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1. Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s

Author

MacDougall, Andrew S., Esch, Ellen, Chen, Qingqing, Carroll, Oliver, Bonner, Colin, Ohlert, Timothy, Siewert, Matthias, Sulik, John, Schweiger, Anna K., Borer, Elizabeth T., Naidu, Dilip, Bagchi, Sumanta, Hautier, Yann, Wilfahrt, Peter, Larson, Keith, Olofsson, Johan, Cleland, Elsa, Muthukrishnan, Ranjan, O’Halloran, Lydia, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bruschetti, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., D’Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Elgersma, Kenneth, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Estrada, Catalina, Fay, Philip A., Feng, Yanhao, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hersch-Green, Erika, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laanisto, Lauri, Lannes, Lucíola S., Laungani, Ramesh, Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg, Macek, Petr, Martina, Jason P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Muraina, Taofeek O., Niu, Yujie, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Smith, Nicholas G., Sonnier, Grégory, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle, Tognetti, Pedro, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Waring, Elizabeth, Wolf, Amelia A., Yahdjian, Laura, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2024
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4. Author Correction: Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s

Author

MacDougall, Andrew S., Esch, Ellen, Chen, Qingqing, Carroll, Oliver, Bonner, Colin, Ohlert, Timothy, Siewert, Matthias, Sulik, John, Schweiger, Anna K., Borer, Elizabeth T., Naidu, Dilip, Bagchi, Sumanta, Hautier, Yann, Wilfahrt, Peter, Larson, Keith, Olofsson, Johan, Cleland, Elsa, Muthukrishnan, Ranjan, O’Halloran, Lydia, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bruschetti, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., D’Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Elgersma, Kenneth, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Estrada, Catalina, Fay, Philip A., Feng, Yanhao, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hersch-Green, Erika, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laanisto, Lauri, Lannes, Lucíola S., Laungani, Ramesh, Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg, Macek, Petr, Martina, Jason P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Muraina, Taofeek O., Niu, Yujie, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Smith, Nicholas G., Sonnier, Grégory, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle, Tognetti, Pedro, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Waring, Elizabeth, Wolf, Amelia A., Yahdjian, Laura, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2024
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5. Nitrogen increases early‐stage and slows late‐stage decomposition across diverse grasslands

Author

Gill, Allison L, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buyarski, Christopher R, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla M, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Harpole, W Stanley, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Wright, Justin P, Yang, Louie H, and Hobbie, Sarah E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Prevention, grasslands, litter decomposition, nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, Nutrient Network, phosphorus, Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract

To evaluate how increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs alter carbon cycling in grasslands, we conducted a litter decomposition study across 20 temperate grasslands on three continents within the Nutrient Network, a globally distributed nutrient enrichment experiment We determined the effects of addition of experimental nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium plus micronutrient (Kμ) on decomposition of a common tree leaf litter in a long-term study (maximum of 7 years; exact deployment period varied across sites). The use of higher order decomposition models allowed us to distinguish between the effects of nutrients on early- versus late-stage decomposition. Across continents, the addition of N (but not other nutrients) accelerated early-stage decomposition and slowed late-stage decomposition, increasing the slowly decomposing fraction by 28% and the overall litter mean residence time by 58%. Synthesis. Using a novel, long-term cross-site experiment, we found widespread evidence that N enhances the early stages of above-ground plant litter decomposition across diverse and widespread temperate grassland sites but slows late-stage decomposition. These findings were corroborated by fitting the data to multiple decomposition models and have implications for N effects on soil organic matter formation. For example, following N enrichment, increased microbial processing of litter substrates early in decomposition could promote the production and transfer of low molecular weight compounds to soils and potentially enhance the stabilization of mineral-associated organic matter. By contrast, by slowing late-stage decomposition, N enrichment could promote particulate organic matter (POM) accumulation. Such hypotheses deserve further testing.

