7,042 results on '"Screen printing"'
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2. Room temperature stimulated long-persistent phosphorescence of polyurethane/SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ composite material for textile-based applications.
- Author
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Shahzadi, Nimra, Yousaf, Muhammad Imran, and Ashraf, Munir
- Subjects
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LIGHT sources , *COTTON textiles , *PROTECTIVE coatings , *SCREEN process printing , *COMPOSITE materials - Abstract
Textile-based SrAl 2 O 4 (SAO): Eu2+, Dy3+ composite material offers functional, aesthetic, and safety benefits, making it a valuable innovation with diverse applications in various industries. The susceptibility of textile-based SAO: Eu2+, Dy3+ composite material is degraded with repeated washing, which can diminish its luminescent properties over time. Our major goal was to create a cloth with durable photoluminescent qualities by incorporating waterborne polyurethane (WPU) as a protective coating that could generate light constantly without a light source. Through a systematic approach involving the synthesis of photoluminescent SAO: Eu2+, Dy3+ particles and their integration into a cloth substrate with waterborne polyurethane, a durable cloth with enhanced durability, protection, and adhesion properties are achieved. Cotton fabric and a rotary screen-printing machine were used to apply a thin, translucent layer of glow-in-the-dark pigment to produce the photoluminescence characteristics of the developed cloth revealing efficient light absorption and emission behavior, with emission spectra centered around absorption wavelength between 560 nm and 880 nm, with a 500 nm emission peak, exhibiting of the presence of Eu2+ and Dy3+ activator ions. In addition, to assess the comfort of the treated cotton fabric, a fabroOmeter test was conducted, that provided insights into its overall comfort level. Furthermore, the cloth demonstrates excellent stability and longevity of photoluminescence under various environmental conditions, making it suitable for applications requiring high visibility, safety signage, decorative elements, and apparel wear. This research underscores the potential of polyurethane-enhanced photoluminescent textiles as versatile and sustainable solutions for diverse practical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Screen printing approach for high throughput and flexible adhesive deposition in graphite bipolar plate production.
- Author
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Wagner, Arne, Wacker, Christian, and Dröder, Klaus
- Abstract
The struggle against climate change necessitates innovative technologies for storing and utilizing renewable energy. Hydrogen is considered a promising solution for harnessing renewable energy in a wide range of applications. In addition to its application as a raw material in the steel and the chemical industry, hydrogen can also be utilized as an energy carrier in conjunction with fuel cells (e.g. with Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells PEMFC) for heavy-duty vehicles, emergency power supplies or the maritime sector. To achieve the required electrical voltages for these applications, several hundred cells are assembled to a stack. A crucial component of an individual cell alongside the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is the Bipolar Plate (BPP), consisting of two bonded Bipolar Half Plates (BPHP). The BPP enables an inflow of reactive media, the cooling of the cell and is also required for the electrical contacting of the stacked cells as well as the overall mechanical stability. According to previous studies, fully bonded BPPs, especially in the flow field, significantly improve both mechanical and electrical properties of the entire stack. The here presented innovative approach for adhesive deposition aims at bonding graphitic BPHPs to BPPs with a high throughput capability while maintaining high flexibility and process stability. The process is based on the conventional screen printing technique, which in this case is performed without a stencil, allowing for a high flexibility regarding the cell geometry. Furthermore, the range of usable adhesives can be expanded with minor adjustments, allowing for not only paste adhesives but also thermally activated powders. With the presented approach, the adhesive volume can be controlled precisely and applied uniformly by selecting a suitable screen. The feasibility of the approach was tested and initial parameter estimations for potential industrial implementation were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Dielectric properties and energy storage performance of lead-free strontium calcium titanate (Sr0.60Ca0.40)TiO3 thick films.
- Author
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Palani, Parthiban and Fasquelle, Didier
- Abstract
This work demonstrates the fabrication, characterization, and energy storage capacity of high calcium-doped strontium titanate thick films (Sr0.60Ca0.40TiO3) for the first time. The thick films were fabricated using the screen-printing technique and densified using uniaxial pressing. The effect of densification on the structural, morphological, and surface chemical compositional of the materials was studied. The densified thick film revealed a notable frequency stability of dielectric permittivity (ε′) ≈ 198 with a low dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) in the order of 10− 3 between 100 Hz and 1 MHz and was characterized by slim P-E loops signifying its paraelectric nature. A high energy recovery density (Ue) of 4.1 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency of 96% were simultaneously reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Cost‐Effective Conductive Paste for Radiofrequency Devices Using Carbon‐Based Materials.
- Author
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Curreli, Nicola, Dessì, Claudia, Lodi, Matteo B., Melis, Andrea, Simone, Marco, Melis, Nicola, Pilia, Luca, Guarnera, Davide, Di Donato, Loreto, Fanti, Alessandro, Grosso, Massimiliano, and Desogus, Francesco
- Abstract
With the increasing demand for compact, lightweight, cost‐effective, and high‐performance radiofrequency (RF) devices, the development of low‐profile antennas becomes crucial. This article presents a study of a novel carbon–cellulose‐based paste intended for screen printing RF devices. The investigation specifically explores the application of high‐reactivity carbon mixture (HRCM) particles as conductive fillers. The results demonstrate that optimal electrical conductivity values and discrete electromagnetic dipole performances can be achieved at lower concentrations of solid conductive material compared to conventional pastes, for similar applications. This offers benefits in terms of total cost, material consumption, and environmental impact. The paste formulation showcases a complex non‐Newtonian behavior, where yielding flow and thixotropicity are found to be independent and dependent on preshear conditions, respectively. This behavior can be attributed to the network orientation and rearrangement of filler structures within the paste system, which in turn are responsible for filler pattern uniformity and overall printing quality. Compared to traditional conductive materials, HRCM pastes are proven to be a viable alternative for RF devices fabrication, including printed Wi‐Fi antennas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Sub-Ppb H 2 S Sensing with Screen-Printed Porous ZnO/SnO 2 Nanocomposite.
- Author
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Akbari-Saatlu, Mehdi, Heidari, Masoumeh, Mattsson, Claes, Zhang, Renyun, and Thungström, Göran
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EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *GAS detectors , *STANNIC oxide , *NATURAL gas , *INDUSTRIAL safety , *HYDROGEN sulfide - Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas commonly found in industrial emissions and natural gas processing, posing serious risks to human health and environmental safety even at low concentrations. The early detection of H2S is therefore critical for preventing accidents and ensuring compliance with safety regulations. This study presents the development of porous ZnO/SnO2-nanocomposite gas sensors tailored for the ultrasensitive detection of H2S at sub-ppb levels. Utilizing a screen-printing method, we fabricated five different sensor compositions—ranging from pure SnO2 to pure ZnO—and characterized their structural and morphological properties through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among these, the SnO2/ZnO sensor with a composition-weight ratio of 3:4 demonstrated the highest response at 325 °C, achieving a low detection limit of 0.14 ppb. The sensor was evaluated for detecting H2S concentrations ranging from 5 ppb to 500 ppb under dry, humid air and N2 conditions. The relative concentration error was carefully calculated based on analytical sensitivity, confirming the sensor's precision in measuring gas concentrations. Our findings underscore the significant advantages of mixture nanocomposites in enhancing gas sensitivity, offering promising applications in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This research paves the way for the advancement of highly effective gas sensors capable of operating under diverse conditions with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Developing Screen-Printing Processes for Silver Electrodes Towards All-Solution Coating Processes for Solar Cells.
- Author
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Chung, Tsui-Yun, Cha, Hou-Chin, Chuang, Chih-Min, Tsao, Cheng-Si, Glowienka, Damian, Wang, Yi-Han, Wu, Hui-Chun, and Huang, Yu-Ching
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SOLAR cells , *ALTERNATIVE fuels , *COATING processes , *MASS production , *MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
In recent years, third-generation solar cells have experienced a remarkable growth in efficiency, making them a highly promising alternative energy solution. Currently, high-efficiency solar cells often use top electrodes fabricated by thermal evaporation, which rely on high-cost and high energy-consumption vacuum equipment, raising significant concerns for mass production. This study develops a method for fabricating silver electrodes using the screen-printing process, aiming to achieve solar cell production through an all-solution coating process. By selecting appropriate blocking-layer materials and optimizing the process, we have achieved device efficiencies for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with screen-printed silver electrodes comparable to those with silver electrodes fabricated by thermal evaporation. Furthermore, we developed a method to cure the silver ink using near-infrared (NIR) annealing, significantly reducing the curing time from 30 min with hot air annealing to just 5 s. Additionally, by employing sheet-to-sheet (S2S) slot-die coating, we scaled up the device area and completed module development, successfully verifying stability in ambient air. We have also extended the application of screen-printed silver electrodes to perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Stretchable Conductive Inks with Carbon‐Based Fillers for Conformable Printed Electronics.
