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Background: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a precise and non-invasive modality for tissue ablation and healing. This study presents a detailed dermoscopic analysis of skin healing post-High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, focusing on common benign skin lesions, such as seborrheic keratosis, sebaceous hyperplasia, vascular lesions, and sebaceous nevi. Methods: Prior to HIFU treatment, a comprehensive assessment was conducted, integrating ultrasound scanning and clinical evaluations. The TOOsonix System ONE-M was employed for HIFU treatments, with parameters tailored to each lesion type. Results: A common pattern observed across all lesions includes initial whitening post treatment, followed by scab formation and the development of a pink area with reparative vessels. This study, however, highlights distinct differences in fibrosis patterns and healing timelines across different lesion types. Each lesion type exhibited unique fibrosis patterns post treatment. Flatter variants of seborrheic keratosis healed within a month, displaying hypopigmentation and reparative vessels, alongside a distinct lattice fibrosis pattern in more verrucous forms, which took about two months to heal. Sebaceous hyperplasia, characterized by rapid healing within three weeks, demonstrated fibrosis with pink areas and perpendicular white lines, concluding with a slight depression. Vascular lesions varied in healing time based on depth, with superficial ones showing whitening and crust formation, while deeper lesions had vessel occlusion and size reduction accompanied by concentric fibrotic bands. Sebaceous nevi presented the longest healing duration of three months, characterized by amorphous white-gray structures, scab formation, and the emergence of pink areas with branching vessels, leading to clear skin with reduced white lines. Conclusions: in conclusion, this meticulous clinical evaluation highlights the unique healing characteristics and timelines for each skin lesion type treated with HIFU. These insights are invaluable for optimizing follow-up assessments, identifying potential complications, and refining treatment protocols. By providing detailed insights into the healing timelines and patterns for different types of lesions, patients can be better informed about their post-treatment journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermoscopy is a useful, noninvasive technique also used to assess sebaceous lesions in humans. Sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous adenoma and sebaceous epithelioma are common cutaneous lesions in dogs; however, their dermoscopic features have not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives: The objectives of this study are to describe the dermoscopic features of canine sebaceous lesions and to assess the interobserver agreement on dermoscopic parameters. Animals: Thirty‐four lesions excised from 17 client‐owned dogs, histologically confirmed as sebaceous proliferations, were included in this study. Materials and Methods: Sebaceous lesions were evaluated in vivo at ×10 magnification with a handheld dermoscope. Each dermoscopic image was assessed independently by two ECVD board‐certified veterinary referral clinicians and an ECVD resident. Results: Thirty sebaceous hyperplasias, two sebaceous adenomas and two sebaceous epitheliomas were included. Dermoscopically, most lesions (91%) had single or multiple, well‐defined, white‐yellowish structures composed of grouped ovoid areas (clods). Irregular linear and, less commonly, arborising vessels were detected at the periphery of the yellow lobular‐like structures in 93% of sebaceous hyperplasias and in 50% of neoplastic lesions. Erosions were seen in 6% of sebaceous hyperplasias and 50% of neoplastic lesions. Good interobserver agreement was found for white/yellowish clods (k = 0.75), yellow scales (k = 0.83), brown/grey dots (k = 0.80), erosions (k = 0.82) and red/brownish scales/crusts (k = 0.75). There was moderate agreement for fissures (k = 0.48) and vascular pattern (k = 0.51–0.53). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Dermoscopy represents a useful technique to assess sebaceous gland proliferations in dogs, as it is in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This observational study aims to describe and compare histopathological, architectural, and nuclear characteristics of sebaceous lesions and utilized these characteristics to develop a predictive classification approach using machine learning algorithms. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian patients with sebaceous tumors from two hospitals between March 2015 and March 2019. Pathology slides were reviewed by two pathologists and the architectural and cytological attributes were recorded. Multiple decision tree models were trained using 5-fold cross validation to determine the most important predictor variables and to develop a simple prediction model. Results This study assessed the characteristics of 123 sebaceous tumors. Histopathological findings, including pagetoid appearance, neurovascular invasion, atypical mitosis, extensive necrotic area, poor cell differentiation, and non-lobular tumor growth pattern, as well as nuclear features, including highly irregular nuclear contour, and large nuclear size were exclusively observed in carcinomatous tumors. Among non-carcinomatous lesions, some sebaceoma and sebaceous adenoma cases had features like high mitotic activity, which can be misleading and complicate diagnosis. Based on multiple decision tree models, the five most critical variables for lesion categorization were identified as: basaloid cell count, peripheral basaloid cell layers, tumor margin, nuclear size, and chromatin. Conclusions This study implemented a machine learning modeling approach to help optimally categorize sebaceous lesions based on architectural and nuclear features. However, studies of larger sample sizes are needed to ensure the accuracy of our suggested predictive model.

