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Background: General practitioners (GPs) face quantitative and qualitative changes in patient demand and doctor shortages., Objectives: To investigate how GPs cope with doctor shortage issues., Materials and Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys of a representative panel of 1530 GPs in 2019 and 2022 about their perceptions of physician shortages, working hours worked (WHW), and adaptive behaviors. Hierarchical clustering enabled identification of profiles with different adaptation patterns. Multiple Poisson or logistic regression models studied associations between GPs' profiles and professional characteristics., Results: 87.4 % of GPs applied at least one adaptation to control patients' healthcare demand. 24 % adopted task-shifting while their average WHW decreased by 3.6 h between 2019 and 2022. Four GP profiles were identified. "Low adapters/low workload" and "Low adapters/high workload" (25 % of the sample each) reported 2.4 adaptive measures: 75.5 % refused to be new patients' preferred doctor in the former group (vs 5.1 %). "High adapters/unchanged consultations" (30.7 %) and "High adapters/shortened consultations" (18.9 %) reported 4.8 and 6.1 adaptations, respectively. They were more likely to practice in medically underserved areas., Conclusion: These results call into question GPs' gatekeeper role in the French healthcare system. Moreover, the marked reduction in WHW in underserved areas is likely to exacerbate their uneven distribution nationwide. Encouraging vertical integration between HCPs while enhancing cooperation and task-shifting is probably a pathway toward improving the relative GP shortage., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Due to a decades-long crisis of confidence in vaccination, in 2017 France extended the number of mandatory early childhood vaccines from 3 to 11., Aims: To describe the opinions of hospital staff physicians (HSPs) regarding this measure, quantify the proportion who would have preferred measures based on education, and study the factors associated with the latter opinion., Methods: Cross-sectional nationwide survey with a standardized questionnaire in 2018-2019 among HSPs in 14 French public hospitals. The factors associated with HSPs' preference for education and persuasion over mandatory vaccination were analyzed with simple and multiple Poisson regressions., Results: The analyses included 1,795 HSPs (participation rate of 86%). Among them, 84% considered the extension of mandatory childhood vaccination essential given the epidemiological context at the time; in a later question, 40% would have preferred education and persuasion. Multiple regressions showed that the latter tended to be younger and less trustful of sources of information about vaccination. They were more likely to think that information on the rationale behind the national vaccination policy lacked clarity and that the extension of mandatory vaccines was not essential, even in the current epidemiologic situation., Conclusion: Although most HSPs agreed that the extension of mandatory childhood vaccines was essential, some were ambivalent about its coercive philosophy. Further research is necessary to better understand the reasons of this ambivalence. A fraction did not understand the French vaccination strategy well. Efforts to explain its details to HSPs and an overhaul of their initial training on vaccination are still needed.

We assessed whether the a priori acceptance by French general practitioners (GPs) of COVID-19 vaccines changed after the announcements about them in November 2020. In all, between two surveys in October-November and in November-December 2020, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines increased among 16.9% of GPs and decreased among 23.0%. Among those with high acceptance in October-November (52.5%), 11.6% became hesitant-reluctant in November-December; in those with initial hesitancy-reluctance (24.6%), 15.2% showed high acceptance. Deteriorating acceptance was significantly associated with GPs' distrust in the Ministry of Health and a priori concerns about the safety of vaccines developed during an epidemic; the reverse was found for improving acceptance. In addition, better acceptance was more likely among GPs who perceived the medical severity of COVID-19 to be high and was less common among women. During a severe pandemic, GPs' trust in health institutions and perception of safety issues remain important predictors of their attitudes toward new vaccines. Vigilance is needed regarding health professionals' reactions to events that may cast doubt on the safety or efficacy of certain COVID-19 vaccines. Personalized approaches should be considered and tested to address their concerns as the situation and knowledge evolve.

Online surveys of health professionals have become increasingly popular during the COVID-19 crisis because of their ease, speed of implementation, and low cost. This article leverages an online survey of general practitioners' (GPs') attitudes toward the soon-to-be-available COVID-19 vaccines, implemented in October-November 2020 (before the COVID-19 vaccines were authorized in France), to study the evolution of the distribution of their demographic and professional characteristics and opinions about these vaccines, as the survey fieldwork progressed, as reminders were sent out to encourage them to participate. Focusing on the analysis of the potential determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, we also tested if factors related to survey participation biased the association estimates. Our results show that online surveys of health professionals may be subject to significant selection bias that can have a significant impact on estimates of the prevalence of some of these professionals' behavioral, opinion, or attitude variables. Our results also highlight the effectiveness of reminder strategies in reaching hard-to-reach professionals and reducing these biases. Finally, they indicate that weighting for nonparticipation remains indispensable and that methods exist for testing (and correcting) selection biases.