- Author
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Campos‐Arias, Lia, Peřinka, Nikola, Costa, Pedro, Vilas‐Vilela, José Luis, and Lanceros‐Méndez, Senentxu
- Subjects
PRINTED electronics ,CARBON-black ,CONDUCTIVE ink ,ELECTRONIC waste ,SCREEN process printing - Abstract
With the constant increase of electronic waste globally, society is demanding and governments are boosting the development of electronics with less pollutant materials and reduced environmental impact. One way to achieve this is to implement materials that are functional and structural at the same time, reducing material use and assembling parts. Further, printing techniques, such as screen printing, reduce considerably costs and time compared with conventional electronics; combined with methods to conform printed electronics to a 3D shape, such as thermoforming, allow to obtain nonplanar surface electronics simply and efficiently. Herein, screen‐printable inks made of styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene and different aspect‐ratio carbon‐based materials for conformable electronics are reported. The inks are prepared with carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide as conductive fillers, printed on a flexible substrate and thermoformed. Carbon black and carbon nanotube samples are functional after the process, with conductivities of 96 and 141 S m−1 for the best performing sample of each filler, respectively. Rheological, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties of the materials are also characterized. This study shows the influence of the filler's type and aspect ratio on the morphology and electrical conductivity of the printed materials before and after thermoforming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
9. Preparation of high-performance multilayer circuits by controlling the diffusion of Ag in borosilicate glass-ceramics through the addition of SiO2.
- Author
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Fang, Jun, Chen, Tianhong, Fu, Renli, Bei, Guoping, Ge, Jinlong, Jiao, Yuhong, Dong, Sirui, Li, Guojun, and Li, Zhanyuan
- Subjects
- *
SANDWICH construction (Materials) , *CERAMICS , *THICK films , *DIELECTRIC strength , *AUTOMOTIVE electronics , *BOROSILICATES - Abstract
Due to its superior reliability and performance, thick film technology is extensively employed in various applications, including automotive electronics, consumer electronics, communication engineering, and aerospace. However, a challenge arises from the mutual diffusion during the electronic paste production process, which leads to a decline in insulation performance and hinders the production of three-dimensional equipment. Inspired by the principles of low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, a multi-layered ceramic structure has been successfully bonded using thick film technology by introducing a borosilicate glass-ceramics layer. To further enhance the properties of this multi-layered ceramic structure, approximately 8 wt% SiO 2 was incorporated into the borosilicate glass-ceramics. This addition effectively inhibits silver diffusion and reduces the diffusion depth within the glass-ceramic film. The key mechanisms behind this improvement are the increased activation energy for crystallization, resulting in a slower crystallization rate due to the addition of SiO 2. Moreover, the multi-layered ceramic with a sandwich structure exhibits remarkable properties. Notably, the dielectric strength of this system has been significantly enhanced to 13.9 kV/mm, accompanied by a high adhesion strength of 790 N. These enhanced properties of the optimized system indicate promising characteristics for multi-layer circuit applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Efficient Large Area Semi‐Transparent Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Printed with DMD400 Technology.
- Author
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Raïssi, Mahfoudh, Muwanwella, Himal, Naz, Falak, Bianchi, Anaïs, Rousseau, Didier, and Sajjad, Muhammad Tariq
- Subjects
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SOLAR cell manufacturing , *SOLAR cells , *SCREEN process printing , *CHARGE transfer , *SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
This work presents the development of fully printed, large‐area, semi‐transparent Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) using TiO2 nanoparticles treated with TiCl4, a “D35” push‐pull dye sensitizer, and I3−/I− redox mediator. Cells with areas of 4 and 200 cm2 were printed using hexagonal, stripe, and standard designs, employing digital materials deposition (DMD) technology. The porous films printed via DMD, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), improved solar cells performance by enhancing the Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). The hexagonal design, in particular, facilitated better electrolyte impregnation in the TiO2 mesoporous structure, boosting current density. This design yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.05% for 4 cm2 DSSCs, surpassing the stripe (5.50%) and standard (5.48%) designs. Its higher performance can be attributed to lower interfacial charge recombination rates and improvedcharge transfer and collection efficiency. Photophysical measurements indicated faster charge transfer rates in hexagonal cells (≈ 1.3 × 109s−1) compared to the stripe (9.8 × 108 s−1) and standard (9.5 × 108 s−1) designs. Hence, our work highlights the potential of hexagonal design to improve both efficiency and transparency while reducing material consumption, offering a promising approach for manufacturing semi‐transparent solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Characterization of Silver Conductive Ink Screen-Printed Textile Circuits: Effects of Substrate, Mesh Density, and Overprinting.
- Author
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Im, Hyobin and Roh, Jung-Sim
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SCREEN process printing , *ELECTROTEXTILES , *CONDUCTIVE ink , *TEXTILE printing , *COTTON fibers , *COTTON - Abstract
This study explores the intricate interaction between the properties of textile substrates and screen-printing parameters in shaping fabric circuits using silver conductive ink. Via analyzing key variables such as fabric type, mesh density, and the number of overprinted layers, the research revealed how the porous structure, large surface area, and fiber morphology of textile substrates influence ink absorption, ultimately enhancing the electrical connectivity of the printed circuits. Notably, the hydrophilic cotton staple fibers fabric effectively absorbed the conductive ink into the fabric substrate, demonstrating superior electrical performance compared with the hydrophobic polyester filament fabric after three overprinting, unlike the results observed after a single print. As mesh density decreased and the number of prints increased, the electrical resistance of the circuit gradually reduced, but ink bleeding on the fabric surface became more pronounced. Cotton fabric, via absorbing the ink deeply, exhibited less surface bleeding, while polyester fabric showed more noticeable ink spreading. These findings provide valuable insights for improving screen printing technology for textile circuits and contribute to the development of advanced fabric circuits that enhance the functionality of smart wearable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Hybrid Screen Printable Electrolyte for Large‐Scale Flexible Electrochromic Display Production.
- Author
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Leite, Fábio A. S., Wierzchowiec, Piotr, Pinheiro, Carlos, Maggini, Laura, and Bonifazi, Davide
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ELECTROCHROMIC devices , *SOLID electrolytes , *IONIC conductivity , *POLYELECTROLYTES , *SCREEN process printing , *MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
This study presents the development of a novel screen printable quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (
p‐QSPE ) for Electrochromic Displays (ECDs) applications.p‐QSPE is composed of three key components: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a high‐dielectric constant polymer that ensures high ionic conductivity in solid‐state; glyceril propoxy triacrylate (GPTA), a UV‐cross‐linkable monomer that provides structure and durability for overprinting; titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, which modulate the electrolyte's rheological properties for screen printing; reducing the solvent (PC:EC) content to only 35.90 wt.%. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that this well‐designed formulation achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.17 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature, surpassing the threshold required for commercial applications. Moreover,p‐QSPE facilitated the production of fully screen printed ECDs in an industrial printing line, streamlining their production process and achieving an optimal balance between printability, overprint resilience, and device performance. Operational tests for the ECDs showed fast switching times (<6 s for t90 and <2 s for t75) across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). Additionally, the electrolyte demonstrated low charge consumption (2.10 ± 0.11 mC cm−2) and a lifespan exceeding 10 000 cycles. These results highlight the potential ofp‐QSPE as a screen printable, high‐performance electrolyte, capable of advancing ECD manufacturing by enabling the production of fully screen‐printed, performing ECDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. Towards a cutting‐edge metallization process for silicon heterojunction solar cells with very low silver laydown.