Background: Erbium-YAG laser has been the working horse in dermatology for years. Surprisingly, data on the efficacy and adverse effects of this novel resurfacing and ablative technique of erbium-YAG laser for superficial dermatoses in Indian skin is limited. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of erbium-YAG laser ablation in superficial cutaneous lesions. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients of various superficial dermatoses, treatable by erbium-YAG laser, were recruited in the study. All the patients were subjected to erbium-YAG laser sessions. The number of laser sessions, fluence, frequency and other parameters were individualized as per the respective dermatosis. The clinical response was evaluated as grade 4 (100% lesion clearance), grade 3 (75–99%), grade 2 (50–75%) or grade 1 (<50%). Results: The overall mean age of our study group was 37.70 years. In our study, 52.38% cases of verruca plana, 36.84% cases of seborrheic keratosis, 56.4% cases of xanthelasma palpebrarum, 22% cases of acquired melanocytic nevus, 23.8% cases of plantar wart and 40% cases of sebaceous hyperplasia showed complete clearance. The most common adverse effect was post-laser erythema in 50.4% of cases, followed by pain in 36.8%. Besides this, scarring and dyspigmentation were observed in 11.6% and 12% of cases, respectively. The rate of recurrence on 3 months follow-up was 9 (23.07%) cases in xanthelasma palpebrarum, 11 (28.9%) cases in seborrheic keratosis, 10 (23.8%) cases in verruca plana and 9 (42.8%) cases in plantar warts. Conclusion: This study suggested that erbium-YAG ablation achieved good results for superficial lesions like verruca plana, seborrheic keratosis, xanthelasma palpebrarum, plantar wart, sebaceous hyperplasia and acquired melanocytic nevus. Thus, Er: YAG laser can offer a one-step procedure with better cosmetic results and a lesser rate of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This observational study aims to describe and compare histopathological, architectural, and nuclear characteristics of sebaceous lesions and utilized these characteristics to develop a predictive classification approach using machine learning algorithms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian patients with sebaceous tumors from two hospitals between March 2015 and March 2019. Pathology slides were reviewed by two pathologists and the architectural and cytological attributes were recorded. Multiple decision tree models were trained using 5-fold cross validation to determine the most important predictor variables and to develop a simple prediction model. Results: This study assessed the characteristics of 123 sebaceous tumors. Histopathological findings, including pagetoid appearance, neurovascular invasion, atypical mitosis, extensive necrotic area, poor cell differentiation, and non-lobular tumor growth pattern, as well as nuclear features, including highly irregular nuclear contour, and large nuclear size were exclusively observed in carcinomatous tumors. Among non-carcinomatous lesions, some sebaceoma and sebaceous adenoma cases had features like high mitotic activity, which can be misleading and complicate diagnosis. Based on multiple decision tree models, the five most critical variables for lesion categorization were identified as: basaloid cell count, peripheral basaloid cell layers, tumor margin, nuclear size, and chromatin. Conclusions: This study implemented a machine learning modeling approach to help optimally categorize sebaceous lesions based on architectural and nuclear features. However, studies of larger sample sizes are needed to ensure the accuracy of our suggested predictive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Erbium-YAG laser has been the working horse in dermatology for years. Surprisingly, data on the efficacy and adverse effects of this novel resurfacing and ablative technique of erbium-YAG laser for superficial dermatoses in Indian skin is limited. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of erbium-YAG laser ablation in superficial cutaneous lesions. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients of various superficial dermatoses, treatable by erbium-YAG laser, were recruited in the study. All the patients were subjected to erbium-YAG laser sessions. The number of laser sessions, fluence, frequency and other parameters were individualized as per the respective dermatosis. The clinical response was evaluated as grade 4 (100% lesion clearance), grade 3 (75–99%), grade 2 (50–75%) or grade 1 (