Published
2022

7. Drivers of soil microbial and detritivore activity across global grasslands

Author

Siebert, Julia, Sünnemann, Marie, Hautier, Yann, Risch, Anita C., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Blumenthal, Dana M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa, Davies, Kendi F., Eskelinen, Anu, Hagenah, Nicole, Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Zimmermann, Stephan, and Eisenhauer, Nico

Published
2023
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8. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate

Author

Spohn, Marie, Bagchi, Sumanta, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Knops, Johannes M. H., Koerner, Sally E., Laanisto, Lauri, Lekberg, Ylva, Martina, Jason P., Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Macek, Petr, Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Yahdjian, Laura

Published
2023
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9. Multidimensional responses of grassland stability to eutrophication

Author

Chen, Qingqing, Wang, Shaopeng, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Seabloom, Eric W., Harpole, W. Stanley, Eisenhauer, Nico, Lekberg, Ylva, Buckley, Yvonne M., Catford, Jane A., Roscher, Christiane, Donohue, Ian, Power, Sally A., Daleo, Pedro, Ebeling, Anne, Knops, Johannes M. H., Martina, Jason P., Eskelinen, Anu, Morgan, John W., Risch, Anita C., Caldeira, Maria C., Bugalho, Miguel N., Virtanen, Risto, Barrio, Isabel C., Niu, Yujie, Jentsch, Anke, Stevens, Carly J., Gruner, Daniel S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Alberti, Juan, and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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10. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, Timothy L., Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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11. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Sitters, Judith, Wubs, ER Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes MH, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, GF Ciska

Subjects
Climate Action, carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, Nutrient Network, soil microorganisms, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

13. Long-term N-addition alters the community structure of functionally important N-cycling soil microorganisms across global grasslands

Author

Frey, Beat, Moser, Barbara, Tytgat, Bjorn, Zimmermann, Stephan, Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Hautier, Yann, MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Nepel, Maximilian, Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Vázquez, Eduardo, Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, and Risch, Anita C.

Published
2023
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14. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022
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15. Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents

Author

Vázquez, Eduardo, Schleuss, Per-Marten, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Price, Jodi, Richards, Anna E., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle J., Virtanen, Risto, and Spohn, Marie

Published
2022
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16. Belowground Biomass Response to Nutrient Enrichment Depends on Light Limitation Across Globally Distributed Grasslands

Author

Cleland, Elsa E, Lind, Eric M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, DeLorenze, Elizabeth, Wilkins, Rachel Abbott, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brown, Cynthia S, Davies, Kendi F, Esch, Ellen, Firn, Jennifer, Gressard, Scott, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes, Kopp, Christopher W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Moore, Joslin L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, Borer, Elizabeth T, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
belowground biomass, fertilization, nitrogen, Nutrient Network, optimal allocation, phosphorus, roots, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Published
2019

17. Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M, Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M, Borer, Elizabeth T, Seabloom, Eric W, La Pierre, Kimberly J, MacDougall, Andrew M, Prober, Suzanne M, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren L, Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H, Morgan, John W, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P, Adler, Peter B, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur AD, Brown, Cynthia S, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Cleland, Elsa E, Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L, Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D, Wragg, Peter D, and Risch, Anita C

Subjects
Grassland, Magnoliopsida, Nutrients, Plant Leaves, Plant Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

Leaf traits are frequently measured in ecology to provide a 'common currency' for predicting how anthropogenic pressures impact ecosystem function. Here, we test whether leaf traits consistently respond to experimental treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents. We find that specific leaf area (leaf area per unit mass)-a commonly measured morphological trait inferring shifts between plant growth strategies-did not respond to up to four years of soil nutrient additions. Leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased in response to the addition of each respective soil nutrient. We found few significant changes in leaf traits when vertebrate herbivores were excluded in the short-term. Leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations were positively correlated with species turnover, suggesting that interspecific trait variation was a significant predictor of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but not of leaf phosphorus concentration. Climatic conditions and pretreatment soil nutrient levels also accounted for significant amounts of variation in the leaf traits measured. Overall, we find that leaf morphological traits, such as specific leaf area, are not appropriate indicators of plant response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.