- Author
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Lorenz, Andreas, Wenzel, Timo, Pingel, Sebastian, Sabet, Milad Salimi, Retzlaff, Marc, and Clement, Florian
- Abstract
Within this work, we investigate the potential to optimize the screen‐printed front side metallization of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Three iterative experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of the utilized fine mesh screen configurations and grid layout adaption (finger pitch) for the front side metallization on silver laydown and electrical performance of the solar cells. With respect to the screen configuration, we compare the performance of a fine‐mesh knotless screen to a conventionally angled screen demonstrating an additional gain of Δη = +0.1%abs due to reduced shading losses. Additionally, a grid layout is improved by increasing the number of contact fingers from 120 to 156. Furthermore, the current possibility to push the fine‐line printing process for low‐temperature pastes to the limit is investigated by reducing the nominal finger width wn to 20, 18, and 15 μm. It is shown that even the smallest nominal width of wn = 15 μm can be printed with high quality, leading to an additional efficiency gain of Δη = +0.15%abs as well as a reduction of silver paste laydown by −5 mg. Finally, a batch of champion cells is fabricated by applying the findings of the previous experiments, which results in a maximum efficiency of ηmax = 23.2%. Compared to the reference group without optimization, this corresponds to a gain of Δη = +0.17%abs, which comes along with an additional decrease of the silver paste laydown by approximately −2 mg. This emphasizes the significance of consistent optimization of the screen‐printing process in terms of cell performance and resource utilization for SHJ solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. High‐Performance Multipedal Shape Strain Sensors for Human Motion and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring.
- Author
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Li, Gen, Wan, Rongtai, Liu, Shuhan, Wang, Lina, Yu, Mangmang, Zhong, Jiang, Yang, Hanjun, Liu, Ximei, and Lu, Baoyang
- Subjects
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STRAIN sensors , *MOTION detectors , *YOUNG'S modulus , *ELECTRONIC equipment , *MYOCARDIUM - Abstract
Strain sensors from conducting polymer hydrogel have been widely employed in various wearable devices, electronic skins, and biomedical applications. These sensors provide outstanding flexibility and high sensitivity by integrating conducting polymer with hydrogels, making them particularly suitable for monitoring human motion and physiological signals like heart rate or muscle activity. Despite their extensive application potential, conducting polymer hydrogel face several technical challenges in practical use, including poor mechanical properties, lack of long‐term stability, and difficulty in customizable design. This work introduces a method for fabricating a multipedal strain sensor using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)hydrogels through screen printing and demonstrates its application in human motion monitoring. The multipedal strain sensor demonstrates a low Young's modulus (200 kPa), high stretchability (400%), and excellent mechanical cyclic stability (3000 cycles). Furthermore, this strain sensor is further applied to detect human movements such as chewing, smiling, fist clenching, arm bending, and carotid pulse monitoring. Comparative analysis between the multipedal‐designed sensor and the non‐designed sensor highlights the enhanced sensing capabilities of the multipedal sensor. The design of this multipedal sensor holds the potential to broaden the design concepts for strain sensors and offers new insights for wearable devices and electronic skins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Study on the Rheological Behaviors, Thixotropy, and Printing Characteristics of Screen Printing Slurry for Nd-Fe-B.
- Author
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Sun, Xiaojun, Lin, Xiao, Luo, Yang, Yu, Dunbo, Yan, Wenlong, Zhang, Hongbin, Wang, Zilong, Zhang, Chaofan, Guo, Jiyuan, Zhang, Wendi, Gao, Weiguo, and Huang, Shan
- Subjects
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KIRKENDALL effect , *NON-Newtonian fluids , *POLYVINYL butyral , *SCREEN process printing , *THIXOTROPY - Abstract
The rheological behavior and printing characteristics of the screen-printing slurry for Nd-Fe-B grain boundary diffusion are key factors that determine the quality of printing and magnetic performance. However, few studies have focused on the organic medium, a crucial material for slurry. In this paper, the rheology, thixotropy, and thermal decomposition behavior of the organic vehicle in Nd-Fe-B screen printing slurry were studied. The results show that the organic vehicle formed by terpineol and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) exhibits typical non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, with excellent rheology and thixotropy, ensuring that the slurry prepared from it has excellent static stability and printing consistency. Additionally, the carbon residue of the organic vehicle formed by terpineol and PVB is less than 0.1% at 900 °C, avoiding excessive carbon entering the magnet during the diffusion process. Moreover, studying the rheology and thixotropy of the organic vehicle through a rheometer can quickly screen the slurry system. This work provides valuable guidance for designing an organic vehicle for screen-printing slurry for Nd-Fe-B grain boundary diffusion in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Improving the efficiency and stability of screen-printed carbon-based perovskite solar cells through passivation of electron transport compact-TiO2 layer with TiCl4.
- Author
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Khan, Sania, Noman, Muhammad, and Khan, Adnan Daud
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ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) , *SURFACE passivation , *ELECTRON transport , *SOLAR cells , *SURFACE roughness , *PASSIVATION - Abstract
A homogenous and well-packed electron transport layer (ETL) is crucial in attaining high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two vital tasks are carried out by ETL: excellent electron collection, and proficiently prevents the recombination of charge carriers. Hole transport layer (HTL) free screen-printed carbon-based perovskite solar cells (SP-C-PSCs) are particularly favored within the realm of PSCs due to their exceptional scalability, durability, and affordability. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used as the ETL in these SP-C-PSCs due to its suitable band energy structure, ease of production, and low cost; nevertheless, it must be of high quality and uniformly deposited. Here experimental analytical study of PSCs was conducted, employed surface passivation to compact titania (c-TiO2) ETL using TiCl4 passivation agent through two different deposition techniques. This passivation is applied to lower its surface roughness, improve electron transport capability, increase crystallinity, reduce micro pores, exhibit better energy level alignment, and to reduce the recombination sites. Consequently, the device with surface passivation enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term ambient stability of PSCs by maximizing the c-TiO2 ETL electrical characteristics. It is also discovered that the passivated c-TiO2 layer has increased hydrophobicity and reduced the RMS surface roughness from 28.8 to 27.3 nm. The PCE of the fabricated SP-C-PSCs is improved by 32.34% through applying spin-coating TiCl4 passivation, and 21.74% enhancement is recorded by applying dip-coating TiCl4 passivation. Furthermore, after 1344 h of storage under ambient conditions without encapsulation, the device passivated with spin-coating retained 84.27%, the device passivated with dip-coating maintained 85.50%, while the reference device reserved just 75.84% PCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. 柔性棉织物压力传感器的制备及性能研究.
- Author
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李泰泉, 张宇, 秦亚飞, and 金皓
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SCREEN process printing ,PRESSURE sensors ,LIQUID metals ,R-curves ,COTTON textiles - Abstract
Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
18. 热敏变色调温双功能性微胶囊的 制备及其应用.
- Author
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蔡钦泽, 叶景鹏, 张国庆, 刘国金, and 周岚
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HEAT storage ,TEMPERATURE control ,PALMITIC acid ,CORE materials ,BISPHENOL A - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Enhancing Heavy Metal Detection through Electrochemical Polishing of Carbon Electrodes.
- Author
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Billa, Sanjeev, Boddu, Rohit, Siddiqui, Shabnam, and Arumugam, Prabhu U.
