C, Matthews Brunt, E, Buti, M, Caldwell, S, Carr, R, Casanovas, T, Castera, L, Caussy, C, Cerda, E, Chalasani, N, Kheong Chan, W, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Charlton, M, Cheung, A, Chiodi, D, Chung, R, Cohen, D, Corey, K, P Cotrim, H, Crespo, J, Dassanayake, A, Davidson, N, De Knegt, R, De Ledinghen, V, Demir, M, Diaz, S, Mae Diehl, A, Dimmig, B, Dirchwolf, M, Duseja, A, Dvorak, K, Ekstedt, M, El Wakil, R, Lucía Ferraz, M, Friedman, S, Fuchs, M, Gastaldelli, A, Geerts, A, Geier, A, Girala, M, Goh, G, Goossens, N, Graupera, I, Hagström, H, Henry, Z, Hunyady, B, Hutchison, A, Isaacs, S, Jornayvaz, F, Kemp, C, Kile, D, Kim, W, Kleiner, D, Kohli, R, Kugelmas, M, Lavine, J, Lazo, M, Leite, N, Lozano, A, Luukkonen, P, Macedo, P, Mansour, D, Mantzoros, C, Marchesini, G, Marciano, S, Martinez, K, Vladimirova Mateva, L, M Mato, J, Mccary, A, Miele, L, Mikolasevic, I, Miller, V, Moreno, R, Moylan, C, Nakajima, A, Charles Nault, J, Norris, S, Noureddin, M, P Oliveira, C, Ong, A, Padilla, M, Pais, R, Panduro, A, K Panigrahi, M, Papatheodoridis, G, Pelusi, S, Pérez, M, Perez Escobar, J, Perseghin, G, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Pinzani, M, Platon Lupsor, M, Rabiee, A, Romeo, S, Rotman, Y, Rowe, I, Salupere, R, Satapathy, S, M Schattenberg, J, Schaufert, W, Schnabl, B, Seim, L, Serfaty, L, Shapiro, D, K Singal, A, Skladany, L, Stefan, N, Stine, J, Sundaram, S, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Szabo, G, Tacke, F, Tanwandee, T, Targher, G, Terrault, N, Tetri, B, Thiele, M, Tisthammer, B, Torre Delgadillo, A, Trauner, M, Tsochatzis, E, Van Kleef, L, Van Mil, S, Vanwagner, L, Antonio Velarde Ruiz Velasco, J, Vesterhus, M, Vilar-Gomez, E, Watt, K, Wattacheril, J, Wilkins, F, Willemse, J, Zekry, A, Zelber-Sagi, S, and Vincent Wai-Sun, W

Subjects
steatotic liver disease, MASLD, alcohol, steatohepatiti, MetALD, NASH, nonalcoholic, Delphi, Fatty liver disease, NAFLD, cardiometabolic, nomenclature, mafld, type 2 diabetes, MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGIA
Abstract

Unlabelled: The principal limitations of the terms nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. Methods: A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. Consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in four online surveys and two hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83% and 78%, respectively. 74% of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms 'non-alcoholic' and 'fatty' were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic SLD. A new category, outside pure MASLD, termed MetALD was selected to describe those with MASLD who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140 to 350g/week and 210 to 420g/week for females and males respectively). Conclusions: The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported, non-stigmatising and can improve awareness and patient identification.

Published
2023

24. Comparison of Incremental Costs and Medicare Reimbursement for Simple vs Complex Cataract Surgery Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing

Author

David S. Portney, Sean T. Berkowitz, Desmond C. Garner, Adel Qalieh, Vikram Tiwari, Scott Friedman, Shriji Patel, Ravi Parikh, and Shahzad I. Mian

Subjects
Ophthalmology
Abstract

ImportanceCataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries across medicine and an integral part of ophthalmologic care. Complex cataract surgery requires more time and resources than simple cataract surgery, yet it remains unclear whether the incremental reimbursement for complex cataract surgery, compared with simple cataract surgery, offsets the increased costs.ObjectiveTo measure the difference in day-of-surgery costs and net earnings between simple and complex cataract surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study is an economic analysis at a single academic institution using time-driven activity-based costing methodology to determine the operative-day costs of simple and complex cataract surgery. Process flow mapping was used to define the operative episode limited to the day of surgery. Simple and complex cataract surgery cases (Current Procedural Terminology codes 66984 and 66982, respectively) at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center from 2017 to 2021 were included in the analysis. Time estimates were obtained using an internal anesthesia record system. Financial estimates were obtained using a mix of internal sources and prior literature. Supply costs were obtained from the electronic health record.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifference in day-of-surgery costs and net earnings.ResultsA total of 16 092 cataract surgeries were included, 13 904 simple and 2188 complex. Time-based day-of-surgery costs for simple and complex cataract surgery were $1486.24 and $2205.83, respectively, with a mean difference of $719.59 (95% CI, $684.09-$755.09; P P Conclusions and RelevanceThis economic analysis suggests that the incremental reimbursement for complex cataract surgery undervalues the resource costs required for the procedure, failing to cover increased costs and accounting for less than 2 minutes of increased operating time. These findings may affect ophthalmologist practice patterns and access to care for certain patients, which may ultimately justify increasing cataract surgery reimbursement.

Published
2023
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26. The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Author