Published
2019

18. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity

Author

Wilfahrt, Peter A., Asmus, Ashley L., Seabloom, Eric W., Henning, Jeremiah A., Adler, Peter, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Brudvig, Lars A., Cadotte, Marc, Daleo, Pedro, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Kirkman, Kevin P., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mortensen, Brent, Hueso, Raul Ochoa, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Shoemaker, Lauren, Stevens, Carly, Strauss, Alexander T., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

20. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide

Author

Tognetti, Pedro M., Prober, Suzanne M., Báez, Selene, Chaneton, Enrique J., Firn, Jennifer, Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna K., Yahdjian, Laura, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Daleo, Pedro, Dwyer, John M., Fay, Philip A., Gherardi, Laureano A., Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Komatsu, Kimberly J., McCulley, Rebecca L., Price, Jodi N., Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Wragg, Peter D., and Sankaran, Mahesh

Published
2021

22. Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities.

Author

Morton, Joseph A., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Biedermann, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T., Brudvig, Lars A., Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Davies, Kendi, Donohue, Ian, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Estrada, Catalina, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L., Raynaud, Xavier, Roscher, Christiane, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Subjects
GENOME size, PLANT genomes, PLANT diversity, PLANT size, PLANT growth
Abstract

Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically, plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size-dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities. We found that after nitrogen treatment, species with larger genomes generally increased more in cover compared to those with smaller genomes, potentially due to a release from nutrient limitation. Responses were strongest for C3 grasses and in less seasonal, low precipitation environments, indicating that genome size effects on water-use-efficiency modulates genome size–nutrient interactions. Cumulatively, the data suggest that genome size is informative and improves predictions of species' success in grassland communities. Previous work has shown that plants with larger genomes tend to grow faster under nutrient enrichment than those with smaller genomes, but how universal is this effect? A study of data from 27 diverse coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments suggests that genome size is indeed informative and improves predictions of species' success in grassland communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilisation.

Author

Hodapp, Dorothee, Borer, Elizabeth T, Harpole, W Stanley, Lind, Eric M, Seabloom, Eric W, Adler, Peter B, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Cadotte, Marc, Cleland, Elsa E, Collins, Scott, Fay, Philip A, Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Iribarne, Oscar, Knops, Johannes MH, McCulley, Rebecca L, MacDougall, Andrew, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Mortensen, Brent, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Peri, Pablo, Stevens, Carly J, Wright, Justin, and Hillebrand, Helmut

Subjects
Plants, Biodiversity, Herbivory, Beta diversity, Nutrient Network, diversity, fertilisation, grassland, nitrogen, spatial heterogeneity, species composition, temporal turnover, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change - fertilisation and herbivore loss - are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilisation led to higher rates of local extinction, whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.

Published
2018

24. Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time

Author

Seabloom, Eric W., Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Biederman, Lori, Buckley, Yvonne M., Cadotte, Marc W., Collins, Scott L., Dee, Laura, Fay, Philip A., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, Nicole, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Hobbie, Sarah E., Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M. H., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Laungani, Ramesh, MacDougall, Andrew, McCulley, Rebecca L., L. Moore, Joslin, Morgan, John W., Ohlert, Timothy, Prober, Suzanne M., Risch, Anita C., Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J., and Borer, Elizabeth T.