- Subjects
LEAD ,METAL detectors ,CARBON electrodes ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,HEAVY metals - Abstract
Our research addresses the pressing need for environmental sensors capable of large-scale, on-site detection of a wide array of heavy metals with highly accurate sensor metrics. We present a novel approach using electrochemically polished (ECP) carbon screen-printed electrodes (cSPEs) for high-sensitivity detection of cadmium and lead. By applying a range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, we investigated the impact of the electrochemical potential scan range, scan rate, and the number of cycles on electrode response and its ability to detect cadmium and lead. Our findings reveal a 41 ± 1.2% increase in voltammogram currents and a 51 ± 1.6% decrease in potential separations (n = 3), indicating a significantly improved active electrode area and kinetics. The impedance model elucidates the microstructural and electrochemical property changes in the ECP-treated electrodes, showing an 88 ± 2% (n = 3) decrease in the charge transfer resistance, leading to enhanced electrode electrical conductivity. A bismuth-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified, ECP-treated electrode demonstrated a higher cadmium and lead sensitivity of up to 5 ± 0.1 μAppb
−1 cm−2 and 2.7 ± 0.1 μAppb−1 cm−2 (n = 3), respectively, resulting in sub-ppb limits of detection in spiked deionized water samples. Our study underscores the potential of optimally ECP-activated electrodes as a foundation for designing ultrasensitive heavy metal sensors for a wide range of real-world heavy metal-contaminated waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Preparation and application of thermochromic and thermoregulation bi-functional microcapsules
- Author
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CAI Qinze, YE Jingpeng, ZHANG Guoqing, LIU Guojin, and ZHOU Lan
- Subjects
thermochromism ,heat storage and temperature regulation ,microcapsule ,screen printing ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Aiming at the current problems of low enthalpy value and low coverage rate of phase change solvent in thermochromic microcapsules, the bi-functional microcapsules with reversible thermochromic property, and heat storage and temperature regulation properties were prepared by in-situ polymerization using chromogenic agent 2′-chloro-6′-(diethylamino) fluorane, chromogenic agent bisphenol A, and phase change material hexadecanoic acid dodecanol ester as the composite core materials and melamine resin as the wall material. The surface morphology, thermal properties, and discoloration properties of the microcapsules were studied. The results show that when the mass ratio of 2′-chloro-6′-(diethylamino) fluorane, bisphenol A, and hexadecanoic acid dodecanol ester is 0.3∶4∶60 and the mass ratio of core to wall materials is 0.8∶1, the prepared microcapsules have smooth and spherical shape,the average particle size is about 3 μm,the encapsulation rate reaches 86.4%, the latent heat value is 138.3 J/g, showing good color recovery after 120 cycles of temperature rising and cooling. After this microcapsules are applied on cotton fabrics by screen printing, the latent heat value of the printed fabric can reach 9.74 J/g, and the fast reversible color change from red to white in the range of 25-40 ℃ can be achieved,exhibiting good heat storage temperature regulating property and thermal color changing response property.
- Published
- 2024
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21. Sustainable, cytocompatible and flexible electronics on potato starch-based films
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Sandra Lepak-Kuc, Aleksandra Kądziela, Monika Staniszewska, Daniel Janczak, Małgorzata Jakubowska, Ewa Bednarczyk, Tomasz Murawski, Katarzyna Piłczyńska, and Zuzanna Żołek-Tryznowska
- Subjects
Starch films ,Flexible electronics ,Screen printing ,Sustainable ,Non-toxic ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Environmental concerns and climate protection are gaining increasing emphasis nowadays. A growing number of industries and scientific fields are involved in this trend. Sustainable electronics is an emerging research strand. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable or biobased raw materials can be used for the development of green flexible electronic devices, which may serve to reduce the pollution generated by plastics and electronics waste. In this work, we present cytocompatible, electrically conductive structures of nanocarbon water-soluble composites based on starch films. To accomplish this goal, potato starch-based films with glycerol as a plasticiser were developed along with a water-soluble vehicle for nanocarbon-based electroconductive pastes specifically dedicated to screen printing technology. Films were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mechanical properties and surface free energy.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Boosting Ion Diffusion Kinetics of MXene Inks with Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte for Screen‐Printed Micro‐Supercapacitors.
- Author
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Wang, Yihan, Yuan, Yuxun, Geng, HuaYun, Yang, Weiqing, and Chen, Xiangrong
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY storage , *DIFFUSION kinetics , *WEARABLE technology , *LITHIUM ions , *FLEXIBLE electronics - Abstract
Flexible wearable electronics are in urgent need of advanced micro‐energy storage devices. MXenes are widely used in supercapacitors because of their excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, MXene‐based supercapacitors typically exhibit low capacitance and unsatisfied rate performance, particularly in the solid compact MXene film electrode with limited porosity and/or ion diffusion paths. Here, the synthesis of MXene inks with enlarged interlayer spacing for facilitated ion diffusion kinetics by intercalating lithium ions is reported. The ion‐intercalated MXene inks are further screen‐printed for scalable production of MXene‐based micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). Benefiting from such an electrode architecture design, as well as the wide voltage window of 21 m bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) water‐in‐salt electrolyte, the device exhibits impressive areal capacitance (252 mF cm−2), much‐improved rate performance (capacitance retention rate as high as 80%), excellent cyclic stability (retains 98.4% of initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles) and flexibility, showing great potential in the field of wearable intelligent electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Sustainable, cytocompatible and flexible electronics on potato starch-based films.
- Author
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Lepak-Kuc, Sandra, Kądziela, Aleksandra, Staniszewska, Monika, Janczak, Daniel, Jakubowska, Małgorzata, Bednarczyk, Ewa, Murawski, Tomasz, Piłczyńska, Katarzyna, and Żołek-Tryznowska, Zuzanna
- Subjects
- *
FLEXIBLE electronics , *SCREEN process printing , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *POTATOES , *PLASTIC scrap , *MICROSCOPY , *AMYLOPLASTS , *STARCH - Abstract
Environmental concerns and climate protection are gaining increasing emphasis nowadays. A growing number of industries and scientific fields are involved in this trend. Sustainable electronics is an emerging research strand. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable or biobased raw materials can be used for the development of green flexible electronic devices, which may serve to reduce the pollution generated by plastics and electronics waste. In this work, we present cytocompatible, electrically conductive structures of nanocarbon water-soluble composites based on starch films. To accomplish this goal, potato starch-based films with glycerol as a plasticiser were developed along with a water-soluble vehicle for nanocarbon-based electroconductive pastes specifically dedicated to screen printing technology. Films were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mechanical properties and surface free energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Physicochemical Properties of (La,Sr)CoO 3 Thick Films on Fe-25Cr Steel under Exposure to SOFC Cathode Operating Conditions.
- Author
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Prażuch, Janusz, Pyzalski, Michał, Fernández González, Daniel, and Brylewski, Tomasz
- Subjects
- *
FERRITIC steel , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *THICK films , *METALWORK , *PHASE space - Abstract
La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 (LSC) coatings with a thickness of 50–100 µm were deposited on Fe-25Cr ferritic stainless steel (DIN 50049) via screen printing. The required suspension had been prepared using fine LSC powders synthesised using EDTA gel processes. In its bulk form, the LSC consisted entirely of the rhombohedral phase with space group R-3c, and it exhibited high electrical conductivity (~144 S·cm−1). LSC-coated steel was oxidised in air at 1073 K, i.e., under conditions corresponding to SOFC cathode operation, for times of up to 144 h. The in situ electrical resistance of the steel/La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 layered system during oxidation was measured. The products formed on the samples after the oxidation reaction resulting from exposure to the corrosive medium were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and TEM-SAD. The microstructural, nanostructural, phase, and chemical analysis of films was performed with a focus on the film/substrate interface. It was determined that the LSC coating interacts with the oxidised steel in the applied conditions, and a multi-layer interfacial zone is formed. Detailed TEM-SAD observations indicated the formation of a main layer consisting of SrCrO4, which was the reaction product of (La,Sr)CoO3, and the Cr2O3 scale formed on the metal surface. The formation of the SrCrO4 phase resulted in improved electrical conductivity of the investigated metal/ceramics layered composite material, as demonstrated by the low area-specific resistance values of 5 mΩ·cm2, thus making it potentially useful as a SOFC interconnect material operating at the tested temperature. In addition, the evaporation rate of chromium measured for the uncoated steel and the steel/La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 layered system likewise indicates that the coating is capable of acting as an effective barrier against the formation of volatile compounds of chromium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A Strategy for Fabricating Ultra-Flexible Thermoelectric Films Using Ag 2 Se-Based Ink.
- Author
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Yuan, Yunhuan, Ding, Chaogang, Yin, Rui, Lu, Shun, Xu, Jie, Ren, Wei, Li, Kang, and Zhao, Weiwei
- Subjects
- *
SCREEN process printing , *MOTION picture screenings , *WEARABLE technology , *INTERNET of things , *PRINTING ink - Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric materials have drawn significant attention from researchers due to their potential applications in wearable electronics and the Internet of Things. Despite many reports on these materials, it remains a significant challenge to develop cost-effective methods for large-scale, patterned fabrication of materials that exhibit both excellent thermoelectric performance and remarkable flexibility. In this study, we have developed an Ag2Se-based ink with excellent printability that can be used to fabricate flexible thermoelectric films by screen printing and low-temperature sintering. The printed films exhibit a Seebeck coefficient of −161 μV/K and a power factor of 3250.9 μW/m·K2 at 400 K. Moreover, the films demonstrate remarkable flexibility, showing minimal changes in resistance after being bent 5000 times at a radius of 5 mm. Overall, this research offers a new opportunity for the large-scale patterned production of flexible thermoelectric films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Study on the Luminescence Performance and Anti-Counterfeiting Application of Eu 2+ , Nd 3+ Co-Doped SrAl 2 O 4 Phosphor.