A second epidemic has appeared among some patients infected with COVID-19 persistent disorders, commonly called "long COVID syndrome." Our study sought to identify the proportion of French GPs dealing with patients with potential long COVID syndrome and their symptoms in an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among a representative national panel of GPs. The majority (53.8%) reported at least 1 patient with COVID-19 and persistent symptoms, and 33% 2 or more such patients. Their most frequent symptoms were respiratory difficulties (60.6%), psychological distress (42.8%), and anosmia-dysgeusia (40.8%). Long COVID syndrome's recognition, management, and rehabilitation are priorities requiring effective coordination between primary and secondary care., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None., (© Copyright 2021 by the American Board of Family Medicine.)

Background: Healthcare professionals, because they recommend vaccines to their patients, answer their questions, and vaccinate them, are the cornerstone of vaccination in France. They can nonetheless be affected by vaccine hesitancy (VH)., Aims: We sought to study the opinions, practices, and perceptions of French hospital staff physicians (HSPs) toward vaccination and the prevalence and correlates of VH among them., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 14 public hospitals in France from September 2018 to October 2019. HSPs completed a standardized questionnaire -most of the time face-to-face - about their vaccine-related attitudes and practices. Data were weighted for age and sex. An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the HSPs' perceptions and opinions toward vaccination allowed us to identify vaccine-hesitant HSPs, and multiple Poisson regression with robust standard errors let us study the factors associated with VH., Results: The study included 1,795 HSPs (participation rate: 86%). Almost all (93.7%) were strongly favorable to vaccination, even though 42.2% (95CI = 39.8-44.6) showed moderate VH. VH prevalence was lowest among infectious disease specialists (12.3%; 95CI = 6.7-21.3) and pediatricians (27.7%; 95CI = 21.4-35.2). Hesitant HSPs were less trustful of vaccination information sources and doubted the safety of vaccines more often than HSPs with almost no VH. Compared with non-hesitant HSPs, those with higher VH had less often taken a medical course about vaccination and were less likely to be vaccinated against seasonal influenza, to recommend vaccines to their patients and to try to convince vaccine-hesitant patients to be vaccinated., Conclusions: Strong favorability to vaccination does not prevent VH, which was observed in most specialties. Interventions are required to help hesitant HSPs to adopt more proactive vaccination practices., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

France has been at the epicenter of the worldwide debate about hydroxychloroquine, as the main advocacy for its use to treat COVID-19 comes from a research unit led by Didier Raoult in Marseille. Among a national panel of 2940 general practitioners, we found that physicians in the areas most strongly affected by the epidemic or closest to the epicenter of the controversy reported that the hydroxychloroquine debate had made it difficult for them to deal with patients' treatment requests. Their adherence to official recommendations was also lower. It will be necessary to examine the conditions producing so strong a conflict., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.)

In October and November 2020, we conducted a survey of 2,678 healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in general population immunisation in France, French-speaking Belgium and Quebec, Canada to assess acceptance of future COVID-19 vaccines (i.e. willingness to receive or recommend these) and its determinants. Of the HCWs, 48.6% (n = 1,302) showed high acceptance, 23.0% (n = 616) moderate acceptance and 28.4% (n = 760) hesitancy/reluctance. Hesitancy was mostly driven by vaccine safety concerns. These must be addressed before/during upcoming vaccination campaigns.

Background: Despite seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) being recommended to healthcare professionals to protect themselves and their patients, uptake is low, especially among nurses. We sought to study self-vaccination behaviours, attitudes and knowledge about SIV among nurses in Southeastern France., Methods: A cross-sectional survey with community and hospital-based hospital nurses was conducted with the same standardised questionnaire. Multi-model averaging approaches studied factors associated with the following dependent variables: self-reported SIV uptake; and considering SIV a professional responsibility., Results: 1539 nurses completed the questionnaire (response rate: 85%). SIV was the most frequently cited vaccine (49%) regarding nurses' unfavourable opinions towards specific vaccines. Thirty-four percent of nurses reported being vaccinated at least once during the 2015-2016 or 2016-2017 seasons. A lack of perceived personal vulnerability to influenza, a fear of adverse effects, and a preference for homeopathy constituted the main deterrents of SIV. Nurses held various misconceptions about the SIV, but 69% considered its benefits to be greater than its risks. The multi-model averaging approach showed that considering SIV as a professional responsibility was the main factor associated with SIV uptake among nurses (Nagelkerke's partial R-squared: 15%). This sense of responsibility was strongly associated with trust in various vaccine information sources., Conclusion: Nurses had low SIV uptake rates and held various concerns and a lack of knowledge surrounding the vaccine. This is concerning considering the impact that these factors can have on nurses and patients' health, especially considering the increased role that nurses could have surrounding SIV in the near future.