Sebaceous neoplasms describe a group of tumors with sebaceous differentiation commonly seen in lesions located primarily in the face and neck. The majority of these lesions are benign, while malignant neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation are uncommon. Sebaceous tumors present a strong association with the Muir–Torre Syndrome. Patients suspected with this syndrome should undergo neoplasm excision, followed by histopathologic and additional immunohistochemistry and genetics examinations. Clinical and dermoscopic features of the sebaceous neoplasms, as well as management procedures collected from the literature analysis regarding sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceoma/sebaceous adenoma, and sebaceous hyperplasia are described in the current review. A special note is made for describing the Muir–Torre Syndrome in patients presenting multiple sebaceous tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rapidly adapting neonatal skin, being anatomically and physiologically distinct from an adult, may exhibit a variety of entities, ranging from mild self-limiting to the severe life-threatening ones. The transition of neonatal skin from an aqueous to an air-dominant environment results in various changes, both physiological and pathological. Physiological and pathological dermatoses should be differentiated to avoid unnecessary treatment and psychological distress to parents. The present study was carried out to determine prevalence and patterns of physiological cutaneous manifestations among early neonates in western Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, descriptive, observational study was carried at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. After due informed consent, total of 5000 early neonates delivered during this time were included in the study. A detailed history was taken and dermatological examination of each neonate was carried out. Laboratory procedures were performed to confirm diagnosis if required. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma. Results: Out of 5000 newborns, 64.96% were male and 35.04% female. Ninety-two percentage had physiological changes and 21% had pathological changes. The physiological skin changes observed in order of frequency were sebaceous hyperplasia (65.32%), milia (51.12%), physiological desquamation (41.02%), vernix (35%), and physiological jaundice (9.32%). Cutis marmorata, harlequin skin changes, and lanugo hair were seen more in low-birth weight and preterm neonates. Conclusion: Most of the early neonatal dermatoses are physiological and transient in nature. Hence, it is important to identify and differentiate them from other serious conditions, thereby avoiding unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and provide reassurance to overenthusiastic dermatologists, pediatricians, and parents.

GLUT1 is a membrane associated carrier protein that functions in the physiologic transport of glucose across cell membranes. Multiple studies have shown an increased GLUT1 expression in various tumor types and a role in cancer prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether cutaneous sebaceous lesions have a differential expression of GLUT1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GLUT1 IHC was performed on excision specimens of ten cases of sebaceous carcinoma, nine of sebaceoma, ten of sebaceous adenoma, and ten of sebaceous hyperplasia. Intense, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in sebaceous carcinoma. The pattern of GLUT1 staining in sebaceomas and sebaceous adenomas consisted of a gradient of intense cytoplasmic staining in the basaloid cells with a decreased intensity to membranous staining only and absent staining in mature sebaceous cells. In lesions of sebaceous hyperplasia, GLUT1 staining outlined the basal layer of each gland; cytoplasmic staining was minimal to absent. Increased cytoplasmic staining of GLUT1 may correlate with cellular metabolic and proliferative activity. GLUT1 has potential utility in differentiating sebaceous lesions.

Sebaceous hyperplasia, a benign proliferation ofsebaceous glands, has been well documented inorgan transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine.Sebaceous hyperplasia has not been stronglyassociated with any other immunosuppressivemedications. We report a case of eruptive sebaceoushyperplasia in a renal transplant recipient with noprevious exposure to cyclosporine that was recentlystarted on tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, andprednisone. To our knowledge, this is the first report oferuptive sebaceous hyperplasia in a renal transplantrecipient who was immunosuppressed withtacrolimus and had no prior exposure to cyclosporine

Sebaceous neoplasms describe a group of tumors with sebaceous differentiation commonly seen in lesions located primarily in the face and neck. The majority of these lesions are benign, while malignant neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation are uncommon. Sebaceous tumors present a strong association with the Muir–Torre Syndrome. Patients suspected with this syndrome should undergo neoplasm excision, followed by histopathologic and additional immunohistochemistry and genetics examinations. Clinical and dermoscopic features of the sebaceous neoplasms, as well as management procedures collected from the literature analysis regarding sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceoma/sebaceous adenoma, and sebaceous hyperplasia are described in the current review. A special note is made for describing the Muir–Torre Syndrome in patients presenting multiple sebaceous tumors.