- Author
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Wang, Zhanpeng, Liu, Quanxiao, Wang, Jigang, Qi, Yuansheng, Li, Zhenjun, Li, Junming, Zhang, Zhanwei, Wang, Xinfeng, Li, Cuijuan, and Wang, Rong
- Subjects
- *
SCREEN process printing , *ELECTRONIC excitation , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *POLYACRYLIC acid , *LUMINESCENCE - Abstract
This manuscript describes the synthesis of green long afterglow nanophosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Nd3+ using the combustion process. The study encompassed the photoluminescence behavior, elemental composition, chemical valence, morphology, and phase purity of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Nd3+ nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that after introducing Eu2+ into the matrix lattice, it exhibits an emission band centered at 508 nm when excited by 365 nm ultraviolet light, which is induced by the 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+ ions. The optimal doping concentrations of Eu2+ and Nd3+ were determined to be 2% and 1%, respectively. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we have found that the physical phase was not altered by the doping of Eu2+ and Nd3+. Then, we analyzed and compared the quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, and afterglow decay time of the samples; the co-doped ion Nd3+ itself does not emit light, but it can serve as an electron trap center to collect a portion of the electrons produced by the excitation of Eu2+, which gradually returns to the ground state after the excitation stops, generating an afterglow luminescence of about 15 s. The quantum yields of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ and SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Nd3+ phosphors were 41.59% and 10.10% and the fluorescence lifetimes were 404 ns and 76 ns, respectively. In addition, the Eg value of 4.98 eV was determined based on the diffuse reflectance spectra of the material, which closely matches the calculated bandgap value of SrAl2O4. The material can be combined with polyacrylic acid to create optical anti-counterfeiting ink, and the butterfly and ladybug patterns were effectively printed through screen printing; this demonstrates the potential use of phosphor in the realm of anti-counterfeiting printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Large-scale manufacturing of functional single-atom ink for convenient glucose sensing.
- Author
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Yan, Muyu, Zhu, Xiaofei, Xiong, Can, Han, Xiao, Xue, Zhenggang, and Wu, Yuen
- Abstract
Printing techniques hold great potential in the manufacture of electronics such as sensors, micro-supercapacitors, and flexible electronics. However, developing large-scale functional conductive inks with appropriate rheological properties and active components still remains a challenge. Herein, through optimizing the formulations of ink, iron single sites supported N-doped carbon black (Fe
1 -NC) inks can serve as both conductive electrodes and high-reactive catalysts to realize convenient glucose detection, which pronouncedly reduces the dosage of enzyme and simplifies the sensors preparation. In detail, utilizing in-situ pyrolysis method, Fe1 -NC single-atom catalysts (SACs) are prepared in bulk (dekagram-level). The batched Fe1 -NC SACs materials can be uniformly mixed with modulated ink to realize the screen printing with high resolution and uniformity. Also, the whole scalable preparation and ink-functional process can be extended to various metals (including Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn). The introduction of highly active Fe1 -NC sites reduces the amount of enzyme used in glucose detection by at least 50%, contributing to the cost reduction of sensors. The strategy in harnessing the SACs onto the carbon inks thus provides a broad prospect for the low-cost and large-scale printing of sensitive sensing devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
28. Printed Primary Battery in a Rolled-Up Form Factor.
- Author
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Willert, Andreas, Voigt, Sven, Zschau, Tobias, and Zichner, Ralf
- Subjects
PRINTED electronics ,LITHIUM cells ,STORAGE batteries ,SCREEN process printing ,MASS markets - Abstract
In battery systems, there are several established form factors targeting mass market applications, like D, C, AA, AAA series, lithium round cells, and coin cells. Besides these standardized batteries, in printed electronics, there are several approaches to realize flat batteries of different material systems fabricating primary and secondary battery types. For a dedicated application in agriculture, a sensor system requires a degradable primary battery. In this paper, the development of a dedicated zinc–carbon battery is described, supplying the sensor application with 4.5 V
nom . The battery has a 170 mm length and a 23 mm outer diameter. while the inner core is open for the antenna system of the application. The active area is up to 161 cm2 . The design and manufacturing aspects are described. The rolled-up battery system is fully charged after manufacturing and ready to operate. It may remain inside the degradable sensor system after use in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Print Quality Analysis of Stone Paper and Coated Sticker Paper Used in Screen Printing.
- Author
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Akpolat, Cem and Akgül, Ahmet
- Subjects
STONE ,PRINTING ink ,SCREEN process printing ,NATURAL resources ,PRINTING industry - Abstract
The sustainable use of natural resources is becoming an increasingly important issue today. Stone paper, produced as an alternative to cellulose-based paper from the forest, is rich in minerals and produced without cellulose and water. This study focuses on the behavior of screen-printing ink on two different papers, stone paper and coated sticker paper. Properties such as ink adhesion, rubbing resistance, optical printing ink density, ink consumption, and lightfastness were measured on these surfaces. Solvent- and UV-based inks were used, and printing was carried out on cellulose-based (coated sticker paper) and mineral-based (stone paper) paper layers using three different mesh counts (90, 120, and 140 tpc). The rubbing resistance and lightfastness of the papers were also measured. The present findings revealed that stone paper had the same printability properties as cellulose-based paper. The study concluded that using a 140 tpc mesh with both types of ink results in a high-lightfastness ink layer and lower ink consumption. UV-based inks exhibited high rub resistance across all mesh counts. Additionally, when printing with stone paper, there will be a reduction in ink consumption, thereby achieving cost savings. Based on the present findings, it was concluded that water- and oil-resistant stone paper can be considered an essential alternative in many fields, including the printing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Membrane‐based mechanical characterization of screen‐printed inks: Deflection analysis of ink layers on polyimide membranes.
- Author
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Masarweh, Eléonore, Arseenko, Mariia, Guaino, Philippe, and Flandre, Denis
- Subjects
YOUNG'S modulus ,RESIDUAL stresses ,SCREEN process printing ,HEAT treatment ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) - Abstract
Measurements of Young's modulus and residual stresses of screen‐printed ink layers using a bulge test on coated polyimide‐based membranes are proposed in this work. The applied bulge test monitors the deflection of membranes under pressure with interferometry. The obtained Young's modulus ranges from 6 to 8 GPa for a carbon blend‐based ink and is around 12 GPa for a silver nanoparticle ink. These values are compared with standard nanoindentation and show good agreement. Besides, the residual stresses range from −4 to 8 MPa for the carbon blend‐based ink, while the silver ink is measured around −10 MPa. The use of the membrane‐based method underlines the influence of exact deposition and curing conditions on the ink film material properties. The impact of the substrate on the ink layer properties, such as the thickness and its uniformity, is discussed, especially with regard to the heat treatment of the membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Extraction of Anthocyanin Dye from Staghorn Sumac Fruit in Various Solvents and Use for Pigment Printing.
- Author
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Klančnik, Maja and Koradin, Elena
- Subjects
SCREEN process printing ,NATURAL dyes & dyeing ,SOLVENT extraction ,COLOR printing ,ORGANIC solvents - Abstract
This study investigates the potential of the dye extracted from the fruits of the alien invasive plant staghorn sumac (lat. Rhus typhina) as a sustainable and environmentally friendly colorant. By using a range of solvents, including distilled water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and dichloromethane, this study aims to determine the optimum solvent for the extraction of anthocyanin dyes from the fruit of staghorn sumac for the formulation of printing inks and for screen printing on paper and cotton fabric. The colors of the prints made with different dye extracts varied between more or less intense brownish-yellow hues, with the exception of the dye extracts in methanol and ethanol, which gave more brownish-orange hues. All prints showed excellent resistance to rubbing on cotton fabrics as well as to wet ironing. The light fastness of prints made with inks containing dyes extracted from all organic solvents was very good. Good wash fastness of prints on cotton fabrics was only achieved with inks made with dyes extracted in propanol and dichloromethane. The ink made from the dye extracted in propanol proved to be the best choice for printing on cotton fabric due to its uniform, intense, and resilient prints, while the inks made from the dyes extracted in distilled water and ethanol were also a good choice for printing on paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Janus Fabric Sweat Glucose Sensors for Unidirectional Liquid Collection and In Situ Electrochemical Detection.
