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Las afecciones en la piel de las manos están dentro de los mayores problemas a los que se enfrenta el personal de enfermería, debido a su continua exposición a factores desencadenantes, afectando de esta manera la calidad del proceso de atención. El objetivo de esta investigación fue fomentar estrategias que permitan disminuir afecciones ocupacionales en la piel de las manos del personal de enfermería. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, no experimental, basado en la recolección de datos, a través de un instrumento validado mediante la revisión por expertos en salud e investigación científica y la aplicación de procesos estadísticos. La población se constituyó por 80 profesionales de enfermería, pertenecientes a establecimientos de salud públicos y privados de la ciudad de Ambato. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que el 100% ha tenido afecciones en la piel de manos, donde los más afectados estuvieron dentro del rango de 11 a 15 años de vida profesional. Los factores de riesgo prevalentes fueron: la exposición a la humedad, uso de soluciones antisépticas y lavado de manos mayor a 16 veces (63,7 %) durante la jornada laboral. El 70% refirió no tener alergia al látex y el 30% solo cuando su uso fue prolongado.Los principales signos y síntomas fueron: eritema, prurito y ardor. Se evidenció que, dentro de los establecimientos de salud no existen estrategias de prevención para dichas afecciones, motivo por el cual se apoyó de manera unánime la creación e implementación, determinando así la importancia de esta investigación.

This research aims to determine the relationship between tele-education and adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorder in children aged 1 to 5 years. To do this, a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlative non-experimental design study was carried out, the study population consisted of 120 people, and the sample was of a non-probabilistic census type. For data collection, a tele-education survey and an adaptive behavior survey were produced, both with high levels of reliability. Statistical treatment included connection tables, bar graph, analysis and interpretation. For validation, we used Spearman's confirmation coefficient, Rs=0.730, which shows a high positive confirmation with p=0.003. Therefore, it is concluded that in the National Institute of Rehabilitation-Chorrillos there is a significant relationship between tele-education and adaptive behavior in children from 1 to 5 years old.

Los antibióticos son utilizados frecuentemente por sus numerosos beneficios, sin embargo, pueden llegar a desencadenar reacciones adversas indeseables y dañinas que en los últimos años han limitado su uso. Dentro de este contexto se clasifican dos grupos, el tipo A: que consiste del 75-80% de todo que son derivadas de los efectos farmacológicos y que generalmente dependen de la dosis administrada, y el tipo B que se encuentra en 20 – 25% que no dependen de la dosis, ni del fármaco. Se empleó un enfoque mixto de la investigación con un diseño transversal, por los que los métodos y técnicas empleadas se encuentran en correspondencia a este tipo de enfoque. El objetivo de la investigación es realizar un estudio neutrosófico sobre el conocimiento de los factores que se asocian a la alergia en los usos de los antibióticos posteriores a las extracciones dentales en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma Regional de los Andes en Ambato, Ecuador. También durante el estudio se utilizó métodos neutrosóficos. Una vez aplicados y tabulados los datos obtenidos se interpretaron los resultados los que tienen un nivel adecuado de validez. Como principal conclusión es que se debe tener precauciones en el empleo de antibióticos en los pacientes una vez de realizar alguna extracción mular.

The aim of this article is to know the attitude of university students towards e-learning having age and gender as sociodemographic variables. It describes important aspects about virtual education, connectivism, e-learning model and factors about attitude towards e-learning, b-learning and its advantages. In this basic, descriptive level study, the scale of attitudes towards e-learning proposed by Mehra and Omidian (2012) consisting of 92 items (distributed on a dichotomous yes/no scale) was used, with a reliability, through Kr-20, of 0.995. The sample comprised a total of 330 medical students from a private university from the first to the fifth cycle of the degree. It was demonstrated that e-learning is a tool at the service of the teaching-learning processes that seeks interaction between the teacher and the student, developing cognitive, collaborative and self-regulatory skills in the university student. The conclusions of the research were that, regarding the sex of the students, 38.5% of the women perceived an unfavorable level and 34.2% of the men, a favorable level of attitude towards e-learning. As for the intervening variable age, 23% of the students fewer than 21 years of age perceived an unfavorable level of attitude towards e-learning. In the ease of use dimension, 44.4% of the students perceived an unfavorable level. Finally, 40.3% perceived an unfavorable level; 34.8% perceived a fair level and 24.8% a favorable level of attitude towards e-learning.