Jane Rigby, Marshall Perrin, Michael McElwain, Randy Kimble, Scott Friedman, Matt Lallo, René Doyon, Lee Feinberg, Pierre Ferruit, Alistair Glasse, Marcia Rieke, George Rieke, Gillian Wright, Chris Willott, Knicole Colon, Stefanie Milam, Susan Neff, Christopher Stark, Jeff Valenti, Jim Abell, Faith Abney, Yasin Abul-Huda, D. Scott Acton, Evan Adams, David Adler, Jonathan Aguilar, Nasif Ahmed, Loïc Albert, Stacey Alberts, David Aldridge, Marsha Allen, Martin Altenburg, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Catarina Alves de Oliveira, Greg Andersen, Harry Anderson, Sara Anderson, Ioannis Argyriou, Amber Armstrong, Santiago Arribas, Etienne Artigau, Amanda Arvai, Charles Atkinson, Gregory Bacon, Thomas Bair, Kimberly Banks, Jaclyn Barrientes, Bruce Barringer, Peter Bartosik, William Bast, Pierre Baudoz, Thomas Beatty, Katie Bechtold, Tracy Beck, Eddie Bergeron, Matthew Bergkoetter, Rachana Bhatawdekar, Stephan Birkmann, Ronald Blazek, Claire Blome, Anthony Boccaletti, Torsten Böker, John Boia, Nina Bonaventura, Nicholas Bond, Kari Bosley, Ray Boucarut, Matthew Bourque, Jeroen Bouwman, Gary Bower, Charles Bowers, Martha Boyer, Larry Bradley, Greg Brady, Hannah Braun, David Breda, Pamela Bresnahan, Stacey Bright, Christopher Britt, Asa Bromenschenkel, Brian Brooks, Keira Brooks, Bob Brown, Matthew Brown, Patricia Brown, Andy Bunker, Matthew Burger, Howard Bushouse, Steven Cale, Alex Cameron, Peter Cameron, Alicia Canipe, James Caplinger, Francis Caputo, Mihai Cara, Larkin Carey, Stefano Carniani, Maria Carrasquilla, Margaret Carruthers, Michael Case, Riggs Catherine, Don Chance, George Chapman, Stéphane Charlot, Brian Charlow, Pierre Chayer, Bin Chen, Brian Cherinka, Sarah Chichester, Zack Chilton, Taylor Chonis, Mark Clampin, Charles Clark, Kerry Clark, Dan Coe, Benee Coleman, Brian Comber, Tom Comeau, Dennis Connolly, James Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Eric Coppock, Matteo Correnti, Christophe Cossou, Alain Coulais, Laura Coyle, Misty Cracraft, Mirko Curti, Steven Cuturic, Katherine Davis, Michael Davis, Bruce Dean, Amy DeLisa, Wim deMeester, Nadia Dencheva, Nadezhda Dencheva, Joseph DePasquale, Jeremy Deschenes, Örs Hunor Detre, Rosa Diaz, Dan Dicken, Audrey DiFelice, Matthew Dillman, William Dixon, Jesse Doggett, Tom Donaldson, Rob Douglas, Kimberly DuPrie, Jean Dupuis, John Durning, Nilufar Easmin, Weston Eck, Chinwe Edeani, Eiichi Egami, Ralf Ehrenwinkler, Jonathan Eisenhamer, Michael Eisenhower, Michelle Elie, James Elliott, Kyle Elliott, Tracy Ellis, Michael Engesser, Nestor Espinoza, Odessa Etienne, Mireya Etxaluze, Patrick Falini, Matthew Feeney, Malcolm Ferry, Joseph Filippazzo, Brian Fincham, Mees Fix, Nicolas Flagey, Michael Florian, Jim Flynn, Erin Fontanella, Terrance Ford, Peter Forshay, Ori Fox, David Franz, Henry Fu, Alexander Fullerton, Sergey Galkin, Anthony Galyer, Macarena García Marín, Jonathan P. Gardner, Lisa Gardner, Dennis Garland, Bruce Garrett, Danny Gasman, Andras Gaspar, Daniel Gaudreau, Peter Gauthier, Vincent Geers, Paul Geithner, Mario Gennaro, Giovanna Giardino, Julien Girard, Mark Giuliano, Kirk Glassmire, Adrian Glauser, Stuart Glazer, John Godfrey, David Golimowski, David Gollnitz, Fan Gong, Shireen Gonzaga, Michael Gordon, Karl Gordon, Paul Goudfrooij, Thomas Greene, Matthew Greenhouse, Stefano Grimaldi, Andrew Groebner, Timothy Grundy, Pierre Guillard, Irvin Gutman, Kong Q. Ha, Peter Haderlein, Andria Hagedorn, Kevin Hainline, Craig Haley, Maryam Hami, Forrest Hamilton, Heidi Hammel, Carl Hansen, Tom Harkins, Michael Harr, Jessica Hart, Quyen Hart, George Hartig, Ryan Hashimoto, Sujee Haskins, William Hathaway, Keith Havey, Brian Hayden, Karen Hecht, Chris Heller-Boyer, Caroline Henriques, Alaina Henry, Karl Hermann, Scarlin Hernandez, Brigette Hesman, Brian Hicks, Bryan Hilbert, Dean Hines, Melissa Hoffman, Sherie Holfeltz, Bryan J. Holler, Jennifer Hoppa, Kyle Hott, Joseph M. Howard, Rick Howard, Alexander Hunter, David Hunter, Brendan Hurst, Bernd Husemann, Leah Hustak, Luminita Ilinca Ignat, Garth Illingworth, Sandra Irish, Wallace Jackson, Amir Jahromi, Peter Jakobsen, LeAndrea James, Bryan James, William Januszewski, Ann Jenkins, Hussein Jirdeh, Phillip Johnson, Timothy Johnson, Vicki Jones, Ron Jones, Danny Jones, Olivia Jones, Ian Jordan, Margaret Jordan, Sarah Jurczyk, Alden Jurling, Catherine Kaleida, Phillip Kalmanson, Jens Kammerer, Huijo Kang, Shaw-Hong Kao, Diane Karakla, Patrick Kavanagh, Doug Kelly, Sarah Kendrew, Herbert Kennedy, Deborah Kenny, Ritva Keski-kuha, Charles Keyes, Richard Kidwell, Wayne Kinzel, Jeff Kirk, Mark Kirkpatrick, Danielle Kirshenblat, Pamela Klaassen, Bryan Knapp, J. Scott Knight, Perry Knollenberg, Robert Koehler, Anton Koekemoer, Aiden Kovacs, Trey Kulp, Nimisha Kumari, Mark Kyprianou, Stephanie La Massa, Aurora Labador, Alvaro Labiano, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Charles-Philippe Lajoie, Matthew Lallo, May Lam, Tracy Lamb, Scott Lambros, Richard Lampenfield, James Langston, Kirsten Larson, David Law, Jon Lawrence, David Lee, Jarron Leisenring, Kelly Lepo, Michael Leveille, Nancy Levenson, Marie Levine, Zena Levy, Dan Lewis, Hannah Lewis, Mattia Libralato, Paul Lightsey, Miranda Link, Lily Liu, Amy Lo, Alexandra Lockwood, Ryan Logue, Chris Long, Douglas Long, Charles Loomis, Marcos Lopez-Caniego, Jose Lorenzo Alvarez, Jennifer Love-Pruitt, Adrian Lucy, Nora Luetzgendorf, Peiman Maghami, Roberto Maiolino, Melissa Major, Sunita Malla, Eliot Malumuth, Elena Manjavacas, Crystal Mannfolk, Amanda Marrione, Anthony Marston, André Martel, Marc Maschmann, Gregory Masci, Michaela Masciarelli, Michael Maszkiewicz, John Mather, Kenny McKenzie, Brian McLean, Matthew McMaster, Katie Melbourne, Marcio Meléndez, Michael Menzel, Kaiya Merz, Michele Meyett, Luis Meza, Cherie Miskey, Karl Misselt, Christopher Moller, Jane Morrison, Ernie Morse, Harvey Moseley, Gary Mosier, Matt Mountain, Julio Mueckay, Michael Mueller, Susan Mullally, Jess Murphy, Katherine Murray, Claire Murray, David Mustelier, James Muzerolle, Matthew Mycroft, Richard Myers, Kaila Myrick, Shashvat Nanavati, Elizabeth Nance, Omnarayani Nayak, Bret Naylor, Edmund Nelan, Bryony Nickson, Alethea Nielson, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Nikolay Nikolov, Alberto Noriega-Crespo, Brian O’Shaughnessy, Brian O’Sullivan, William Ochs, Patrick Ogle, Brenda Oleszczuk, Joseph Olmsted, Shannon Osborne, Richard Ottens, Beverly Owens, Camilla Pacifici, Alyssa Pagan, James Page, Sang Park, Keith Parrish, Polychronis Patapis, Lee Paul, Tyler Pauly, Cheryl Pavlovsky, Andrew Pedder, Matthew Peek, Maria Pena-Guerrero, Konstantin Penanen, Yesenia Perez, Michele Perna, Beth Perriello, Kevin Phillips, Martin Pietraszkiewicz, Jean-Paul Pinaud, Norbert Pirzkal, Joseph Pitman, Aidan Piwowar, Vera Platais, Danielle Player, Rachel Plesha, Joe Pollizi, Ethan Polster, Klaus Pontoppidan, Blair Porterfield, Charles Proffitt, Laurent Pueyo, Christine Pulliam, Brian Quirt, Irma Quispe Neira, Rafael Ramos Alarcon, Leah Ramsay, Greg Rapp, Robert Rapp, Bernard Rauscher, Swara Ravindranath, Timothy Rawle, Michael Regan, Timothy A. Reichard, Carl Reis, Michael E. Ressler, Armin Rest, Paul Reynolds, Timothy Rhue, Karen Richon, Emily Rickman, Michael Ridgaway, Christine Ritchie, Hans-Walter Rix, Massimo Robberto, Gregory Robinson, Michael Robinson, Orion Robinson, Frank Rock, David Rodriguez, Bruno Rodriguez Del Pino, Thomas Roellig, Scott Rohrbach, Anthony Roman, Fred Romelfanger, Perry Rose, Anthony Roteliuk, Marc Roth, Braden Rothwell, Neil Rowlands, Arpita Roy, Pierre Royer, Patricia Royle, Chunlei Rui, Peter Rumler, Joel Runnels, Melissa Russ, Zafar Rustamkulov, Grant Ryden, Holly Ryer, Modhumita Sabata, Derek Sabatke, Elena Sabbi, Bridget Samuelson, Benjamin Sapp, Bradley Sappington, B. Sargent, Arne Sauer, Silvia Scheithauer, Everett Schlawin, Joseph Schlitz, Tyler Schmitz, Analyn Schneider, Jürgen Schreiber, Vonessa Schulze, Ryan Schwab, John Scott, Kenneth Sembach, Clare Shanahan, Bryan