- Author
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Wu, Zhenting, Liu, Ruifang, Yin, Chaoyi, and Ba, Long
- Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors can noninvasively, in real time, and continuously monitor various physiological markers in sweat at the molecular level, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of health management, healthcare, and clinical diagnosis. However, effective sweat sampling remains a great challenge. Here, we prepared Janus fabric sweat glucose sensors, which were made by electrospinning hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) on a super hydrophilic gauze that can unidirectionally transport sweat from the skin (hydrophobic side) to the electrode (hydrophilic side). The screen-printed electrode modified by glucose oxidase has a good linear response to glucose. On-body experiments show that the sensor can detect glucose levels in sweat in real-time. The Janus fabric glucose sensor with its in situ monitoring capability and unidirectional liquid transport, and requires very low production costs, is expected to facilitate the development of smart textile sensors, opening new possibilities for exploring precise and controllable platforms for body fluid collection and sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 高温共烧陶瓷封装外壳生瓷加工精度的控制.
- Author
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王 灿, 淦作腾, 张世伟, 韩永年, 李庆民, and 张家豪
- Abstract
Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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34. Efficient surface defect detection in industrial screen printing with minimized labeling effort.
- Author
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Krassnig, Paul Josef, Haselmann, Matthias, Kremnitzer, Michael, and Gruber, Dieter Paul
- Subjects
- *
SCREEN process printing , *INSPECTION & review , *SURFACE defects , *LABEL printing , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
As part of the evolving Industry 4.0 landscape, machine learning-based visual inspection plays a key role in enhancing production efficiency. Screen printing, a versatile and cost-effective manufacturing technique, is widely applied in industries like electronics, textiles, and automotive. However, the production of complex multilayered designs is error-prone, resulting in a variety of defect appearances and classes. These defects can be characterized as small in relation to large sample areas and weakly pronounced. Sufficient defect visualization and robust defect detection methods are essential to address these challenges, especially considering the permitted design variability. In this work, we present a novel automatic visual inspection system for surface defect detection on decorated foil plates. Customized optical modalities, integrated into a sequential inspection procedure, enable defect visualization of production-related defect classes. The introduced patch-wise defect detection methods, designed to leverage less labeled data, prove effective for industrial defect detection, meeting the given process requirements. In this context, we propose an industry-applicable and scalable data preprocessing workflow that minimizes the overall labeling effort while maintaining high detection performance, as known in supervised settings. Moreover, the presented methods, not relying on any labeled defective training data, outperformed a state-of-the-art unsupervised anomaly detection method in terms of defect detection performance and inference speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Fabrication of a Porous Copper/Graphite/Zirconium Oxide Hybrid Anode via Screen Printing for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
- Author
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Kim, Tae Yang, Im, Chae Yoon, Choi, Jeong Ho, Gu, Dongeun, Yoon, Sukeun, Kim, Un‐Hyuck, and Kim, Suk Jun
- Subjects
- *
SCREEN process printing , *ZIRCONIUM oxide , *LITHIUM-ion batteries , *ANODES , *GRAPHITE , *COPPER , *IMPRINTED polymers - Abstract
Redesigning anode structures in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) has been a focus of research aimed at surpassing the energy density of conventional LIBs. Although anode‐free LIBs present a promising architecture, their low Coulombic efficiency is a major drawback. This paper introduces a novel hybrid anode that integrates the current collector (CC) and active materials into a single, cohesive porous structure, which supports both de/intercalation and de/plating reactions. The hybrid anode consists of a porous Cu matrix with embedded ZrO2 powders and graphite; the quantity of graphite is only a third of that present in a traditional graphite anode. The porous structure and additives enhance the electrochemical performance of the hybrid anode by minimizing the Li–electrolyte interactions, forming a stable solid–electrolyte interface and Li4Zr3O8 passivation layer, and reducing the nucleation overpotential. Especially, the unique surface morphology, characterized by a negative curvature between sintered Cu particles, lowers the diffusion potential, which further reduces the nucleation overpotential. Additionally, the periodic mesh‐imprinted top surface, created via screen printing, promotes uniform Li plating. The results demonstrate that the cycling performance and energy density offered by the fabricated hybrid anode are superior to those of conventional graphite anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Formulation and optimization of copper selenide/PANI hybrid screen printing ink for enhancing the power factor of flexible thermoelectric generator: A synergetic approach.
- Author
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Nayak, Ramakrishna, Shetty, Prakasha, M, Selvakumar, Rao, Ashok, K V, Sriram, Wagle, Shivananda, Nayak, Sandeep, Kamath, Vinod, Shetty, Nakul, and Saquib, Mohammad
- Subjects
- *
THERMOELECTRIC generators , *SCREEN process printing , *PRINTING ink , *POLYANILINES , *COPPER , *SEEBECK coefficient , *POWER density - Abstract
The stunning thermoelectric behavior of inorganic/organic hybrids and the lack of information on screen-printed flexible thermoelectric generators based on Cu 3 Se 2 and Polyaniline for low-temperature applications have motivated this work. The synergic influence of various acid dopants, concentration, and annealing temperature of polyaniline on the power density of Cu 3 Se 2 /PANI ink-based flexible thermoelectric generator is explored. The presence of 1.5 wt% of H 2 SO 4 -PANI, annealed at 60 °C, decreased the bandgap and electrical resistance of Cu 3 Se 2 by 11.96 % and 29.4 %, respectively. As a result, an increase of 46.06 % in the Seebeck coefficient and 242 % in the power output is achieved, which is many folds higher than the few reported works using novel materials. In addition, the Cu 3 Se 2 /H 2 SO 4 -PANI ink-based flexible thermoelectric generator with eight legs exhibited a maximum power output, power density, and power factor of 25.69 nW, 23.79 mW/m2, and 0.77 nW/m2K2 at ΔT = 100 °C, respectively under external load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Electrical, Mechanical, and Electromechanical Properties of Screen-Printed Piezoresistive Polydimethylsiloxane with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites.
- Author
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Ali, S. Riyaz, Aditya, A. L. G. N., Megalai, E., Madhukaran, R., Kathirvelan, J., and Rufus, E.
- Subjects
MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes ,ROBOTIC exoskeletons ,PRESSURE sensors ,CARBON nanotubes ,HUMANOID robots ,BIOMEDICAL materials - Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) fillers is a piezoresistive nanocomposite which is conformable, printable, and biocompatible. It is widely employed as a sensing layer in flexible pressure sensors, electronic skin (e-skin) of humanoid robots and as wearable sensors. Piezoresistive nanocomposites show significant increase in their electrical conductivity above a certain percolation threshold. In this work, PDMS + MWCNT-based sensing layers with different nanofiller MWCNT concentrations (2, 4 and 7 wt.%) are screen-printed and their electrical, mechanical, and percolation threshold responses are verified. The static I–V characteristics of the samples for a biasing DC voltage of 0-6 V are studied. The tensile test confirms maximum elongation of more than 50 mm. The change in resistance was minimal for 2 wt.% sample as the MWCNT's are sparsely distributed and no conducting channels are formed; for the 7 wt.% sensing layer, negligible change in resistance was observed as the conducting channels are broken. The highest change in resistance of 2.4 MΩ was observed after the percolation threshold value of 4 wt.% of the nanofiller concentration was reached. Overall, the 4 wt.% screen-printed piezoresistive nanocomposite layer showed highest sensitivity with a gauge factor of 4.76 and a linear response suitable for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Scalable Deposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.