After an investigation and exploration of studies, concepts, theories, it is intended by means of this article to conceptualize information regarding self-regulated learning and academic stress within an academic framework. Taking as relevant points self-regulated learning in the educational context and its dimensions and academic stress in an educational context and its moments or phases and, finally, self-regulated learning and academic stress in university students.

As a result of the exploration of various studies, and concepts involved, in this review article, it is intended to manifest the theme referred to around self-efficacy and digital competence in university students, circumscribing the study in one of the most outstanding scenarios of the last century, concluding that the binomial self-efficacy and digital competence made possible the development and realization of educational practice in these last two semesters in Peruvian higher education.

El espíritu del Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1929 entre Chile y Perú fue una alianza focalizada establecida para sellar una defensa respecto de las pretensiones bolivianas para anexionarse Tacna y Arica. Este espíritu se refleja en la partición de los territorios disputados, así como en el Artículo 3 del Protocolo Complementario, que establece, de forma críptica, que ni Chile ni Perú podrían ceder esos territorios a Bolivia. La explicación está en los 45 años de conflictos entre Chile y Perú debido a la pretensión boliviana de anexionarse los territorios peruanos que ocupaba Chile tras la Guerra del Pacífico. Sin embargo, tras la cesión de Arica, el fundacional reclamo de Bolivia por anexionarse este puerto se dirigió contra Chile. Tras el Tratado de 1929, la diplomacia boliviana trabajó por romper esta alianza, cuestión que se logró en 1975 con los acuerdos de Charaña.

An alternative for sustainable urban development is to revegetate cities with the construction of planters as well as to recover degraded sites. The objective of this work was to characterize urban waste materials produced in Mexico City and to evaluate their potential for constructing Technosols for plant growth, as an alternative to use in revegetating the city without affecting natural landscapes. Construction and demolition waste materials amended with different application rates of compost made out of gardening wastes from Mexico City green areas were tested. Nine mixtures were prepared; three based on concrete, three based on demolition waste and three based on excavation waste. Changes on physical, chemical and physicochemical properties of these mixtures, namely nutrient contents, water retention and aeration capacity, were monitored in a twelve-month experiment. The mineralogy and the risk regarding the release of heavy metals and trace elements were also evaluated in the soluble fraction. The constructed Technosols were appropriate, to a greater or lesser extent, for tomato plant growth. Soil pH and soil electrical conductivity (EC) were the main factors defining their suitability; both parameters changed over time due to the washing of salts. The particle size of the mineral materials as well as the application rates of compost used in the construction of the Technosols resulted in adequate water holding capacity and soil aeration for plant growth. The type of parental materials defined the majority of the Technosol characteristics as well as their ability to function as a plant support. The concentrations of readily available heavy and trace metals were not a limitation for plant growth. However, potential co-transport of these elements with soluble organic matter should be considered in further research.