Shaughnessy, Richard Shaw, Nanci Shawger, Christopher Shay, Evan Sheehan, Sharon Shen, Allan Sherman, Bernard Shiao, Hsin-Yi Shih, Irene Shivaei, Matthew Sienkiewicz, David Sing, Marco Sirianni, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Joy Skipper, G. C. Sloan, Christine Slocum, Steven Slowinski, Erin Smith, Eric Smith, Denise Smith, Corbett Smith, Gregory Snyder, Warren Soh, Sangmo Tony Sohn, Christian Soto, Richard Spencer, Scott Stallcup, John Stansberry, Carl Starr, Elysia Starr, Alphonso Stewart, Massimo Stiavelli, Amber Straughn, David Strickland, Jeff Stys, Francis Summers, Fengwu Sun, Ben Sunnquist, Daryl Swade, Michael Swam, Robert Swaters, Robby Swoish, Joanna M. Taylor, Rolanda Taylor, Maurice Te Plate, Mason Tea, Kelly Teague, Randal Telfer, Tea Temim, Deepashri Thatte, Christopher Thompson, Linda Thompson, Shaun Thomson, Tuomo Tikkanen, William Tippet, Connor Todd, Sharon Toolan, Hien Tran, Edwin Trejo, Justin Truong, Chris Tsukamoto, Samuel Tustain, Harrison Tyra, Leonardo Ubeda, Kelli Underwood, Michael Uzzo, Julie Van Campen, Thomas Vandal, Bart Vandenbussche, Begoña Vila, Kevin Volk, Glenn Wahlgren, Mark Waldman, Chanda Walker, Michel Wander, Christine Warfield, Gerald Warner, Matthew Wasiak, Mitchell Watkins, Andrew Weaver, Mark Weilert, Nick Weiser, Ben Weiss, Sarah Weissman, Alan Welty, Garrett West, Lauren Wheate, Elizabeth Wheatley, Thomas Wheeler, Rick White, Kevin Whiteaker, Paul Whitehouse, Jennifer Whiteleather, William Whitman, Christina Williams, Christopher Willmer, Scott Willoughby, Andrew Wilson, Gregory Wirth, Emily Wislowski, Erin Wolf, David Wolfe, Schuyler Wolff, Bill Workman, Ray Wright, Carl Wu, Rai Wu, Kristen Wymer, Kayla Yates, Christopher Yeager, Jared Yeates, Ethan Yerger, Jinmi Yoon, Alice Young, Susan Yu, Dean Zak, Peter Zeidler, Julia Zhou, Thomas Zielinski, Cristian Zincke, Stephanie Zonak, Rigby, J., Perrin, M., Mcelwain, M., Kimble, R., Friedman, S., Lallo, M., Doyon, R., Feinberg, L., Ferruit, P., Glasse, A., Rieke, M., Rieke, G., Wright, G., Willott, C., Colon, K., Milam, S., Neff, S., Stark, C., Valenti, J., Abell, J., Abney, F., Abul-Huda, Y., Scott Acton, D., Adams, E., Adler, D., Aguilar, J., Ahmed, N., Albert, L., Alberts, S., Aldridge, D., Allen, M., Altenburg, M., Alvarez-Marquez, J., Alves de Oliveira, C., Andersen, G., Anderson, H., Anderson, S., Argyriou, I., Armstrong, A., Arribas, S., Artigau, E., Arvai, A., Atkinson, C., Bacon, G., Bair, T., Banks, K., Barrientes, J., Barringer, B., Bartosik, P., Bast, W., Baudoz, P., Beatty, T., Bechtold, K., Beck, T., Bergeron, E., Bergkoetter, M., Bhatawdekar, R., Birkmann, S., Blazek, R., Blome, C., Boccaletti, A., Boker, T., Boia, J., Bonaventura, N., Bond, N., Bosley, K., Boucarut, R., Bourque, M., Bouwman, J., Bower, G., Bowers, C., Boyer, M., Bradley, L., Brady, G., Braun, H., Breda, D., Bresnahan, P., Bright, S., Britt, C., Bromenschenkel, A., Brooks, B., Brooks, K., Brown, B., Brown, M., Brown, P., Bunker, A., Burger, M., Bushouse, H., Cale, S., Cameron, A., Cameron, P., Canipe, A., Caplinger, J., Caputo, F., Cara, M., Carey, L., Carniani, S., Carrasquilla, M., Carruthers, M., Case, M., Catherine, R., Chance, D., Chapman, G., Charlot, S., Charlow, B., Chayer, P., Chen, B., Cherinka, B., Chichester, S., Chilton, Z., Chonis, T., Clampin, M., Clark, C., Clark, K., Coe, D., Coleman, B., Comber, B., Comeau, T., Connolly, D., Cooper, J., Cooper, R., Coppock, E., Correnti, M., Cossou, C., Coulais, A., Coyle, L., Cracraft, M., Curti, M., Cuturic, S., Davis, K., Davis, M., Dean, B., Delisa, A., Demeester, W., Dencheva, N., Depasquale, J., Deschenes, J., Hunor Detre, I., Diaz, R., Dicken, D., Difelice, A., Dillman, M., Dixon, W., Doggett, J., Donaldson, T., Douglas, R., Duprie, K., Dupuis, J., Durning, J., Easmin, N., Eck, W., Edeani, C., Egami, E., Ehrenwinkler, R., Eisenhamer, J., Eisenhower, M., Elie, M., Elliott, J., Elliott, K., Ellis, T., Engesser, M., Espinoza, N., Etienne, O., Etxaluze, M., Falini, P., Feeney, M., Ferry, M., Filippazzo, J., Fincham, B., Fix, M., Flagey, N., Florian, M., Flynn, J., Fontanella, E., Ford, T., Forshay, P., Fox, O., Franz, D., Fu, H., Fullerton, A., Galkin, S., Galyer, A., Garcia Marin, M., Gardner, J. P., Gardner, L., Garland, D., Garrett, B., Gasman, D., Gaspar, A., Gaudreau, D., Gauthier, P., Geers, V., Geithner, P., Gennaro, M., Giardino, G., Girard, J., Giuliano, M., Glassmire, K., Glauser, A., Glazer, S., Godfrey, J., Golimowski, D., Gollnitz, D., Gong, F., Gonzaga, S., Gordon, M., Gordon, K., Goudfrooij, P., Greene, T., Greenhouse, M., Grimaldi, S., Groebner, A., Grundy, T., Guillard, P., Gutman, I., Ha, K. Q., Haderlein, P., Hagedorn, A., Hainline, K., Haley, C., Hami, M., Hamilton, F., Hammel, H., Hansen, C., Harkins, T., Harr, M., Hart, J., Hart, Q., Hartig, G., Hashimoto, R., Haskins, S., Hathaway, W., Havey, K., Hayden, B., Hecht, K., Heller-Boyer, C., Henriques, C., Henry, A., Hermann, K., Hernandez, S., Hesman, B., Hicks, B., Hilbert, B., Hines, D., Hoffman, M., Holfeltz, S., Holler, B. J., Hoppa, J., Hott, K., Howard, J. M., Howard, R., Hunter, A., Hunter, D., Hurst, B., Husemann, B., Hustak, L., Ilinca Ignat, L., Illingworth, G., Irish, S., Jackson, W., Jahromi, A., Jakobsen, P., James, L., James, B., Januszewski, W., Jenkins, A., Jirdeh, H., Johnson, P., Johnson, T., Jones, V., Jones, R., Jones, D., Jones, O., Jordan, I., Jordan, M., Jurczyk, S., Jurling, A., Kaleida, C., Kalmanson, P., Kammerer, J., Kang, H., Kao, S. -H., Karakla, D., Kavanagh, P., Kelly, D., Kendrew, S., Kennedy, H., Kenny, D., Keski-Kuha, R., Keyes, C., Kidwell, R., Kinzel, W., Kirk, J., Kirkpatrick, M., Kirshenblat, D., Klaassen, P., Knapp, B., Scott Knight, J., Knollenberg, P., Koehler, R., Koekemoer, A., Kovacs, A., Kulp, T., Kumari, N., Kyprianou, M., La Massa, S., Labador, A., Labiano, A., Lagage, P. -O., Lajoie, C. -P., Lam, M., Lamb, T., Lambros, S., Lampenfield, R., Langston, J., Larson, K., Law, D., Lawrence, J., Lee, D., Leisenring, J., Lepo, K., Leveille, M., Levenson, N., Levine, M., Levy, Z., Lewis, D., Lewis, H., Libralato, M., Lightsey, P., Link, M., Liu, L., Lo, A., Lockwood, A., Logue, R., Long, C., Long, D., Loomis, C., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lorenzo Alvarez, J., Love-Pruitt, J., Lucy, A., Luetzgendorf, N., Maghami, P., Maiolino, R., Major, M., Malla, S., Malumuth, E., Manjavacas, E., Mannfolk, C., Marrione, A., Marston, A., Martel, A., Maschmann, M., Masci, G., Masciarelli, M., Maszkiewicz, M., Mather, J., Mckenzie, K., Mclean, B., Mcmaster, M., Melbourne, K., Melendez, M., Menzel, M., Merz, K., Meyett, M., Meza, L., Miskey, C., Misselt, K., Moller, C., Morrison, J., Morse, E., Moseley, H., Mosier, G., Mountain, M., Mueckay, J., Mueller, M., Mullally, S., Murphy, J., Murray, K., Murray, C., Mustelier, D., Muzerolle, J., Mycroft, M., Myers, R., Myrick, K., Nanavati, S., Nance, E., Nayak, O., Naylor, B., Nelan, E., Nickson, B., Nielson, A., Nieto-Santisteban, M., Nikolov, N., Noriega-Crespo, A., O'Shaughnessy, B., O'Sullivan, B., Ochs, W., Ogle, P., Oleszczuk, B., Olmsted, J., Osborne, S., Ottens, R., Owens, B., Pacifici, C., Pagan, A., Page, J., Park, S., Parrish, K., Patapis, P., Paul, L., Pauly, T., Pavlovsky, C., Pedder, A., Peek, M., Pena-Guerrero, M., Penanen, K., Perez, Y., Perna, M., Perriello, B., Phillips, K., Pietraszkiewicz, M., Pinaud, J. -P., Pirzkal, N., Pitman, J., Piwowar, A., Platais, V., Player, D., Plesha, R., Pollizi, J., Polster, E., Pontoppidan, K., Porterfield, B., Proffitt, C., Pueyo, L., Pulliam, C., Quirt, B., Quispe Neira, I., Ramos Alarcon, R., Ramsay, L., Rapp, G., Rapp, R., Rauscher, B., Ravindranath, S., Rawle, T., Regan, M., Reichard, T. 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Subjects
Science & Technology, Observatories, Infrared astronomy, Astronomical instrumentation, INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH NIRSPEC, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies., Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb293