- Author
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Khorasani, Azam, Mohamadkhani, Fateme, Marandi, Maziar, Luo, Huiming, and Abdi‐Jalebi, Mojtaba
- Subjects
SOLAR cells ,METAL halides ,PHYSICAL vapor deposition ,PEROVSKITE ,SCREEN process printing ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly advanced in the new generation of photovoltaic devices. As the demand for energy continues to grow, the pursuit of more stable, highly efficient, and cost‐effective solar cells has intensified in both academic research and the industry. Consequently, the development of scalable fabrication techniques that yield a uniform and dense perovskite absorber layer with optimal crystallization plays a crucial role to enhance stability and higher efficiency of perovskite solar modules. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements, comparison, and future prospects of scalable deposition techniques for perovskite photovoltaics. We discuss various techniques, including solution‐based and physical methods such as blade coating, inkjet printing (IJP), screen printing, slot‐die coating, physical vapor deposition, and spray coating that have been employed for fabrication of perovskite modules. The advantages and challenges associated with these techniques, such as contactless and maskless deposition, scalability, and compatibility with roll‐to‐roll processes, have been thoroughly examined. Finally, the integration of multiple subcells in perovskite solar modules is explored using different scalable deposition techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Pistachio shell-derived carbon dots and their screen-printing formulation for anticounterfeiting applications.
- Author
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Chinmayi, H. D., Ullal, Namratha, Sunil, Dhanya, Kulkarni, Suresh D., Anand, P. J., and Udaya Bhat, K.
- Subjects
SCREEN process printing ,HYDROTHERMAL carbonization ,DATA warehousing ,X-ray diffraction ,PISTACHIO - Abstract
In synergy with constructing a sustainable environment, facile reuse of carbon-rich biowastes as inexpensive precursors for the synthesis of value-added functional carbon dots (CDs) has garnered fruitful outcomes. Pistachio shells comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were successfully utilized as a carbon source for the synthesis of CDs through carbonization and subsequent hydrothermal method. The methanolic fraction with desirable fluorescence in the visible region obtained after column purification of CDs was further characterized using TEM, EDS, SAED, FTIR, XPS, RS, XRD, and TCSPC techniques. The blue and green emitting CDs were used as colorants to prepare a water-based ink for screen printing. The screen prints on UV dull paper substrate exhibited good colorimetric and density values. The UV-induced yellow fluorescence of the ink film can be used as a security feature to authenticate genuine document/products and data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. High-performance VO2/CNT@PANI with core–shell construction enable printable in-planar symmetric supercapacitors.
- Author
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Chen, Cheng, Wei, Shiwen, Zhang, Qiang, Yang, Huijun, Xu, Jiaxin, Chen, Liangzhe, and Liu, Xinghai
- Subjects
- *
SUPERCAPACITORS , *ENERGY density , *CARBON nanotubes , *ENERGY storage , *POWER density , *SCREEN process printing , *WEARABLE technology - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Use of a university two-step strategy to construct 3D VO 2 /CNT@PANI with core–shell architecture. • Taking full advantage of the synergistic effect, the optimal VO 2 /CNT@PANI exhibits superior electrochemical performances. • Fabrication of a full-printable in-planar symmetric supercapacitor with a remarkable areal energy density and cycling life. • Great potential application prospects in the field of portable/wearable electronics. As a progressive electronic energy storage device, the flexible supercapacitor holds tremendous promise for powering wearable/portable electronic products. Of various pseudocapacitor materials, vanadium dioxide (VO 2) has garnered extensive attention due to its impressive theoretical capacitance. However, the challenges of inferior cycling life and lower energy density to be addressed. Herein, we prepare VO 2 nanorods with winding carbon nanotubes (CNT) via a facile solvothermal route, followed by in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) shell. Taking full advantage of the synergistic effect, the VO 2 /CNT@PANI composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 354.2F/g at 0.5 A/g and a long cycling life of ∼ 88.2 % over 5000 cycles resulting from the enhanced conductivity of CNT and stabilization of PANI shell. By screen printing the formulated inks with outstanding rheological behaviours, we manufacture an in-planar VO 2 /CNT@PANI symmetric supercapacitor (VO 2 /CNT@PANI SSC) device featuring an orderly arrangement structure. This device yields a remarkable areal energy density of 99.57 μWh/cm2 at a power density of 387.5 μW/cm2 while retaining approximately ∼ 87.6 % of its initial capacitance after prolonged use. Furthermore, we successfully powered a portable game machine for more than 2 min using two SSCs connected in series with ease. Therefore, this work presents a universal strategy that utilises combination and coating to boost electrochemical performance for flexible high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. All Screen Printed and Flexible Silicon Carbide NTC Thermistors for Temperature Sensing Applications.
- Author
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Wadhwa, Arjun, Benavides-Guerrero, Jaime, Gratuze, Mathieu, Bolduc, Martin, and Cloutier, Sylvain G.
- Subjects
- *
SILICON carbide , *THERMISTORS , *SCREEN process printing , *BEND testing , *TEMPERATURE , *PRINTING ink - Abstract
In this study, Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticle-based serigraphic printing inks were formulated to fabricate highly sensitive and wide temperature range printed thermistors. Inter-digitated electrodes (IDEs) were screen printed onto Kapton® substrate using commercially avaiable silver ink. Thermistor inks with different weight ratios of SiC nanoparticles were printed atop the IDE structures to form fully printed thermistors. The thermistors were tested over a wide temperature range form 25 °C to 170 °C, exhibiting excellent repeatability and stability over 15 h of continuous operation. Optimal device performance was achieved with 30 wt.% SiC-polyimide ink. We report highly sensitive devices with a TCR of −0.556%/°C, a thermal coefficient of 502 K (β -index) and an activation energy of 0.08 eV. Further, the thermistor demonstrates an accuracy of ±1.35 °C, which is well within the range offered by commercially available high sensitivity thermistors. SiC thermistors exhibit a small 6.5% drift due to changes in relative humidity between 10 and 90%RH and a 4.2% drift in baseline resistance after 100 cycles of aggressive bend testing at a 40° angle. The use of commercially available low-cost materials, simplicity of design and fabrication techniques coupled with the chemical inertness of the Kapton® substrate and SiC nanoparticles paves the way to use all-printed SiC thermistors towards a wide range of applications where temperature monitoring is vital for optimal system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Thermoelectric properties and microscopic characterization of Hf doped indium oxide thick film thermocouples screen printed on alumina substrates.
- Author
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Wang, Weifeng, Dong, Helei, Wang, Mengzhu, Cheng, Long, Zhen, Chengwei, Tan, Qiulin, and Xiong, Jijun
- Subjects
- *
CERAMICS , *THERMOELECTRIC materials , *THICK films , *SCREEN process printing , *INDIUM oxide , *OXIDE coating - Abstract
The ITHfO slurry was prepared by doping HfO 2 into ITO, and In 2 O 3 -ITHfO thermocouples were fabricated using screen printing on Al 2 O 3 ceramic substrates. These thermocouples exhibit a temperature limit of 1600 ℃. Post-annealing at 1250 °C resulted in more crystalline films with increased particle size. During this process, Sn2+ in the films oxidised to Sn4+, and the valence of Hf increased. The high-temperature volatilisation of Sn led to a decrease in carrier concentration. However, Hf4+ can substitute for In3+, thereby providing a free electron. This substitution mitigates the reduction in carrier concentration and enhances the upper-temperature measurement capability of the thermocouple. These experimental findings offer a novel approach to doping ITO, aimed at improving the electrical performance of ceramic thermocouples. • Preparation of In 2 O 3 /ITHfO thermocouples by doping HfO 2 in ITO to test electrical performance. • In 2 O 3 /ITHfO thermocouple have a high temperature limit of 1600 ℃. • The temperature drift of In 2 O 3 /ITHfO thermocouples is smaller than that of ordinary In 2 O 3 -ITO thermocouples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Fully Screen‐Printed, Flexible, and Scalable Organic Monolithic Thermoelectric Generators.