Published
2021

31. Drivers of seedling establishment success in dryland restoration efforts

Author

Shackelford, Nancy, Paterno, Gustavo B., Winkler, Daniel E., Erickson, Todd E., Leger, Elizabeth A., Svejcar, Lauren N., Breed, Martin F., Faist, Akasha M., Harrison, Peter A., Curran, Michael F., Guo, Qinfeng, Kirmer, Anita, Law, Darin J., Mganga, Kevin Z., Munson, Seth M., Porensky, Lauren M., Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Török, Péter, Wainwright, Claire E., Abdullahi, Ali, Bahm, Matt A., Ballenger, Elizabeth A., Barger, Nichole, Baughman, Owen W., Becker, Carina, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Boyd, Chad S., Burton, Carla M., Burton, Philip J., Calleja, Eman, Carrick, Peter J., Caruana, Alex, Clements, Charlie D., Davies, Kirk W., Deák, Balázs, Drake, Jessica, Dullau, Sandra, Eldridge, Joshua, Espeland, Erin, Farrell, Hannah L., Fick, Stephen E., Garbowski, Magda, de la Riva, Enrique G., Golos, Peter J., Grey, Penelope A., Heydenrych, Barry, Holmes, Patricia M., James, Jeremy J., Jonas-Bratten, Jayne, Kiss, Réka, Kramer, Andrea T., Larson, Julie E., Lorite, Juan, Mayence, C. Ellery, Merino-Martín, Luis, Miglécz, Tamás, Milton, Suanne Jane, Monaco, Thomas A., Montalvo, Arlee M., Navarro-Cano, Jose A., Paschke, Mark W., Peri, Pablo Luis, Pokorny, Monica L., Rinella, Matthew J., Saayman, Nelmarie, Schantz, Merilynn C., Parkhurst, Tina, Seabloom, Eric W., Stuble, Katharine L., Uselman, Shauna M., Valkó, Orsolya, Veblen, Kari, Wilson, Scott, Wong, Megan, Xu, Zhiwei, and Suding, Katharine L.

Published
2021
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32. Change in functional trait diversity mediates the effects of nutrient addition on grassland stability.

Author

Chen, Qingqing, Wang, Shaopeng, Seabloom, Eric W., Isbell, Forest, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bakker, Jonathan D., Bharath, Siddharth, Roscher, Christiane, Peri, Pablo Luis, Power, Sally A., Donohue, Ian, Stevens, Carly, Ebeling, Anne, Nogueira, Carla, Caldeira, Maria C., MacDougall, Andrew S., Moore, Joslin L., Bagchi, Sumanta, Jentsch, Anke, and Tedder, Michelle

Subjects
CLIMATE extremes, PLANT diversity, SPECIES diversity, BIOMASS production, RAINFALL
Abstract

Nutrient enrichment impacts grassland plant diversity such as species richness, functional trait composition and diversity, but whether and how these changes affect ecosystem stability in the face of increasing climate extremes remains largely unknown.We quantified the direct and diversity‐mediated effects of nutrient addition (by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) on the stability of above‐ground biomass production in 10 long‐term grassland experimental sites. We measured five facets of stability as the temporal invariability, resistance during and recovery after extreme dry and wet growing seasons.Leaf traits (leaf carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and specific leaf area) were measured under ambient and nutrient addition conditions in the field and were used to construct the leaf economic spectrum (LES). We calculated functional trait composition and diversity of LES and of single leaf traits. We quantified the contribution of intraspecific trait shifts and species replacement to change in functional trait composition as responses to nutrient addition and its implications for ecosystem stability.Nutrient addition decreased functional trait diversity and drove grassland communities to the faster end of the LES primarily through intraspecific trait shifts, suggesting that intraspecific trait shifts should be included for accurately predicting ecosystem stability. Moreover, the change in functional trait diversity of the LES in turn influenced different facets of stability. That said, these diversity‐mediated effects were overall weak and/or overwhelmed by the direct effects of nutrient addition on stability. As a result, nutrient addition did not strongly impact any of the stability facets. These results were generally consistent using individual leaf traits but the dominant pathways differed. Importantly, major influencing pathways differed using average trait values extracted from global trait databases (e.g. TRY).Synthesis. Investigating changes in multiple facets of plant diversity and their impacts on multidimensional stability under global changes such as nutrient enrichment can improve our understanding of the processes and mechanisms maintaining ecosystem stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes.