espanolRESUMEN Los trastornos fonoaudiologicos comprenden alteraciones de voz, lenguaje, audicion, habla y deglucion, estas condiciones pueden presentarse de forma aislada o con mayor frecuencia, secundario a una condicion organica o neurologica que comprometa una o mas de las areas mencionadas. La estadia del paciente hospitalizado en las diferentes areas de servicio depende de la patologia base y de los eventos posteriores a este, que en mayoria de ocasiones es el principal determinante del tiempo de permanencia del individuo en la sala de hospitalizacion. El objetivo de la investigacion es dar a conocer la incidencia de trastornos fonoaudiologicos en pacientes hospitalizados en el area de medicina interna, la presente investigacion se lleva a cabo en un nosocomio de segundo nivel de atencion, con una duracion de 7 meses, el numero total de atendidos en esta area durante el tiempo de estudio fue de 212, mientras que 158 fueron pacientes que presentaron un trastorno fonoaudiologico. Se obtuvieron datos provenientes de las historias clinicas de cada uno de los pacientes y se realizaron valoraciones por el area de fonoaudiologia. El trastorno deglutorio fue el que tuvo la prevalencia mas alta entre la muestra estudiada, con un total de 120 casos causados en 38 veces por neumonia, mientras que el trastorno del habla se presento en menor cantidad. EnglishSpeech and language disorders include voice, language, hearing, speech and swallowing disorders. These conditions can occur in isolation or more frequently, secondary to an organic or neurological condition that compromises one or more of the aforementioned areas. The stay of the hospitalized patient in the different service areas depends on the underlying pathology and the events after it, which in most cases is the main determinant of the individual's time spent in the hospital-ization room. The objective of the research is to publicize the incidence of speech therapy disorders in hospitalized patients in the area of internal medicine, the present investigation is carried out in a second-level care hospital, with a duration of 7 months, the total number Of attended in this area during the study time was 212, while 158 were patients who presented a speech-language disorder. Data were obtained from the medical records of each of the patients and assessments were made by the speech therapy area. Swallowing disorder was the one with the highest prevalence among the sample stud-ied, with a total of 120 cases caused 38 times by pneumonia, while speech disorder occurred in lesser quantity. portuguesOs disturbios da fala e da linguagem incluem disturbios de voz, linguagem, audicao, fala e degluticao. Essas condicoes podem ocorrer de forma isolada ou, mais frequentemente, secundarias a uma condicao orgânica ou neurologica que comprometa uma ou mais das areas citadas. A permanencia do paciente internado nas diferentes areas de servico depende da patologia de base e dos eventos subsequentes, que na maioria das vezes e o principal determinante do tempo de permanencia do individuo na sala de internacao. O objetivo da pesquisa e divulgar a incidencia de disturbios fonoaudiologicos em pacientes internados na area de clinica medica, a presente investigacao e realizada em um hospital de segundo nivel de atendimento, com duracao de 7 meses, numero total De atendidos nessa area durante o tempo de estudo foi de 212, enquanto 158 eram pacientes que apresentavam algum disturbio fonoaudiologico. Os dados foram ob-tidos nos prontuarios de cada um dos pacientes e as avaliacoes foram feitas pela area de Fonoaudiologia. O disturbio da degluticao foi o que apresentou maior prevalencia na amostra estudada, com um total de 120 casos causados 38 vezes por pneumonia, enquanto o disturbio da fala ocorreu em menor quantidade.

We present two cases of patients with immature skeleton and intra-articular fracture of the proximal radius, treated conservatively in the acute phase and that presented later on with severe chondral degeneration that required surgical treatment. Clinical outcome at 3 years follow-up is reported. This report underlines the association between intra-articular proximal radius fracture in skeletally immature patients and poor clinical outcome. We suggest the need for a high index of suspicion regarding chondral lesions in minimally or non-displaced proximal radius intra-articular fractures in patients with open physis, and more advanced imaging studies are advocated in these cases.

The research aims to analyze the situational strategic planning (SSP) of the Institute for the Promotion of Human Talent of Ecuador. The methodology was based on a descriptive type with a non-experimental field design, with the population sample made up of 269 scholars from the Institute for the Promotion of Human Talent of Ecuador. The SSP helped to set priorities, allowing to focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the institute, helping to solve the problems of changes in the internal and external environment, it depends on it that the organizational objectives are successfully achieved. The IFTH in a period of 10 months can improve all the services in terms of scholarships in order to satisfy the needs of the scholarship recipients who are currently dissatisfied due to issues of dissatisfaction of the scholarship recipients.