Cyclosporine-induced sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a well-documented entity, occurring in up to 30% of renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine and has also been reported to occur following heart or hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCST). Cyclosporine has a stimulatory effect on undifferentiated sebocytes, resulting in the clinical and histologic findings in these patients. Sebaceous hyperplasia most commonly presents as asymptomatic papules over the face, chest, or groin. Herein we describe a case of a 27-year-old man who developed facial sebaceous hyperplasia five months after completing cyclosporine therapy for cutaneous graft versus host disease (GVHD) following HSCT.

Non-invasive imaging devices are currently being utilized in research and clinical settings to help visualize, characterize, anddiagnose cancers of the skin. Speckle-variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT) is one such technology that offers considerable promise for non-invasive, real time detection of skin cancers given its added ability to show changes in microvasculature. We present four early lesions of the face namely sebaceous hyperplasia, basal cell skin cancer, pigmented actinic keratosis, and malignant melanoma in situ that each display different important identification markers on svOCT. Up until now, svOCT has mainly been evaluated for lesion diagnosis using transversal (vertical) sections. Our preliminary svOCT findings use dynamic en face (horizontal) visualization to differentiate lesions based on their specific vascular organizations. These observed patterns further elucidate the potential of this imaging device to become a powerful tool in patient disease assessment.

Introduction: The rapidly adapting neonatal skin, being anatomically and physiologically distinct from an adult, may exhibit a variety of entities, ranging from mild self-limiting to the severe life-threatening ones. The transition of neonatal skin from an aqueous to an air-dominant environment results in various changes, both physiological and pathological. Physiological and pathological dermatoses should be differentiated to avoid unnecessary treatment and psychological distress to parents. The present study was carried out to determine prevalence and patterns of physiological cutaneous manifestations among early neonates in western Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, descriptive, observational study was carried at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. After due informed consent, total of 5000 early neonates delivered during this time were included in the study. A detailed history was taken and dermatological examination of each neonate was carried out. Laboratory procedures were performed to confirm diagnosis if required. Data were collected in a predesigned pro forma. Results: Out of 5000 newborns, 64.96% were male and 35.04% female. Ninety-two percentage had physiological changes and 21% had pathological changes. The physiological skin changes observed in order of frequency were sebaceous hyperplasia (65.32%), milia (51.12%), physiological desquamation (41.02%), vernix (35%), and physiological jaundice (9.32%). Cutis marmorata, harlequin skin changes, and lanugo hair were seen more in low-birth weight and preterm neonates. Conclusion: Most of the early neonatal dermatoses are physiological and transient in nature. Hence, it is important to identify and differentiate them from other serious conditions, thereby avoiding unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and provide reassurance to overenthusiastic dermatologists, pediatricians, and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLUT1 is a membrane associated carrier protein that functions in the physiologic transport of glucose across cell membranes. Multiple studies have shown an increased GLUT1 expression in various tumor types and a role in cancer prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether cutaneous sebaceous lesions have a differential expression of GLUT1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GLUT1 IHC was performed on excision specimens of ten cases of sebaceous carcinoma, nine of sebaceoma, ten of sebaceous adenoma, and ten of sebaceous hyperplasia. Intense, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in sebaceous carcinoma. The pattern of GLUT1 staining in sebaceomas and sebaceous adenomas consisted of a gradient of intense cytoplasmic staining in the basaloid cells with a decreased intensity to membranous staining only and absent staining in mature sebaceous cells. In lesions of sebaceous hyperplasia, GLUT1 staining outlined the basal layer of each gland; cytoplasmic staining was minimal to absent. Increased cytoplasmic staining of GLUT1 may correlate with cellular metabolic and proliferative activity. GLUT1 has potential utility in differentiating sebaceous lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a benign tumor with telangiectasia on it, yellowish or skin-colored, with papulosis. Besides genetic factors, aging, ultraviolet rays, sex hormones, calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus and systemic steroids, play a role in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia. Cyclosporin is widely used in organ transplant patients. Acne, keratosis pilaris, sebaceous hyperplasia and epidermoid cysts, which are rare side effects, are frequently seen in renal transplant patients and it is suggested that the pilosebaceous unit develops as a result of occlusion with keratinous material. It is thought that cyclosporine causes these side effects by increasing the secretion of sebum and 5-alpha reductase enzyme activity. In this case study, wepresent here a 36-year-old female patient who had been on cyclosporine treatment for 25 years and had a large number of yellowish, umblike papules on her face for 20 years. She had been diagnosed with cyclosporin triggered by clinical and histopathological findings. The patient was started on 40 mg/day (0.6 mg/kg/day) systemic isotretinoin treatment, and after two months treatment, the patient had almost complete regression of the lesions. Systemic isotretinoin is effective and easy to treat treatment for patients with multiple lesions, especially when compared to other treatments. In addition, all of the cases reported in the literature are male, and this report presents the first female transplant patient with SH, which is induced by cyclosporine use.