Published
2022
Full Text
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30. Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE)

Author

Nazanin Alipourfard, Beatrix Arendt, Daniel M. Benjamin, Noam Benkler, Michael Metcalf Bishop, Mark Burstein, Martin Bush, James Caverlee, Yiling Chen, Chae Clark, Anna Dreber, Timothy M. Errington, Fiona Fidler, Nicholas William Fox, Aaron Frank, Hannah Fraser, Scott Friedman, Ben Gelman, James Gentile, C Lee Giles, Michael B Gordon, Reed Gordon-Sarney, Christopher Griffin, Timothy Gulden, Krystal Hahn, Robert Hartman, Felix Holzmeister, Xia Ben Hu, Magnus Johannesson, Lee Kezar, Melissa Kline Struhl, Ugur Kuter, Anthony M. Kwasnica, Dong-Ho Lee, Kristina Lerman, Yang Liu, Zachary Loomas, Brianna Luis, Ian Magnusson, Olivia Miske, Fallon Mody, Fred Morstatter, Brian A. Nosek, Elan Simon Parsons, David Pennock, Thomas Pfeiffer, Jay Pujara, Sarah Rajtmajer, Xiang Ren, Abel Salinas, Ravi Kiran Selvam, Frank Shipman, Priya Silverstein, Amber Sprenger, Anna Ms Squicciarini, Steve Stratman, Kexuan Sun, Saatvik Tikoo, Charles Richard Twardy, Andrew Tyner, Domenico Viganola, Juntao Wang, David Peter Wilkinson, Bonnie Wintle, and Jian Wu

Subjects
SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Organization Development, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Economics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Leadership Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Political Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Organization Development, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Legal Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Leadership Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Legal Studies
Abstract

Assessing the credibility of research claims is a central, continuous, and laborious part of the scientific process. Credibility assessment strategies range from expert judgment to aggregating existing evidence to systematic replication efforts. Such assessments can require substantial time and effort. Research progress could be accelerated if there were rapid, scalable, accurate credibility indicators to guide attention and resource allocation for further assessment. The SCORE program is creating and validating algorithms to provide confidence scores for research claims at scale. To investigate the viability of scalable tools, teams are creating: a database of claims from papers in the social and behavioral sciences; expert and machine generated estimates of credibility; and, evidence of reproducibility, robustness, and replicability to validate the estimates. Beyond the primary research objective, the data and artifacts generated from this program will be openly shared and provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine research credibility and evidence.

Published
2021

36. Fully automated prediction of liver fibrosis using deep learning analysis of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI

Author

Stefanie J, Hectors, Paul, Kennedy, Kuang-Han, Huang, Daniel, Stocker, Guillermo, Carbonell, Hayit, Greenspan, Scott, Friedman, and Bachir, Taouli

Subjects
Gadolinium DTPA, Liver Cirrhosis, Deep Learning, Liver, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Humans, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

To (1) develop a fully automated deep learning (DL) algorithm based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MRI and (2) compare the diagnostic performance of DL vs. MR elastography (MRE) for noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis.This single-center retrospective study included 355 patients (M/F 238/117, mean age 60 years; training, n = 178; validation, n = 123; test, n = 54) who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced abdominal MRI, including HBP and MRE, and pathological evaluation of the liver within 1 year of MRI. Cropped liver HBP images from a custom-written fully automated liver segmentation were used as input for DL. A transfer learning approach based on the ImageNet VGG16 model was used. Different DL models were built for the prediction of fibrosis stages F1-4, F2-4, F3-4, and F4. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of DL in training, validation, and test sets and of MRE liver stiffness in the test set.AUC values of DL were 0.99/0.70/0.77 (F1-4), 0.92/0.71/0.91 (F2-4), 0.91/0.78/0.90 (F3-4), and 0.98/0.83/0.85 (F4) for training/validation/test sets, respectively. The AUCs of MRE liver stiffness in the test set were 0.86 (F1-4), 0.87 (F2-4), 0.92 (F3-4), and 0.86 (F4). AUCs of MRE and DL were not significantly different for any of the fibrosis stages (p0.134).The fully automated DL models based on HBP gadoxetic acid MRI showed good-to-excellent diagnostic performance for staging of liver fibrosis, with similar diagnostic performance to MRE. After validation in independent sets, the DL algorithm may allow for noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment without the need for additional MRI hardware.• The developed deep learning algorithm, based on routine standard-of-care gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI data, showed good-to-excellent diagnostic performance for noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. • The diagnostic performance of the deep learning algorithm was equivalent to that of MR elastography in a separate test set.

Published
2020

37. Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentrations after Intravitreous Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema

Author

Lee M. Jampol, Adam R. Glassman, Danni Liu, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Neil M. Bressler, Elia J. Duh, Susan Quaggin, John A. Wells, Charles C. Wykoff, David Browning, Andrew N. Antoszyk, Angela K. Price, Sherry L. Fredenberg, Jenna T. Herby, Christina J. Fleming, Ashley A. McClain, Sarah A. Ennis, Kelly R. Gallagher, Angella S. Karow, Autumn C. Grupp, Danielle Puskas, Lynn Watson, Swann J. Bojaj, Uma M. Balasubramaniam, Donna McClain, Donna R. Styles, Jeff A. Kuopus, Kathryn Kimrey, Loraine M. Clark, Lisa A. Jackson, Michael D. McOwen, Matt Dunlap, Susannah J. Held, Dante J. Pieramici, Ma'an A. Nasir, Alessandro A. Castellarin, Dilsher Dhoot, Sarah Fishbein, Jack Giust, Lisha Wan, Michelle S. Hanna, Melvin D. Rabena, Jerry Smith, Layne J. Bone, Kelly Avery, Matthew Giust, Aimee Walker, Aimee H. Shook, Sara Esau, Nitce L. Ruvalcaba, W. Lloyd Clark, David L. Johnson, John F. Payne, Tiffany R. Swinford, Mallie M. Taylor, Cassandra L. Garrison, Peggy D. Miller, Amber R. Houlahan, Charlotte A. O'Neill, Ashley Floyd, Crystal C. Parker, Courtney Sease, Tara Graham, Robin Spencer, Tiffany N. Ogbuewu, Ashley Studebaker, Tyler Huggins, Robbin Spivey, Brian Jones, Ashley Williams, Ron Petty, Erin L. Poston, G. Michael Ward, Carl W. Baker, Ron H. Tilford, Tracey M. Caldwell, Lynnette F. Lambert, Mary J. Palmer, Tracey R. Martin, Tana R. Williams, Samantha Kettler, Alecia B. Camp, Paolo S. Silva, Paul G. Arrigg, George S. Sharuk, Sabera T. Shah, Jennifer K. Sun, Corey Westerfeld, Christopher Michael Andreoli, Deborah Schlossman, Timothy Murtha, Hanna Kwak, Flor M. Flores, Margaret E. Stockman, Troy Kieser, Michael N. Krigman, Leila Bestourous, Elizabeth S. Weimann, Jerry D. Cavallerano, Kristen M. Hock, Mary Ann Robertson, Rita K. Kirby, Steve L. Papaconstantinou, Kylie M. Madigan, Robert W. Cavicchi, Kate A. Palitsch, Taygan Yilmaz, Brian B. Berger, Chirag D. Jhaveri, Tori Moore, Ginger J. Manhart, Rachel A. Walsh, Ivana Gunderson, Dietrich Riepen, Chelsey A. Bravenec, Ryan M. Reid, Yong Ren, Ben Ostrander, Christopher C. Stovall, Michael J. Elman, Robert A. Liss, Henry A. Leder, JoAnn Starr, Jennifer L. Belz, Charlene K. Putzulo, Dallas R. Sandler, Jennifer L. Simmons, Pamela V. Singletary, Ashley Davis, Perel M. Simpson, Teresa Coffey, Daniel J. Ketner, Terri Cain, Ashley M. Metzger, Peter Sotirakos, Dennis M. Marcus, Harinderjit Singh, Courtney N. Roberts, Geri L. Floyd, Siobhan O. Ortiz, Virginia Mims, L. Allison Foster, Christy Coursey, Jared C. Gardner, Ken Ivey, John Stewart O'Keefe, Juan A. Astruc, Bryan J. Schwent, Ali R. Tabassian, Suzette A. Rosen, David C. Vaughan, Jeffrey Michaels, Natalie J. Arndt, John J. Maziarz, Scott M. Friedman, Nader Moinfar, Kimberly A. Williamson, Damanda F. Fagan, Katrina L. Dawson, Paige N. Walters, Allen McKinney, Steve Carlton, Robert C. Kwun, Victoria L. Knudsen, Kirk E. Winward, Mano Swartz, James G. Howard, Michelle Riley, Gena Taylor, Michelle Holt, Jason G. Winward, Adam Walsh, Teresa Taylor, Daniel Walsh, G. Robert Hampton, Jamin S. Brown, Rajeev K. Seth, Laurie J. Sienkiewycz, Deborah A. Appleton, Cindy J. Grinnell, Charity A. Cowley, Lynn M. Kwasniewski, Michelle L. Manley, Nicole E. Robarge, Stefanie R. DeSantis, Peter B. Hay, Teresa M. DeForge, Tien P. Wong, Eric Chen, David M. Brown, Rosa Y. Kim, James C. Major, Amy C. Schefler, Richard H. Fish, Matthew S. Benz, Meredith Lipman, Amy Hutson, Nubia Landaverde, Ashley E. Chancey, Cassie Cone, Tressa Royse, Veronica A. Sneed, Belinda A. Almanza, Brenda Dives, Beau A. Richter, Eric N. Kegley, Andreas K. Lauer, Christina J. Flaxel, Steven T. Bailey, Mitchell Schain, Ann D. Lundquist, Shelley A. Hanel, Shirley D. Ira, Susan K. Nolte, Peter N. Steinkamp, Dawn M. Ryan, Scott R. Pickell, Jocelyn T. Hui, Michelle Brix, Jordan Barth, Chris S. Howell, Gregory M. Fox, Blake A. Cooper, Ivan R. Batlle, Lexie R. Manning, Karla A. Batlle, Holly Wyrick, Katherine Pippin, Samantha Perkins, Frank T. Yeager, Ryan B. Rush, Glenn R. Gardner, Christi Rush, Johnathan R. Hawkins, Brenda Dumas, Ben Ysasaga, Chirag P. Shah, Michael G. Morley, Torsten W. Wiegand, Tina S. Cleary, Trexler M. Topping, Lindsey Colegrove, Katharine Bechtel, Britta Johnson, Lisa Lebedew, Natacha Lorius, Sandy G. Chong, Jennifer L. Stone, Michael Cullen Jones, Dennis Donovan, Sherry Malone, Margie Graham, Audrey Santos, Steve A. Bennett, Kevin J. Blinder, Bradley T. Smith, Ginny S. Nobel, Rhonda F. Weeks, Erika A. Hoehn, Maria A. Stuart, Kelly E. Pepple, Lynda K. Boyd, Brook G. Pulliam, Steve A. Schremp, Stephanie L. Guevara, Jarrod Wehmeier, Timothy L. Wright, Dana L. Gabel, David G. Miller, Jerome P. Schartman, Lawrence J. Singerman, Joseph M. Coney, Michael A. Novak, Llewelyn J. Rao, Susan C. Rath, Elizabeth McNamara, Larraine Stone, Veronica A. Smith, Cecelia Rykena, Kimberly A. DuBois, Mary A. Ilc, Vivian Tanner, Kim Drury, Trina M. Nitzsche, Gregg A. Greanoff, John C. DuBois, Stuart K. Burgess, Tirso M. Lara, Noel H. Pereda, Cindy V. Fernandez, Deborah Davis, Evelyn Quinchia, Karen Workman, Jared S. Nielsen, Jeong-Hyeon Sohn, Kyle J. Alliman, David D. Saggau, Marianne Parker, Bethany George, Carrie L. Eastvold, Kristin Sells, Tami Jo Woehl, Marilyn A. Johnson, Holly Keenan, Jennifer L. Coleman, Jamie Spillman, Shannon Freeman, Leigh S. Schmidt, Lisa M. Boender, Jill L. Partin, Bailey R. Bennett, Jay Rostvold, Cameron McLure Stone, Lea R. Raymer, Andrea K. Menzel, Leslie D. Rickman, Barbara Campbell, Lorraine P. Sherlin, Lisa H. Hawkins, Melissa L. Buckner, Olesya N. Matsipura, Paula A. Price, A. Thomas Ghuman, Paul A. Raskauskas, Ashish G. Sharma, Glenn Wing, Joseph P. Walker, Eileen Knips, Cheryl Kiesel, Crystal Y. Peters, Cheryl Ryan, Laura Greenhoe, Natalie N. Torres, Rebecca J. Youngblood, Danielle Turnbo, Anita H. Leslie, Etienne C. Schoeman, Raymond K. Kiesel, Ronald M. Kingsley, Vinay A. Shah, Robert E. Leonard, Heather R. Miller, Sonny Icks, Vanessa A. Bergman, Vanessa K. Drummond, Brittany L. Ross, Reshial D. Ellis, Tina R. Whittington, Shannon R. Almeida, Amanda M. Butt, Russ Burris, Mark A. Peters, Michael S. Lee, Paul S. Tlucek, Colin Ma, Stephen Hobbs, Amanda C. Milliron, Stephanie L. Ho, Marcia Kopfer, Joe Logan, Christine Hoerner, Joseph A. Khawly, Hassan T. Rahman, Diana Abdelgani, Pam S. Miller, Debbie Fredrickson, Erica Pineda, Desiree Lopez, Donald K. Lowd, Colin Blank, Lorena R. Martinez, Jason E. Muniz, Justin Gottlieb, Michael S. Ip, Barbara A. Blodi, Kristine A. Dietzman, Kathryn F. Burke, Christopher M. Smith, Shelly R. Olson, Angela M. Wealti, Sandie L. Reed, Denise A. Krolnik, John C. Peterson, Victor Hugo Gonzalez, Roberto Diaz-Rohena, Juan G. Santiago, Rohit Adyanthaya, Nehal R. Patel, Deyla Anaya, Dina Garcia, Edna E. Cruz, Crystal A. Alvarez, Ruth Iracheta, Jessica Rodriguez, Monica R. Cantu, Rebecca R. Flores, Hector Jasso, Rachel Rodriguez, Karina Miranda, Krystle R. Lozano, Maricela Garza, Lazaro Aguero, Amanda L. Sandoval, Monique Montemayor, Samuel Alonso, Santos Garza, David Allen DiLoreto, Rajeev S. Ramchandran, David M. Kleinman, George W. O'Gara, Andrea M. Czubinski, Peter MacDowell, Kari M. Steinmetz, Dan A. Castillo, Yvonne F. Yu, Salina M. Tongue, Melissa S. Keim, Rachel Hollar, Brandi N. Deats, Brittany S. Richardson, Lynn Singer, Taylor A. Pannell, Stewart A. Daniels, Tushar M. Ranchod, Craig J. Leong, Stacey Touson, Shannon R. Earl, Melissa C. Bartlett, Christine Fernando, Djorella Factor, Jessica Garcia, Anna K. Nguyen, Betty Hom, Cathy Walker, Grace M. Marudo, Jose Carlos Suazo, Leah M. McNeil, Fred Hanamoto, Matthew D. Hughes, Robin D. Ross, Susan M. Sanford, Nicole Martini Markiewicz, Tracy M. Utley, Shannon Henderson, Joanie H. Lippincott, Patricia Streasick, Louis C. Glazer, Frank W. Garber, Jeffrey D. Zheutlin, Angela D. Listerman, Christine E. Feehan, Heather L. Cruz, Donald E. Kuitula, Olivia P. Rainey, Sue Weatherbee, Joseph M. Googe, R. Keith Shuler, Nicholas G. Anderson, Stephen L. Perkins, Kristina Oliver, Nicole Grindall, Ann Arnold, Jennifer Beerbower, Cecile Hunt, Kathy L. Schulz, Sarah M. Oelrich, Jerry K. Whetstone, Justin Walsh, Chris Morris, Robert W. Wong, Peter A. Nixon, Jeni L. Leon, Chris A. Montesclaros, Carrie E. Leung, Phill Le, Codey L. Harborth, Margaret A. Rodriguez, Cory Mangham, Thomas M. Aaberg, Scott J. Westhouse, Holly L. Vincent, Rebecca Malone, Kathy L. Karsten, Raj K. Maturi, Ashley M. Harless, Carolee K. Novak, Laura A. Bleau, Thomas Steele, Charlotte Harris, Alisha Bildner, Abby Maple, Thomas W. Stone, Rick D. Isernhagen, John