Author

Michalska-Smith, Matthew, Schlatter, Daniel C., Pombubpa, Nuttapon, Castle, Sarah C., Grandy, A. Stuart, Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., and Kinkel, Linda L.

Subjects
SOIL ecology, ENVIRONMENTAL soil science, PLANT communities, SOIL composition, PLANT diversity
Abstract

Plants serve as critical links between above- and below-ground microbial communitites, both influencing and being influenced by microbes in these two realms. Below-ground microbial communities are expected to respond to soil resource environments, which are mediated by the roots of plants that can, in turn, be influenced by the above-ground community of foliar endophytes. For instance, diverse plant communities deposit more, and more diverse, nutrients into the soil, and this deposition is often increased when foliar pathogens are removed. DiFFerences in soil resources can alter soil microbial composition and phenotypes, including inhibitory capacity, resource use, and antibiotic resistance. In this work, we consider plots differing in plant richness and application of foliar fungicide, evaluating consequences on soil resource levels and root-associated Streptomyces phenotypes. Soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter were greater in samples from polyculture than monoculture, yet this increase was surprisingly offset when foliar fungal communities were disrupted. We find that Streptomyces phenotypes varied more between richness plots--with the Streptomyces from polyculture showing lower inhibitory capacity, altered resource-use profiles, and greater antibiotic resistance--than between subplots with/without foliar fungicide. Where foliar fungicide affected phenotypes, it did so differently in polyculture than in monoculture, for instance decreasing niche width and overlap in monoculture while increasing them in polyculture. No diffserences in phenotype were correlated with soil nutrient levels, suggesting the need for further research looking more closely at soil resource diversity and particular compounds that were found to differ between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Nutrient addition in grasslands worldwide reveals proportional plant diversity decline across spatial scales but little change in beta diversity

Author

Chen, Qingqing, primary, Blowes, Shane, additional, Ladouceur, Emma, additional, Harpole, Stan, additional, Seabloom, Eric W., additional, Tognetti, Pedro Maximiliano, additional, MacDougall, Andrew, additional, Daleo, Pedro, additional, Hautier, Yann, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Morgan, John, additional, Veen, Ciska, additional, Risch, Anita C., additional, Roscher, Christiane, additional, Bakker, Jonathan D., additional, Adler, Peter, additional, Borer, Elizabeth, additional, Niu, Yujie, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Martina, Jason, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Power, Sally, additional, Catford, Jane, additional, Tedder, Michelle, additional, Bagchi, Sumanta, additional, Wheeler, George, additional, Haider, Sylvia, additional, Maria, Caldeira, additional, Bugalho, Miguel, additional, Knops, Johannes, additional, Dickman, Chris, additional, Hagenah, Nicole, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Wardle, Glenda, additional, Estrada, Catalina, additional, Donohue, Ian, additional, Gruner, Daniel, additional, Olde Venterink, Harry, additional, Lannes, Luciola, additional, Hersch-Green, Erika, additional, and Chase, Jonathan, additional

Published
2024
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39. Addition of multiple limiting resources reduces grassland diversity.

Author

Harpole, W Stanley, Sullivan, Lauren L, Lind, Eric M, Firn, Jennifer, Adler, Peter B, Borer, Elizabeth T, Chase, Jonathan, Fay, Philip A, Hautier, Yann, Hillebrand, Helmut, MacDougall, Andrew S, Seabloom, Eric W, Williams, Ryan, Bakker, Jonathan D, Cadotte, Marc W, Chaneton, Enrique J, Chu, Chengjin, Cleland, Elsa E, D'Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Prober, Suzanne M, Risch, Anita C, Schuetz, Martin, Stevens, Carly J, and Wragg, Peter D