Background/aim: Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CAT) are rare tumors originating from the adnexal epithelial parts of the skin. Due to its clinical and histopathological characteristics comparable with other diseases, clinicians and pathologists experience difficulties in its diagnosis. We aimed to reveal the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the retrospectively screened cases and to compare the prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses of clinicians. Materials and methods: The data of the last 5 years were scanned and patients with histopathological diagnosis of CAT were included in the study. Results: A total of 65 patients, including 39 female and 26 male patients aged between 8 and 88, were included in the study. The female to male ratio was 1.5, and the mean age of the patients was 46.15 ± 21.8 years. The benign tumor rate was 95.4%, whereas the malignant tumor rate was 4.6%. 38.5% of the tumors were presenting sebaceous, 35.4% of them were presenting follicular, and 18.5% of them were presenting eccrine differentiation. It was most commonly seen in the head-neck region with a rate of 66.1%. When clinical and histopathological prediagnoses were compared, prediagnoses and histopathological diagnoses were compatible in 45% of the cases. Most frequently, it was the basal cell carcinoma, epidermal cyst, and sebaceous hyperplasia identified in preliminary diagnoses. Conclusion: Cutaneous adnexal tumors are very important, as they can accompany different syndromes and may be malignant. Due to difficulties in its clinical diagnosis, histopathological examination must be performed from suspicious lesions for definitive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is effective in treating sebaceous hyperplasia (SH). However, only short pulse-duration PDL (SPDL) has been used in previous studies. Objectives: To determine whether long pulse-duration PDL (LPDL) can achieve comparable efficacy in treating SH with fewer side effects versus SPDL. Methods: Eight patients with a total of 75 SH lesions were enrolled. Each SH lesion was randomized to be treated with two sessions of 595-nm SPDL with 0.45-millisecond pulse duration or 595-nm LPDL with 20-millisecond pulse duration. The second session was performed 4 weeks after the first session. Side effects including pain and post-treatment purpura were recorded. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 1 week and 4 weeks after the first session, and at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the second session for repeated photography and assessing the diameter and thickness of each lesion, post-treatment purpura, and other adverse events. Results: All SH lesions responded to two sessions of PDL treatments. The reduction ratio of lesion diameter was 76.3% in the SPDL group and 70.0% in the LPDL group after two sessions of treatments (p = 0.644). The reduction ratio of lesion thickness was 79.6% in the SPDL group and 72.7% in the LPDL group after two sessions of treatment (p = 0.187). The mean intensity of pain was 3.13 on a 0–10-point scale for SPDL and 3.60 for LPDL (p = 0.660). The intensity of immediate post-treatment purpura was 4.13 on a 0–5-point scale for SPDL, and 1.80 for LPDL (p

The present paper highlights the usefulness of 70% trichloroacetic acid in treating sebaceous hyperplasia in elderly patients. Esthetics are an important issue, and different therapeutic modalities can be used, such as systemic isotretinoin, surgical excision, electrocautery, cryosurgery, topical photodynamic therapy and laser, but all these methods are expansive and invasive procedures that may result in scars, which are more extensive than the original lesions.