W. Kitchens, Diana M. Holcomb, Jeanne Van Arsdall, Michelle Buck, Edward A. Slade, Mark T. Chiu, Ashok K. Reddy, Frank W. Wyant, Mary M. Montano-Niles, Lorraine J. Carter, Shirley Maerki, Laura Tartaglia, Paul P. Gomez, Stephen A. Maestas, Camille Shanta, Lisbrenda M. Jimenez, Robert A. Stoltz, Stephanie L. Vanderveldt, Scott I. Lampert, Leslie G. Marcus, Shelly Fulbright, James P. Martin, Roger L. Novack, David S. Liao, Tammy Eileen Lo, Janet Kurokouchi, Richard Ngo, Connie V. Hoang, Julio Sierra, Adam Zamboni, Eric G. Protacio, Jeff Kessinger, Seema Garg, Odette M. Houghton, Jan Niklas Ulrich, Sai H. Chavala, Elizabeth L. DuBose, Cassandra J. Barnhart, Megha Karmalkar, Pooja D. Jani, Justin Goble, Debra Cantrell, Rona Lyn Esquejo, Sandeep N. Shah, Natasha Harmon, Mandeep S. Dhalla, Mario R. del Cid, Lawrence S. Halperin, Jaclyn A. Brady, Monica Hamlin, Monica L. Lopez, Jamie Mariano, Candace M. Neale, Rita R. Veksler, Angelica Mannarelli, Robert E. Coffee, Petros Euthymiou Carvounis, Pejman Hemati, Cindy J. Dorenbach, Annika S. Joshi, April Leger, Dana B. Barnett, Joseph F. Morales, Sam E. Mansour, Cathy Choyce, Aissa L. Dirawatun, Emma A. Nagy, Jamie C. Kerkstra, Joseph T. Fan, Mukesh Bhogilal Suthar, Michael E. Rauser, Gisela Santiago, Liel Marvyn Cerdenio, Brandi J. Perez, Kara E. Halsey, William H. Kiernan, Jesse Knabb, Rachel Catren, Michel Shami, Brenda K. Arrington, Keri S. Neuling, Ashaki Meeks, Natalie R. Garcia, Kayla Blair, Ginger K. Rhymes, Janet Medrano, Judy E. Kim, David V. Weinberg, Kimberly E. Stepien, Thomas B. Connor, Vesper V. Williams, Tracy L. Kaczanowski, Krissa L. Packard, Judy Flanders, Vicki Barwick, Pat A. Winter, Joseph R. Beringer, Kathy J. Selchert, John T. Lehr, Elaine Rodriguez-Roman, Teri Jones, Martha Eileen Haddox, Mark Pena, Brenda Hernandez, Clement K. Chan, Maziar Lalezary, Steven G. Lin, Kimberly S. Walther, Tiana Gonzales, Lenise E. Myers, Kenneth M. Huff, Richard Chace, Sunny Kallay, Kirsten Stevens, Nicole Dolbec, Ronda Baker-Hill, Janea Surette, Steven J. Rose, Brian P. Connolly, Ernest G. Guillet, Edward F. Hall, Margaret M. Yagoda, Mary Jo Doran, Mindy Burgess, Ann Reynard, Margaret Powers, Joe Territo, Calvin E. Mein, Moises A. Chica, R. Gary Lane, Sarah Elizabeth Holy, Lita Kirschbaum, Vanessa D. Martinez, Jaynee Baker, Christa G. Kincaid, Elaine Castillo, Christopher Sean Wienecke, Sara L. Schlichting, Brenda Nakoski, Kenneth R. Diddie, Deborah M. Cadwell, Louise Van Arsdale, Taryn F. Boisvert, Joyce Galonsky, Susie O'Hayer, Melissa L. Johnson, Frank J. McCabe, Brad J. Baker, Melvyn H. Defrin, Marie V. Lampson, Heather Pratte, Selena A. Baron, Aundrea S. Borelli, Frederick H. Davidorf, Michael B. Wells, Susie Chang, John Byron Christoforidis, Alan D. Letson, Jill A. Salerno, Jerilyn G. Perry, Stephen E. Shelley, Patrick J. Fish, Michael H. Scott, James A. Dixon, Shannon R. Walsh, Philomina M. Ozpirincci, Brenda L. Tebon, Marcia J. Moyle, Michael R. Pavlica, Noelle S. Matta, Cristina M. Brubaker, Alyson B. Backer, Neelakshi Bhagat, Catherine Fay, Tatiana Mikheyeva, Michael Lazar, Janie D. Ellenberger, Beth Malpica, Alexander J. Brucker, Benjamin J. Kim, Brian L. VanderBeek, Sheri Drossner, Joan C. DuPont, Rebecca Salvo, Stephanie B. Engelhard, Jim M. Berger, Sara Morales, Beth Serpentine, Paul L. Kaufman, Jessica D. McCluskey, Kathy T. Wynne, Julian Jordan, Brandun Watson, Robert S. Wirthlin, Eric S. Guglielmo, Eileen A. Dittman, Dylan C. Waidelich, Cristofer J. Garza, Adeline M. Stone, Ashley Nicole Oakes, Ivan J. Suner, Mark E. Hammer, Marc C. Peden, Janet R. Traynom, Rochelle DenBoer, Heidi Vargo, Susan Ramsey, Anita Kim Malzahn, Debra Jeffres, Nauman A. Chaudhry, Sumit P. Shah, Gregory M. Haffner, Emiliya German, Shannan Moreau, Laura A. Fox, Jennifer M. Matteson, JoAnna L. Pelletier, Alison Fontecchio, Emily Morse, Greg McNamara, Marie Grace Laglivia, Marissa L. Scherf, Angela LaPre, Justin A. Cocilo, Arup Das, Linda Friesen, Michele Franco, Johnny Lucero, Melissa Frazier, Robert Laviolette, Umar Khalil Mian, Rebecca L. Riemer, Evelyn Koestenblatt, Louise V. Wolf, Christine Kim, Irina Katkovskaya, Erica Otoo, Kevin A. Ellerbe, Kenneth Boyd, Caroline Costa, Paul Andrew Edwards, Hua Gao, Thomas Hessburg, Uday Desai, Janet Murphy, Mary K. Monk, Julianne Hall, Melina Mazurek, Katie M. Ventimiglia, Brian A. Rusinek, Bradley A. Stern, Kris Brouhard, Katie M. Weier, Megan Allis, Jenny Shaken, Nicole M. Massu, Tracy A. Troszak, David Burley, Abdhish R. Bhavsar, Geoffrey G. Emerson, Jacob M. Jones, Tracy A. Anderson, Andrea Gilchrist, Matt D. Peloquin, Gaid Gaid, Yang Vang, Samantha Ryan, Denise Vang, Alanna C. Evans, Tonja Scherer, Howard S. Lazarus, Debra Paige Bunch, Liana C. Davis, Kelly Booth, Margaret Trimble, Mary A. Bledsaw, Jay Moore, Daniel F. Rosberger, Sandra Groeschel, Miriam A. Madry, Nikoletta DiGirolamo, Dustin Pressley, Robert Santora, Yenelda M. Gomez, Karl R. Olsen, Robert L. Bergren, P. William Conrad, Pamela P. Rath, Avni Patel Vyas, Judy C. Liu, Lori A. Merlotti, Jennifer L. Chamberlin, Holly M. Mechling, Mary E. Kelly, Kellianne Marfisi, Kimberly A. Yeckel, Veronica L. Bennett, Christina M. Schultz, Grace A. Rigoni, Julie Walter, Missy A. Forish, Amanda Fec, Courtney L. Foreman, David Steinberg, Keith D. McBroom, Melvin C. Chen, Marc H. Levy, Waldemar Torres, Peggy Jelemensky, Tara L. Raphael, Joann Rich, Mark Sneath, James L. Kinyoun, Gurunadh Atmaram Vemulakonda, Susan A. Rath, Patricia K. Ernst, Juli A. Pettingill, Ronald C. Jones, Brad C. Clifton, James D. Leslie, Sharon D. Solomon, Lisa K. Levin, Deborah Donohue, Mary Frey, Lorena Larez, Keisha Murray, Rita L. Denbow, Janis Graul, David Emmert, Charles Herring, Nick Rhoton, Joe Belz, Alice T. Lyon, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Amanda M. Krug, Carmen Ramirez, Lori Kaminski, Anna Liza M. Castro-Malek, Amber N. Mills, Zuzanna Rozenbajgier, Marriner L. Skelly, Evica Simjanoski, Andrea R. Degillio, Jennifer I. Lim, Felix Y. Chau, Marcia Niec, Tametha Johnson, Yesenia Ovando, Mark Janowicz, Catherine Carroll, Jeffrey G. Gross, Barron C. Fishburne, Amy M. Flowers, Riley Stroman, Christen Ochieng, Angelique S.A. McDowell, Ally M. Paul, Randall L. Price, John H. Drouilhet, Erica N. Lacaden, Deborah J. Nobler, Howard L. Cummings, Deanna Jo Long, Ben McCord, Jason Robinson, Jamie Swift, Julie P. Maynard, Patricia J. Pahk, Hannah Palmer-Dwore, Dipali H. Dave, Mariebelle Pacheco, Barbara A. Galati, Eneil Simpson, Andrew J. Barkmeier, Diane L. Vogen, Karin A. Berg, Shannon L. Howard, Jean M. Burrington, Jessica Ann Morgan, Joan T. Overend, Shannon Goddard, Denise M. Lewison, Jaime L. Tesmer, Craig Michael Greven, Joan Fish, Cara Everhart, Mark D. Clark, David T. Miller, George Baker Hubbard, Jiong Yan, Blaine E. Cribbs, Linda T. Curtis, Judy L. Brower, Jannah L. Dobbs, Debora J. Jordan, Baseer U. Ahmad, Suber S. Huang, Hillary M. Sedlacek, Cherie L. Hornsby, Lisa P. Ferguson, Kathy Carlton, Kelly A. Sholtis, Peggy Allchin, Claudia Clow, Mark A. Harrod, Geoffrey Pankhurst, Irit Baum-Rawraway, Stacie A. Hrvatin, Ronald C. Gentile, Alex Yang, Wanda Carrasquillo-Boyd, Robert Masini, Chander N. Samy, Robert J. Kraut, Kathy Shirley, Linsey Corso, Karen Ely, Elizabeth Scala, Stewart Gross, Vanessa Alava, Eyal Margalit, Donna G. Neely, Maria Blaiotta, Lori Hagensen, April E. Harris, Rita L. Lennon, Denice R. Cota, Larry Wilson, Lloyd P. Aiello, Roy W. Beck, Susan B. Bressler, Kakarla V. Chalam, Ronald P. Danis, Bambi J. Arnold-Bush, Frederick Ferris, Talat Almukhtar, Brian B. Dale, Alyssa Baptista, Crystal Connor, Jasmine Conner, Sharon R. Constantine, Kimberly Dowling, Simone S. Dupre, Allison R. Ayala, Meagan L. Huggins, Seidu Inusah, Paula A. Johnson, Brenda L. Loggins, Shannon L. McClellan, Michele Melia, Eureca Battle, Cynthia R. Stockdale, Danielle Stanley, Glenn Jaffe, Brannon Balsley, Michael Barbas, Russell Burns, Dee Busian, Ryan Ebersohl, Cynthia Heydary, Sasha McEwan, Justin Myers, Amanda Robertson, Kelly Shields, Garrett Thompson, Katrina Winter, Ellen Young, Matthew D. Davis, Yijun Huang, Barbara Blodi, Amitha Domalpally, James Reimers, Pamela Vargo, Hugh Wabers, Dawn Myers, Daniel Lawrence, James Allan, Andrew Antoszyk, Scott Friedman, Ingrid U. Scott, Eleanor Schron, Donald F. Everett, Päivi H. Miskala, John Connett, Gary Abrams, Deborah R. Barnbaum, Harry Flynn, Ruth S. Weinstock, Charles P. Wilkinson, Stephen Wisniewski, Saul Genuth, Robert Frank, Frederick L. Ferris, Glenn J. Jaffe, Abdhish Bhavsar, Joseph Googe, Andreas Lauer, and Ashley McClain