Background St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic and autochthonous on the American continent. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is a vector of SLEV; however, Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis have also been found to be naturally infected with SLEV. The aim of this study was to determine the vector competence of C. interfor and C. saltanensis for SLEV from Argentina compared with C. p. quinquefasciatus. Methods Female of the Culex species were orally infected by feeding on viraemic chicks that had been inoculated with SLEV. Abdomens, legs and saliva blood-fed mosquitoes were analysed by viral plaque assay. Results Mosquitoes were susceptible to orally acquired infection, dissemination and transmission of SLEV in the saliva. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that C. saltanensis and C. interfor are susceptible to SLEV and competent for its transmission.

espanolLa tortuga mesoamericana (Trachemys ornata) es una especie endemica de agua dulce que se localiza en el oeste de Mexico. Su distribucion va desde Culiacan, en el estado de Sinaloa, hasta Puerto Vallarta, en Jalisco. El objetivo de la investigacion aqui descrita fue modelar y mapear la distribucion potencial de esta especie utilizando registros de localidades y diez variables climaticas como predictoras ambientales. De acuerdo con el modelo, realizado mediante el software Maxent, la probabilidad de hallar a esta tortuga se incrementa hacia las llanuras costeras de Sinaloa, Nayarit y el noroestede Jalisco, asi como en los cauces de rios. El mapa de distribucion potencial puede ser de utilidad para enfocar esfuerzos efectivos de muestreo en areas especificas de la region EnglishThe Ornate Slider (Trachemys ornata) is an endemic freshwater turtle that occurs in western Mexico. Its distribution ranges from Culiacan, in Sinaloa state, to Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco. Our goal was to model and map the potencial distribution of Ornate Slider used localities records and ten climate variables as environmental predictors. The modeling was done using Maxent software. Based on the model, the probability to find the species is higher towards the coastal plains of Sinaloa, Nayarit and northwesternJalisco, as well as in drainages. The potential distribution map, will be useful to focus effective sampling efforts in specific areas of the region

En mayo del 2019, se modificó la metodología de la Encuesta de Confianza de los Consumidores, cambiando de la telefonía fija a la móvil, por lo que las cuatro encuestas previas se realizaron con ambos métodos para investigar el efecto en el Índice de Confianza del Consumidor (ICC), entre otras estadísticas de interés. En tres de las encuestas no se encontró evidencia de diferencias en las magnitudes del ICC. Además, la disminución de la confianza que registró el índice de mayo a noviembre se dio con ambos tipos de encuesta (-16,8 puntos con la fija y -16,0 puntos con la móvil) y el aumento de la confianza en las encuestas siguientes fue similar (6,6 y 6,4, respectivamente). Se concluye que, usando ambas metodologías, la magnitud de las estimaciones del ICC, y de otros indicadores de interés, no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en tres de las cuatro encuestas y que también reproducen la misma tendencia.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted wound (UAW) debridement in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). All selected studies were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. PubMed and Web of Science were searched in October 2021 to find randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the effect of UAW debridement on DFUs. RevMan v5.4. was used to analyze the data with the Mantel–Haenszel method for dichotomous outcomes. A total of 8 RCT met our inclusion criteria, with 263 participants. Concerning the healing rate comparing UAW versus the control group, a meta-analysis estimated the pooled OR at 2.22 (95% CI 0.96–5.11, p = 0.06), favoring UAW debridement, with low heterogeneity (x2 = 7.47, df = 5, p = 0.19, I2 = 33%). Time to healing was similar in both groups: UAW group (14.25 ± 10.10 weeks) versus the control group (13.38 ± 1.99 weeks, p = 0.87). Wound area reduction was greater in the UAW debridement group (74.58% ± 19.21%) than in the control group (56.86% ± 25.09%), although no significant differences were observed between them (p = 0.24). UAW debridement showed higher healing rates, a greater percentage of wound area reduction, and similar healing times when compared with placebo (sham device) and standard of care in patients with DFUs, although no statistically significant differences were observed between groups.