Early or familial cases of sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) with multiple lesions, thought to be associated with genetic predisposition, have been reported in young individuals. Rarely reported variants include the giant, diffuse, zosteriform, and/or linear (nevoid) form. However, premature SH, defined as benign proliferation of sebaceous glands that occurs during or after puberty, is histologically similar to SH. Whether the definitions of nevoid SH or premature SH are the same remains unclear. We report two sporadic cases of premature SH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cutaneous complications have been described in patients treated with cyclosporin. Alterations of the pilosebaceous unit such as hypertrichosis are particularly frequent. However, the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia is exceptional. These lesions seem to be specific to cyclosporin rather than secondary to immunosuppression. Here, we report an exceptional case of eruptive and disseminated sebaceous hyperplasia arising in a bone marrow transplant recipient only a few months after starting immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin.

Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a benign tumor with telangiectasia on it, yellowish or skin-colored, with papulosis. Besides genetic factors, aging, ultraviolet rays, sex hormones, calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus and systemic steroids, play a role in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia. Cyclosporin is widely used in organ transplant patients. Acne, keratosis pilaris, sebaceous hyperplasia and epidermoid cysts, which are rare side effects, are frequently seen in renal transplant patients and it is suggested that the pilosebaceous unit develops as a result of occlusion with keratinous material. It is thought that cyclosporine causes these side effects by increasing the secretion of sebum and 5-alpha reductase enzyme activity. In this case study, wepresent here a 36-year-old female patient who had been on cyclosporine treatment for 25 years and had a large number of yellowish, umblike papules on her face for 20 years. She had been diagnosed with cyclosporin triggered by clinical and histopathological findings. The patient was started on 40 mg/day (0.6 mg/kg/day) systemic isotretinoin treatment, and after two months treatment, the patient had almost complete regression of the lesions. Systemic isotretinoin is effective and easy to treat treatment for patients with multiple lesions, especially when compared to other treatments. In addition, all of the cases reported in the literature are male, and this report presents the first female transplant patient with SH, which is induced by cyclosporine use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein report a case of hair follicle nevus, a rare hamartoma found on the face and showing follicular differentiation, which was associated with sebaceous hyperplasia. Dermoscopy of the lesion showed yellow globules surrounded by crown vessels/telangiectasias and scattered tiny hairs. Histopathological investigation revealed hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and proliferation of well-differentiated vellus hair follicles. These pathological findings were thought to correspond to the yellowish globules and tiny hairs observed under dermoscopy. Hair follicle nevus associated with sebaceous hyperplasia is extremely rare; however, dermoscopic examination can suggest an appropriate diagnosis. The present case proved the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for cutaneous tumors with hair follicular and sebaceous glandular differentiation.

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is an uncommon malignant adnexal neoplasm accounting for 1 - 5.5% of eyelid malignancies. Diagnosis and therapy of their aggressive malignancy often get delayed since it is often misdiagnosed both clinically and histopathologically because of its varied clinical appearance and deceptive histopathological features. In this case report, we discuss one such rare occurrence of sebaceous carcinoma in the lower eyelid of an elderly lady aged 70 years along with the key diagnostic features and differential diagnosis