- Author
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Brunetti, Irene, Ferrari, Federico, Pataki, Nathan James, Abdolhosseinzadeh, Sina, Heier, Jakob, Koster, L. Jan Anton, Lemmer, Ulrich, Kemerink, Martijn, and Caironi, Mario
- Subjects
- *
THERMOELECTRIC generators , *ELECTRONIC equipment , *CONDUCTIVE ink , *THERMOELECTRIC materials , *ELECTRIC power , *POWER density , *THERMOELECTRIC apparatus & appliances - Abstract
Energy‐harvesting technologies offer a sustainable, maintenance‐free alternative to conventional energy‐storage solutions in distributed low‐power applications. Flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can generate electric power from a temperature gradient, even on complex surfaces. Organic materials are ideal candidates for flexible TEGs due to their good solution‐processability, natural abundance, low weight, and flexibility. Electronic and thermoelectric properties of organic materials have steadily progressed, while device architectures leveraging their advantages are largely missing. Here, a design and fabrication method are proposed for producing fully screen‐printed, flexible monolithic organic TEGs scalable up to m2, compatible with any screen‐printable ink. This approach is validated, along with its scalability, by printing TEGs composed of two different active inks, in three configurations, with up to 800 thermoelements, with performances well matching simulations based on materials parameters. It is demonstrated that by using an additive‐free graphene ink, a remarkable power density of 15 nW cm−2 at ΔT = 29.5 K can be achieved, with an estimated weight‐normalized power output of 1 µW g−1, highlighting a strong potential in portability. Owing to such power density, only limited areas are required to generate microwatts, sufficient for operating low‐power electronic devices such as sensors, and wearables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Microstructures and properties of the conductor and dielectric thick films prepared by 3D printing - laser sintering.
- Author
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WANG Zhiwei, LIU Junfu, ZHANG Jing, and TANG Wenming
- Subjects
THICK films ,SELECTIVE laser sintering ,LASER sintering ,THREE-dimensional printing ,3-D films ,HYBRID integrated circuits ,CERAMICS ,DIELECTRIC films - Abstract
In order to expand the application of 3D printing technology to the thick-film hybrid integrated circuits and to improve sintering efficiency of the thick films, four kinds of thick films including three conductor films and a dielectric film were prepared via 3D direct printing followed by laser sintering. Subsequently, microstructures and properties of the obtained films were compared with those of the thick films fabricated by commonly-used screen printing & high-temperature furnace sintering. The results show that the thick conductor and dielectric films produced by using the common method exhibit fine microstructures and good properties. In contrast, the thick conductor films prepared by the 3D direct printing & laser sintering are flat and continuous with a uniform thickness and good welding performance, but the density of the films is not large enough to ensure acceptable adhesion and square resistance. The relative density of the thick dielectric film is much lower than those of the thick conductor films. As a result, the insulation performance of the thick dielectric film does not meet the standard requirements. Overall, it is feasible to prepare the thick conductor/dielectric films via 3D direct writing, but the laser sintering parameters should be optimized to fulfill sintering densification of the thick films, and further to improve their bonding strengths with the ceramic substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
45. Aqueous Conductive Polymer Composites with Good Printability and Conductivity for Flexible Electronics.
- Author
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Lu, Yunfei, Wang, Yuxin, Qi, Xue, Lv, Hao, Yin, Ao, Liu, Haipeng, Yu, Suzhu, Zhao, Weiwei, and Wei, Jun
- Subjects
FLEXIBLE electronics ,CONDUCTING polymer composites ,CONDUCTING polymers ,PRINTED circuits ,RAPID prototyping ,RADIO frequency identification systems - Abstract
Printed conductive polymer composites allow for the bespoke manufacture of products with complicated geometries, which is critical for rapid prototyping and adaptability of flexible electrical devices. However, it is still challenging to prepare environmentally friendly and sustainable conductive polymer composites with aqueous solvent systems which accomplish excellent printing and electromechanical properties at the same time. In this work, the effect of composite components on performance was explored, and orthogonal tests were utilized to discover the precise formulation of new green aqueous conductive polymer composites with superior performance. The printing accuracy of the conductive polymer composites was enhanced (printed circuit burrs less than 20 μm) and the dependability of the printed circuits as well as the failure mechanism during electrochemical migration (ECM) were thoroughly investigated. As a proof of concept, ultrahigh frequency (UHF) flexible linearly polarized antennae with read range forward surpassing 10 m was designed and printed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Preparation of ZnO Thick Films Activated with UV-LED for Efficient H 2 S Gas Sensing.
- Author
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Martínez-Pacheco, Claudio, Cervantes-López, José Luis, López-Guemez, Antonia del Rocío, López-Rodríguez, Angélica Silvestre, Sifuentes-Gallardo, Pio, Díaz-Guillen, Juan Carlos, and Díaz-Flores, Laura Lorena
- Subjects
THICK films ,ZINC oxide films ,SUBSTRATES (Materials science) ,SURFACE roughness ,CRYSTAL structure ,ENERGY bands - Abstract
In this work, ZnO thick films were synthesized via two simple and easy methods, mechanochemical synthesis and screen-printing deposition. The ZnO powders were obtained through milling at low temperature with milling times of 20, 40, and 60 min. The ZnO thick films were fabricated by depositing 10 cycles of ZnO inks onto glass substrates. The characterization of ZnO thick films revealed a thickness ranging from 4.9 to 5.4 µm with a surface roughness between 85 and 88 nm. The structural analysis confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure of ZnO, both in powders and in thick films, with a preferred orientation on the (002) and (101) planes. Nanostructures with sizes ranging from 36 to 46 nm were observed, exhibiting irregular agglomerated shapes, with an energy band found between 2.77 and 3.02 eV. A static experimental set up was fabricated for gas sensing tests with continuous UV-LED illumination. The ZnO thick films, well adhered to the glass substrate, demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity to H
2 S gas under continuous UV-LED illumination at low operating temperatures ranging from 35 to 80 °C. The sensitivity was directly proportional, ranging from 3.93% to 22.40%, when detecting H2 S gas concentrations from 25 to 600 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Cost‐Effective Conductive Paste for Radiofrequency Devices Using Carbon‐Based Materials
- Author
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Nicola Curreli, Claudia Dessì, Matteo B. Lodi, Andrea Melis, Marco Simone, Nicola Melis, Luca Pilia, Davide Guarnera, Loreto Di Donato, Alessandro Fanti, Massimiliano Grosso, and Francesco Desogus
- Subjects
carbon‐based pastes ,high‐reactivity carbon mixtures ,printed antennas ,radio frequencies ,screen printing ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
With the increasing demand for compact, lightweight, cost‐effective, and high‐performance radiofrequency (RF) devices, the development of low‐profile antennas becomes crucial. This article presents a study of a novel carbon–cellulose‐based paste intended for screen printing RF devices. The investigation specifically explores the application of high‐reactivity carbon mixture (HRCM) particles as conductive fillers. The results demonstrate that optimal electrical conductivity values and discrete electromagnetic dipole performances can be achieved at lower concentrations of solid conductive material compared to conventional pastes, for similar applications. This offers benefits in terms of total cost, material consumption, and environmental impact. The paste formulation showcases a complex non‐Newtonian behavior, where yielding flow and thixotropicity are found to be independent and dependent on preshear conditions, respectively. This behavior can be attributed to the network orientation and rearrangement of filler structures within the paste system, which in turn are responsible for filler pattern uniformity and overall printing quality. Compared to traditional conductive materials, HRCM pastes are proven to be a viable alternative for RF devices fabrication, including printed Wi‐Fi antennas.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Screen Printing Method for Conductive Textiles
- Author
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Visileanu, Emilia, Ene, Gabriela Alexandra, Grosu, Marian Catalin, Mihilescu, Bogdan, Vladu, Alina Florentina, Memon, Hafeezullah, Series Editor, Midha, Vinay, editor, Rosunee, S., editor, and Sukigara, Sachiko, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Development of a Biobased Conductive Ink Formulation and Its Application Through Screen Printing for Electronic Textile Development
- Author
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Batine, Assia, Boumegnane, Abdelkrim, Nadi, Ayoub, Cherkaoui, Omar, Tahiri, Mohamed, Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Babay, Amel, editor, Cheriaa, Rim, editor, and Zouari, Riadh, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Fundamentals of Biosensors
- Author
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Shahat, Fatma M., Youssef, Donia G., Sayed, Fatma E., Elbadry, Abdullah M. M., Fouad, Farida Ah., Mohammed, Mona Saeed, Elsaadani, Moez, Ali, Gomaa A. M., editor, Chong, Kwok Feng, editor, and Makhlouf, Abdel Salam H., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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