Subjects
Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Bevacizumab, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Visual Acuity, 030232 urology & nephrology, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Gastroenterology, Macular Edema, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Ranibizumab, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Stroke, Aflibercept, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Ophthalmology, Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Intravitreal Injections, Retreatment, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

PURPOSE: Assess systemic vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) levels after treatment with intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab. DESIGN: Comparative-effectiveness trial with participants randomly assigned to 2-mg aflibercept, 1.25-mg bevacizumab, or 0.3-mg ranibizumab following a retreatment algorithm. PARTICIPANTS: Participants with available plasma samples (N=436) METHODS: Plasma samples were collected before injections at baseline, 4-week, 52-week and 104-week visits. In a pre-planned secondary analysis, systemic free-VEGF levels from an ELISA immunoassay were compared across anti-VEGF agents and correlated with systemic side effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the natural log (ln) of plasma VEGF levels. RESULTS: Baseline free-VEGF levels were similar across all 3 groups. At 4 weeks, mean ln(VEGF) changes were −0.30±0.61, −0.31±0.54, −0.02±0.44 pg/ml for the aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab groups, respectively. The adjusted differences between treatment groups (adjusted CI; P-value) were −0.01 (−0.12, +0.10; P=0.89), −0.31 (−0.44, −0.18; P

Published
2018
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38. Safety-Net Academic Hospital Experience in Following Up Noncritical Yet Potentially Significant Radiologist Recommendations

Author

Alexander Norbash, Deborah Gregson, Madison Close, Nadja Kadom, Alexandra Solomon, Bradley S. Rostad, James M. Moses, Scott Friedman, and Gemma Doherty

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Safety net, Clinical correlation, Hospital experience, Medical Records, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Referral and Consultation, Retrospective Studies, Retrospective review, Potential risk, business.industry, Communication, Medical record, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiology, business, Safety-net Providers
Abstract

In this retrospective study, we identified the types of noncritical recommendations radiologists issued over a 15-day period, the percentage of noncritical radiology recommendations that were not acted on or acknowledged in the medical records, potential causes for recommendations not being acted on, and the potential risk of harm to patients.We conducted a retrospective review of radiology reports and patient records from January 1, 2014, to January 15, 2014, at a large tertiary academic center and regional safety-net hospital.A total of 6851 reports were reviewed; 857 (13%) contained at least one noncritical recommendation, with 978 total recommendations. The two most common recommendations were additional imaging (63%, n = 615) and clinical correlation (23%, n = 229). The majority of radiology recommendations were followed (67%, n = 655), but 323 cases (33%) contained no evidence that recommendations were followed. Of those that were not followed, 39% (n = 126) had no documentation in the medical records of the recommendation being acknowledged. Of those, 32% (n = 40) had important findings, half of which (n = 20) could have benefited from a verbal communication (18 mass lesions, two instances of fetal death).Radiologists' recommendations contained in written reports of noncritical findings may not be consistently followed or acknowledged in the medical records. Our study shows that a few report recommendations that were not consistently followed or acknowledged contained findings that referred to potentially harmful conditions. The results triggered an investment in systems improvement at the studied institution.

Published
2017
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41. Natural Language Dialogue for Building and Learning Models and Structures

Author

Ian Perera, James Allen, Lucian Galescu, Choh Man Teng, Mark Burstein, Scott Friedman, David McDonald, and Jeffrey Rye

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

We demonstrate an integrated system for building and learning models and structures in both a real and virtual environment. The system combines natural language understanding, planning, and methods for composition of basic concepts into more complicated concepts. The user and the system interact via natural language to jointly plan and execute tasks involving building structures, with clarifications and demonstrations to teach the system along the way. We use the same architecture for building and simulating models of biology, demonstrating the general-purpose nature of the system where domain-specific knowledge is concentrated in sub-modules with the basic interaction remaining domain-independent. These capabilities are supported by our work on semantic parsing, which generates knowledge structures to be grounded in a physical representation, and composed with existing knowledge to create a dynamic plan for completing goals. Prior work on learning from natural language demonstrations enables learning of models from very few demonstrations, and features are extracted from definitions in natural language. We believe this architecture for interaction opens up a wide possibility of human-computer interaction and knowledge transfer through natural language.