Background Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is effective in treating sebaceous hyperplasia (SH). However, only short pulse-duration PDL (SPDL) has been used in previous studies. Objectives To determine whether long pulse-duration PDL (LPDL) can achieve comparable efficacy in treating SH with fewer side effects versus SPDL. Methods Eight patients with a total of 75 SH lesions were enrolled. Each SH lesion was randomized to be treated with two sessions of 595-nm SPDL with 0.45-millisecond pulse duration or 595-nm LPDL with 20-millisecond pulse duration. The second session was performed 4 weeks after the first session. Side effects including pain and post-treatment purpura were recorded. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 1 week and 4 weeks after the first session, and at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the second session for repeated photography and assessing the diameter and thickness of each lesion, post-treatment purpura, and other adverse events. Results All SH lesions responded to two sessions of PDL treatments. The reduction ratio of lesion diameter was 76.3% in the SPDL group and 70.0% in the LPDL group after two sessions of treatments ( p = 0.644). The reduction ratio of lesion thickness was 79.6% in the SPDL group and 72.7% in the LPDL group after two sessions of treatment ( p = 0.187). The mean intensity of pain was 3.13 on a 0–10-point scale for SPDL and 3.60 for LPDL ( p = 0.660). The intensity of immediate post-treatment purpura was 4.13 on a 0–5-point scale for SPDL, and 1.80 for LPDL ( p < 0.001). Some of the lesions treated by SPDL underwent an erosive stage. No scarring or discoloration was noted at 8 weeks after treatment. Conclusions While SPDL and LPDL have comparable efficacy in treating SH after two sessions of treatment, LPDL can provide a shorter and aesthetically better recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for sebaceous hyperplasia, but there have been few clinical studies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryosurgery in the treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia. Methods: Cryosurgery was performed 6 times, at 2-week intervals, with liquid nitrogen, and evaluated in 40 patients with 517 lesions ranging from 2 to 9 mm over the forehead, cheeks, and chin. All of the lesions were measured before and after the treatment. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.7 ± 8.9 years, and the male/female ratio was 21/19 (1.1). The mean time of the disease duration was 4.2 ± 3.0 years. After 6 cooling cycles, an excellent response (76%-100%) was seen in 341 patients (65.9%), a very good response (51%-75%) was seen in 102 (19.7%), a good response (26%-50%) was seen in 57 (11.1%), a poor response (1%-25%) was seen in 15 (2.9%), and no response (0%) was seen in 2 (0.4%). Age (P = .004) and sex (P < .0001) were independent predictors of an excellent response. The excellent response rates were 71.4% for males, 61.8% for females, 70.4% for ages older than 55 years, and 61.8% for ages younger than 55 years. Temporary hyperpigmentation was found in 5 lesions (0.96%), and recurrence was not seen at the 4-month follow-up. Conclusions: The well-aimed and controlled used of cryosurgery is an effective method for treating significant cosmetic disfigurement in patients with sebaceous hyperplasia. It is a low-cost therapy without scarring, hypopigmentation, or recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To document the pattern of skin lesions among the neonates admitted in intensive care unit and evaluate the association between age, gender, maturity and birth weight. Methods: A total of 200 neonates, who were hospitalized in the NICU of SDMCMS&H were included in this single contact cross-sectional study. All diagnoses were made on clinical basis. The relationships between the occurrence of the lesions with the various maternal and neonatal factors were analyzed. The statistical analysis of the associations was done using percentage and student ttest. Results: The following cutaneous changes were noted. Lanugo hair was found in 121 neonates. 93 children showed Mongolian spots. The signs of miniature puberty were found in 82 children.105 children had sebaceous hyperplasia. 77 children had physiological desquamation. Erythema neonatorum was found in 59 patients and in only 3 of them it persisted beyond 7 days. 40 children had miliaria. Cutis marmorata was noted in 20 children. Other transient skin conditions seen were milia (5), vernix caseosa (5), acrocyanosis (3), neonatal acne (3), erythema toixcum neonatorum (1) and neonatal alopecia (1). Conclusion: Skin lesions are very common in the neonatal period. In the present study, most of the skin lesions were physiological and transitory. Pediatrician and dermatologists should be aware of these skin lesion in neonatal ICU and should be able to differentiate it from serious skin conditions in order to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment in neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many cutaneous complications have been described in patients treated with cyclosporin. Alterations of the pilosebaceous unit such as hypertrichosis are particularly frequent. However, the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia is exceptional. These lesions seem to be specific to cyclosporin rather than secondary to immunosuppression. Here, we report an exceptional case of eruptive and disseminated sebaceous hyperplasia arising in a bone marrow transplant recipient only a few months after starting immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction leading to extensive sloughing of the skin. Late cutaneous complications such as pigmentation disorders are frequently reported. In this report, we present particular facial cutaneous sequelae with histological analysis after TEN. Two young patients who had survived TEN presented permanent multiple hypopigmented papules on the face affecting their quality of life. Histological analysis revealed areas of scarring, dystrophic microcalcifications and sebaceous hyperplasia. Late cutaneous sequelae are well documented; however, the physiopathological mechanisms leading to different clinical presentations remain unknown. We suggest that the destruction of the hair follicle by necrolysis leads to secondary dermal microcalcifications, scarring and sebaceous hyperplasia. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]