Subjects
Plants, Poaceae, Fertilizers, Biodiversity, Biomass, Light, Food, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Niche dimensionality provides a general theoretical explanation for biodiversity-more niches, defined by more limiting factors, allow for more ways that species can coexist. Because plant species compete for the same set of limiting resources, theory predicts that addition of a limiting resource eliminates potential trade-offs, reducing the number of species that can coexist. Multiple nutrient limitation of plant production is common and therefore fertilization may reduce diversity by reducing the number or dimensionality of belowground limiting factors. At the same time, nutrient addition, by increasing biomass, should ultimately shift competition from belowground nutrients towards a one-dimensional competitive trade-off for light. Here we show that plant species diversity decreased when a greater number of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental network. The number of added nutrients predicted diversity loss, even after controlling for effects of plant biomass, and even where biomass production was not nutrient-limited. We found that elevated resource supply reduced niche dimensionality and diversity and increased both productivity and compositional turnover. Our results point to the importance of understanding dimensionality in ecological systems that are undergoing diversity loss in response to multiple global change factors.

Published
2016

42. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Author

Komatsu, Kimberly J., Avolio, Meghan L., Lemoine, Nathan P., Isbell, Forest, Grman, Emily, Houseman, Gregory R., Koerner, Sally E., Johnson, David S., Wilcox, Kevin R., Alatalo, Juha M., Anderson, John P., Aerts, Rien, Baer, Sara G., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bates, Jonathan, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Belote, R. Travis, Blair, John, Bloor, Juliette M. G., Bohlen, Patrick J., Bork, Edward W., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Bowman, William D., Britton, Andrea J., Cahill, James F., Chaneton, Enrique, Chiariello, Nona R., Cheng, Jimin, Collins, Scott L., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Du, Guozhen, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Foster, Bryan, Gough, Laura, Gross, Katherine, Hallett, Lauren M., Han, Xingguo, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark J., Jagerbrand, Annika, Jentsch, Anke, Kern, Christel, Klanderud, Kari, Knapp, Alan K., Kreyling, Juergen, Li, Wei, Luo, Yiqi, McCulley, Rebecca L., McLaren, Jennie R., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Morgan, John W., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Pennings, Steven C., Prevéy, Janet S., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Robinson, Clare H., Russell, F. Leland, Sala, Osvaldo E., Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Lara, Suding, Katherine, Suttle, K. Blake, Svejcar, Tony, Tilman, David, Tognetti, Pedro, Turkington, Roy, White, Shannon, Xu, Zhuwen, Yahdjian, Laura, Yu, Qiang, Zhang, Pengfei, and Zhang, Yunhai

Published
2019

46. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, and Alon, Moshe

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

47. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author

Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.

Published
2024

48. Author Correction: Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs

Author

Firn, Jennifer, McGree, James M., Harvey, Eric, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Schütz, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Seabloom, Eric W., La Pierre, Kimberly J., MacDougall, Andrew M., Prober, Suzanne M., Stevens, Carly J., Sullivan, Lauren L., Porter, Erica, Ladouceur, Emma, Allen, Charlotte, Moromizato, Karine H., Morgan, John W., Harpole, W. Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Eisenhauer, Nico, Wright, Justin P., Adler, Peter B., Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Broadbent, Arthur A. D., Brown, Cynthia S., Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Cleland, Elsa E., Ebeling, Anne, Fay, Philip A., Hagenah, Nicole, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R., Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Nogueira, Carla, Peri, Pablo Luis, Roscher, Christiane, Smith, Melinda D., Wragg, Peter D., and Risch, Anita C.

Published
2020
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49. Plant species' origin predicts dominance and response to nutrient enrichment and herbivores in global grasslands.