Published
2017
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42. Application of a Risk-Based Probabilistic Model (CCSvt Model) to Value Potential Risks Arising from Carbon Capture and Storage

Author

Chiara Trabucchi, Scott Friedman, Michael Donlan, Vadim Spirt, and Richard Esposito

Subjects
Risk, Engineering, Operations research, media_common.quotation_subject, Carbon Capture and Storage, Business interruption insurance, SECARB, Electric utility, CCSvt Model, Energy(all), Liability, Function (engineering), Monte Carlo, Risk management, media_common, Financial Responsibility, business.industry, Natural Resource Damage Assessment, Carbon capture and storage (timeline), Plant Barry, Risk analysis (engineering), Software deployment, Proof of concept, Financial Valuation, business
Abstract

Over the past decade, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has moved from the planning phase to experimental phase (e.g., Alabama Gulf Coast-Plant Barry and Illinois Basin-Decatur), but has yet to be implemented at a commercial scale from an Electric Utility Generating Unit (EGU). Barriers to commercial-scale deployment of CCS include concerns regarding potential risks and financial liability related to human health, safety, the environment, and business interruption. Although the probability of a release may be small, prudent risk management requires estimates of the funds required to remediate or compensate for harm, should a release occur. The analytic tools exist to estimate dollar values of potential risks. Such estimates are a function of location, plant design (fuel source, technology), and must be estimated on a site-specific basis. This paper applies a stochastic Monte Carlo model (“CCSvt Model”) that estimates financial consequences arising from potential human health, safety, environmental and business interruption risks (events) associated with CCS, in light of their anticipated site-specific likelihood and magnitude. The authors contend that use of the CCSvt Model, and corresponding results, foster a best practice understanding of the potential risks and financial liabilities associated with proposed CCS projects. In the authors’ view, the results of the CCSvt Model can contribute to a more productive public dialogue regarding CCS, improved siting of CCS projects, and ultimately support the commercial-scale deployment of CCS- technology. The authors conclude that the CCSvt Model is sufficiently flexible in design that it can be adapted to estimate damages distribution curves for myriad types of CCS projects, scaled for plant design and geographic location. As a proof of concept, the authors apply the CCSvt Model to the Alabama Gulf Coast-Plant Barry pilot project in Mobile, Alabama.

Published
2014
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43. Programmed cell death-1 blockade enhances response to stereotactic radiation in an orthotopic murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

David, Friedman, Jason R, Baird, Kristina H, Young, Benjamin, Cottam, Marka R, Crittenden, Scott, Friedman, Michael J, Gough, and Pippa, Newell

Abstract

Small, solitary hepatocellular carcinoma is curable with stereotactic radiation or other methods of tumor ablation, however, regional and systemic tumor recurrence occurs in over 70% of patients. Here we describe the ability of immunoradiotherapy to induce an antitumor immune response and delay the growth of tumors in immunocompetent mice.A syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep-55.1c) was injected directly into the livers of C57BL/6 mice using ultrasound guidance, then tumors were treated with stereotactic radiation using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform with computed tomography guidance.Delivery of three doses of 250 μg anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (αPD-1) antibody concurrently with 30 Gy stereotactic body radiation therapy in three fractions reduced the growth rate of tumors and improved survival (P 0.05). Combined treatment was associated with increased CD8Tumor response to stereotactic radiation can be augmented by concurrent treatment with αPD-1. The efficacy of this combination therapy was transient, however, and treatment induced markers of adaptive immune resistance. These data are promising, but also indicate that mechanisms of immune resistance will need to be durably overcome for this combination to generate lasting immunity to protect against tumor recurrence.

Published
2016

45. An Integrated Systems Approach to Explanation-Based Conceptual Change

Author

Scott Friedman and Kenneth Forbus

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Understanding conceptual change is an important problem in modeling human cognition and in making integrated AI systems that can learn autonomously. This paper describes a model of explanation-based conceptual change, integrating sketch understanding, analogical processing, qualitative models, truth-maintenance, and heuristic-based reasoning within the Companions cognitive architecture. Sketch understanding is used to automatically encode stimuli in the form of comic strips. Qualitative models and conceptual quantities are constructed for new phenomena via analogical reasoning and heuristics. Truth-maintenance is used to integrate conceptual and episodic knowledge into explanations, and heuristics are used to modify existing conceptual knowledge in order to produce better explanations. We simulate the learning and revision of the concept of force, testing the concepts learned via a questionnaire of sketches given to students, showing that our model follows a similar learning trajectory.

Published
2010
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46. Extending Analogical Generalization with Near-Misses

Author

Matthew McLure, Scott Friedman, and Kenneth Forbus

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Concept learning is a central problem for cognitive systems. Generalization techniques can help organize examples by their commonalities, but comparisons with non-examples, near-misses, can provide discrimination. Early work on near-misses required hand-selected examples by a teacher who understood the learner’s internal representations. This paper introduces Analogical Learning by Integrating Generalization and Near-misses (ALIGN) and describes three key advances. First, domain-general cognitive models of analogical processes are used to handle a wider range of examples. Second, ALIGN’s analogical generalization process constructs multiple probabilistic representations per concept via clustering, and hence can learn disjunctive concepts. Finally, ALIGN uses unsupervised analogical retrieval to find its own near-miss examples. We show that ALIGN out-performs analogical generalization on two perceptual data sets: (1) hand-drawn sketches; and (2) geospatial concepts from strategy-game maps.

Published
2015
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47. A method of choosing CCRT scorers

Author

Lester Luborsky, Scott Friedman, Carol Popp, Tomasz P Andrusyna, Cristian Tarca, Louis Diguer, George Silberschatz, and Jenna Ermold

Subjects
Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychology, Social psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

This study compared interjudge agreement in 2 sample cases in which both experienced as well as inexperienced scorers were used. Scorers were given only a single page of core conflictual relationship theme (CCRT) instructions to help them learn the method. The results in both cases suggest that there was significantly greater interjudge agreement among experienced CCRT scorers compared with inexperienced scorers.

Published
2004
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48. Genetics

Author

Jacob Hummel and Scott Friedman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Pediatric anesthesiology, business.industry, Family medicine, medicine, business
Published
2014
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49. Composite Quasar Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author

Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Gordon T. Richards, Amanda Bauer, Michael A. Strauss, Donald P. Schneider, Timothy M. Heckman, Donald G. York, Patrick B. Hall, Xiaohui Fan, G. R. Knapp, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Mariangela Bernardi, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, J. H. Crocker, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Douglas Finkbeiner, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, G. S. Hennessy, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, Peter Z. Kunszt, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Heidi Jo Newberg, Matt Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Chris Stoughton, Christopher Stubbs, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Christy Tremonti, Alan Uomoto, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, and Wei Zheng

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Balmer series, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Emission spectrum, Forbidden mechanism, OVV quasar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We have created a variety of composite quasar spectra using a homogeneous data set of over 2200 spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The quasar sample spans a redshift range of 0.044, 40 pages, including 11 postscript figures, accepted by AJ; for the full version of table 1, see: ftp://sdss.fnal.gov/pub/danvb/qsocomposite/sdss_qso_median.tab1

Published
2001
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50. The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in SDSS Commissioning Data

Author

Michael R. Blanton, Julianne Dalcanton, Daniel Eisenstein, Jon Loveday, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, David H. Weinberg, John E. Anderson, Jr., James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Mariangela Bernardi, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, Andrew J. Connolly, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Douglas Finkbeiner, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, G. S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, David W. Hogg, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, G. R. Knapp, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Robert H. Lupton, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Vijay Narayanan, Matt Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Sadanori Okamura, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Marc Postman, Thomas Quinn, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Chris Stoughton, Christopher Stubbs, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Dan Vanden Berk, Michael S. Vogeley, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, Naoki Yasuda, and Donald G. York

Subjects
Physics, Field galaxy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift survey, Galaxy, Redshift, Luminosity, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Surface brightness, Las Campanas Redshift Survey, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy)
Abstract

During commissioning observations, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has produced one of the largest existing galaxy redshift samples selected from CCD images. Using 11,275 galaxies complete to r^* = 17.6 over 140 square degrees, we compute the luminosity function of galaxies in the r^* band over a range -23 < M < -16 (for h=1). The result is well-described by a Schechter function with parameters phi_* = 0.0146 +/- 0.0012 h^3 Mpc^{-3}, M_* = -20.83 +/- 0.03, and alpha = -1.20 +/- 0.03. The implied luminosity density in r^* is j = (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10^8 h L_sun Mpc^{-3}. The surface brightness selection threshold has a negligible impact for M < -18. We measure the luminosity function in the u^*, g^*, i^*, and z^* bands as well; the slope at low luminosities ranges from alpha=-1.35 to alpha=-1.2. We measure the bivariate distribution of r^* luminosity with half-light surface brightness, intrinsic color, and morphology. High surface brightness, red, highly concentrated galaxies are on average more luminous than low surface brightness, blue, less concentrated galaxies. If we synthesize results for R-band or b_j-band using the Petrosian magnitudes with which the SDSS measures galaxy fluxes, we obtain luminosity densities 2.0 times that found by the Las Campanas Redshift Survey in R and 1.4 times that found by the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey in b_j. We are able to reproduce the luminosity functions obtained by these surveys if we also mimic their isophotal limits for defining galaxy magnitudes, which are shallower and more redshift dependent than the Petrosian magnitudes used by the SDSS. (Abridged), 49 pages, including 23 figures, accepted by AJ; some minor textual changes, plus an important change in comparison to LCRS

Published
2001
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