Objetivo: Se planteó analizar las displasias dentarias en los incisivos centrales. Método: Descriptivo documental de 15 articulos publicados en los últimos 5 años en base de datos PubMed, Scopus, WOS. Conclusión: El tratamiento de la displasia dentinaria es menos problemático que la displasia dentinaria periapical. Como las cámaras pulpares no se obstruyen, puede realizarse el tratamiento endodóntico convencional en caso necesario en los dientes permanentes. Se puede colocar una dentadura sobre el diente afectado para cubrirlo y así evitar alguna otra afección.

Introduction Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes infections in women during pregnancy and puerperium and invasive infections in newborns. The genes lmb, cylE, scpB, and hvgA are involved with increased virulence of GBS, and hypervirulent clones have been identified in different regions. In addition, increasing resistance of GBS to macrolides and lincosamides has been reported, so knowing the patterns of antibiotic resistance may be necessary to prevent and treat GBS infections. This study aimed to identify virulence genes and antibiotic resistance associated with GBS colonization in pregnant women from northeastern Mexico. Methods Pregnant women with 35–37 weeks of gestation underwent recto-vaginal swabbing. One swab was inoculated into Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with gentamicin and nalidixic acid, a second swab was inoculated into LIM enrichment broth, and a third swab was submerged into a transport medium. All samples were subcultured onto blood agar. After overnight incubation, suggestive colonies with or without hemolysis were analyzed to confirm GBS identification by Gram staining, catalase test, hippurate hydrolysis, CAMP test, and incubation in a chromogenic medium. We used latex agglutination to confirm and serotype GBS isolates. Antibiotic resistance patterns were assessed by Vitek 2 and disk diffusion. Periumbilical, rectal and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from some newborns of colonized mothers. All colonized women and their newborns were followed up for three months to assess the development of disease attributable to GBS. Draft genomes of all GBS isolates were obtained by whole-genome sequencing. In addition, bioinformatic analysis to identify genes encoding capsular polysaccharides and virulence factors was performed using BRIG, while antibiotic resistance genes were identified using the CARD database. Results We found 17 GBS colonized women out of 1154 pregnant women (1.47%). None of the six newborns sampled were colonized, and no complications due to GBS were detected in pregnant women or newborns. Three isolates were serotype I, 5 serotype II, 3 serotype III, 4 serotype IV, and 2 serotype V. Ten distinct virulence gene profiles were identified, being scpB, lmb, fbsA, acp, PI-1, PI-2a, cylE the most common (3/14, 21%). The virulence genes identified were scpB, lmb, cylE, PI-1, fbsA, PI-2a, acp, fbsB, PI-2b, and hvgA. We identified resistance to tetracycline in 65% (11/17) of the isolates, intermediate susceptibility to clindamycin in 41% (7/17), and reduced susceptibility to ampicillin in 23.5% (4/17). The tetM gene associated to tetracyclines resistance was found in 79% (11/14) and the mel and mefA genes associated to macrolides resistance in 7% (1/14). Conclusions The low prevalence of colonization and the non-occurrence of mother-to-child transmission suggest that the intentional search for GBS colonization in this population is not justified. Our results also suggest that risk factors should guide the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. The detection of strains with genes coding virulence factors means that clones with pathogenic potential circulates in this region. On the other hand, the identification of decreased susceptibility to antibiotics from different antimicrobial categories shows the importance of adequately knowing the resistance patterns to prevent and to treat GBS perinatal infection.