Author

Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Buckley, Yvonne M, Cleland, Elsa E, Davies, Kendi F, Firn, Jennifer, Harpole, W Stanley, Hautier, Yann, Lind, Eric M, MacDougall, Andrew S, Orrock, John L, Prober, Suzanne M, Adler, Peter B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori A, Blumenthal, Dana M, Brown, Cynthia S, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc, Chu, Chengjin, Cottingham, Kathryn L, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Dantonio, Carla M, DeCrappeo, Nicole M, Du, Guozhen, Fay, Philip A, Frater, Paul, Gruner, Daniel S, Hagenah, Nicole, Hector, Andy, Hillebrand, Helmut, Hofmockel, Kirsten S, Humphries, Hope C, Jin, Virginia L, Kay, Adam, Kirkman, Kevin P, Klein, Julia A, Knops, Johannes MH, La Pierre, Kimberly J, Ladwig, Laura, Lambrinos, John G, Li, Qi, Li, Wei, Marushia, Robin, McCulley, Rebecca L, Melbourne, Brett A, Mitchell, Charles E, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John, Mortensen, Brent, O'Halloran, Lydia R, Pyke, David A, Risch, Anita C, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schuetz, Martin, Simonsen, Anna, Smith, Melinda D, Stevens, Carly J, Sullivan, Lauren, Wolkovich, Elizabeth, Wragg, Peter D, Wright, Justin, and Yang, Louie

Subjects
Animals, Vertebrates, Plants, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Soil, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Eutrophication, Food, Introduced Species, Herbivory, Grassland, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Exotic species dominate many communities; however the functional significance of species' biogeographic origin remains highly contentious. This debate is fuelled in part by the lack of globally replicated, systematic data assessing the relationship between species provenance, function and response to perturbations. We examined the abundance of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites we experimentally tested native and exotic species responses to two fundamental drivers of invasion, mineral nutrient supplies and vertebrate herbivory. Exotic species are six times more likely to dominate communities than native species. Furthermore, while experimental nutrient addition increases the cover and richness of exotic species, nutrients decrease native diversity and cover. Native and exotic species also differ in their response to vertebrate consumer exclusion. These results suggest that species origin has functional significance, and that eutrophication will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

Published
2015

50. A continent‐wide study reveals clear relationships between regional abiotic conditions and post‐dispersal seed predation

Author

Orrock, John L, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Firn, Jennifer, MacDougall, Andrew S, Melbourne, Brett A, Yang, Louie H, Baker, Dirk V, Bar‐Massada, Avi, Crawley, Michael J, Damschen, Ellen I, Davies, Kendi F, Gruner, Daniel S, Kay, Adam D, Lind, Eric, McCulley, Rebecca L, and Seabloom, Eric W

Subjects
AET, Annual actual evapotranspiration, Climate, Granivory, North America, Plant-consumer interactions, Precipitation, Seed predation, climate, granivory, plant-consumer interactions, precipitation, seed predation, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Large-scale patterns linking energy availability, biological productivity and diversity form a central focus of ecology. Despite evidence that the activity and abundance of animals may be limited by climatic variables associated with regional biological productivity (e.g. mean annual precipitation and annual actual evapotranspiration), it is unclear whether plant-granivore interactions are themselves influenced by these climatic factors across broad spatial extents. We evaluated whether climatic conditions that are known to alter the abundance and activity of granivorous animals also affect rates of seed removal. Location: Eleven sites across temperate North America. Methods: We used a common protocol to assess the removal of the same seed species (Avena sativa) over a 2-day period. Model selection via the Akaike information criterion was used to determine a set of candidate binomial generalized linear mixed models that evaluated the relationship between local climatic data and post-dispersal seed predation. Results: Annual actual evapotranspiration was the single best predictor of the proportion of seeds removed. Annual actual evapotranspiration and mean annual precipitation were both positively related to mean seed removal and were included in four and three of the top five models, respectively. Annual temperature range was also positively related to seed removal and was an explanatory variable in three of the top four models. Main conclusions: Our work provides the first evidence that energy and precipitation, which are known to affect consumer abundance and activity, also translate to strong, predictable patterns of seed predation across a continent. More generally, these findings suggest that future changes in temperature and precipitation could have widespread consequences for plant species composition in grasslands, through impacts on plant recruitment.

Published
2015

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