La siguiente investigación tiene como propósito presentar un estudio de la oferta académica y la demanda laboral para la carrera de Administración de Negocios en Costa Rica. ¿Ofrecen las universidades a sus estudiantes las herramientas necesarias para satisfacer las demandas del mercado? Como metodología, se creó un índice que vincula la demanda laboral con la oferta académica, por medio de una nota que determina la compatibilidad de cada universidad y las posiciona. Para analizar la oferta académica, se tomaron todos los planes de estudio de las carreras acreditadas ante el Sinaes y se analizaron y dividieron en dos áreas: básica y complementaria. Con respecto a la demanda, se realizó un censo basado en el top cuarenta de las mejores empresas para trabajar, según Great Place to Work 2018, en el cual se preguntaba sobre las aptitudes y actitudes que buscan al reclutar. El índice arrojó notas entre 30.48 hasta 56.68, posicionando a la Universidad de Costa Rica en el cuarto lugar. The following research aims to present a study of academic supply and labor demand for the Business Administration career in Costa Rica. Do universities offer their students the necessary tools to meet market demands? As a methodology, an index was created that links the labor demand with the academic offer, by means of a note that determines the compatibility of each university and positions them. To analyze the academic offer, all the curricula of the careers were taken accredited to Sinaes, they were analyzed and divided into two areas: basic and complementary. With respect to the demand, a census was made based on the top forty companies according to Great Place to Work 2018, where they asked about the skills and attitudes they seek when recruiting. The index threw notes between 30.48 and 56.68, placing the University of Costa Rica in fourth place.

After the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake (Mw 8.8), several reinforced concrete (RC) buildings presented damage in some walls (crushing of concrete, buckling and fracture of steel reinforcement). These buildings had been designed according to the up-to-date seismic standards in the country and were not expected to suffer damage as severe as what was observed. Common features of the damaged walls were: little or no confinement at the wall ends; relatively high axial load; narrow thicknesses (below 200 mm); and discontinuities in height. Slender RC walls are often used in Chile and commonly, due to architectural constraints, the length of the walls changes between floors designated for parking use and the upper floors, creating a setback in the lower levels. These types of walls are commonly called “flag walls”. The problem of discontinuity has not been investigated experimentally and therefore it is necessary to observe its impact in RC walls. Four structural wall specimens were designed, one with no discontinuity and the other three with different sizes of the setback. They were tested under a nominal constant axial load of 0.1f'cAg and cyclic lateral loads increasing at specific drift levels. Conventional instrumentation and photogrammetry were used to monitor the tests. The experimental results show that the impact of the setback, for the sizes tested, is not significant for the strength but it is relevant for the strength degradation and deformation capacity. Strains in the extreme fibers, curvature and principal strains are studied using photogrammetry. It is found that the plastic hinge length increases with drift, but it remains constrained to the setback region. Another discontinuity is found around the reinforcement of the setback where large concentration of strains can cause premature failure of the wall.

El artículo analiza los contratos entre el sistema público de salud y proveedores privados. En específico; se estudia la participación del sector privado en el sistema público de salud y cómo se acude a mecanismos contractuales para incorporarlos en ellos; una tendencia que a nivel internacional cobra mayor fuerza. En el diseño contractual se presentan dos grandes tendencias. La primera de ellas se crear condiciones de mercado en la prestación de las atenciones de salud; en la que el privado compite con entes públicos por los mismos recursos. La segunda tendencia es plantear la participación de prestadores privados como colaboradores del sector público; caso en el que los contratos serán mecanismos articuladores de una red asistencial. El artículo muestra que la segunda tendencia es la que se aplica en el caso chileno. Se argumenta que los convenios realizados por los servicios de salud y sus entes dependientes; han tendido a crear una suerte de cuasimercado de prestaciones de salud. A la vez; se analiza cómo los contratos celebrados por Fonasa; que han articulado una red público privada con resultados positivos.

The present research aimed to establish the association between personal factors (age, sex, hours connected and school of origin) and the digital competencies of university students, which have been originated and developed with a greater degree of intensity during the pandemic, generating as a consequence the need for distance education. The study was basic, explanatory, and quantitative, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1242 students of the Faculty of Medicine from the tenth to the fourth cycle: 658 males (53.0%) and 584 females (47.0%). A probabilistic sampling by strata was performed and the questionnaire of Gutiérrez et al. (2017), an instrument for the evaluation of the digital competence of the university student with a reliability of 0.997, was used. It was concluded that personal factors are associated with digital competencies in students of a private university because the personal factors of sex, age, school of origin and hours connected to social networks presented p < 0.05. Regarding descriptive results, 52.3% of male students presented ineffective level. Of students aged 22 years or younger, 58.2% presented an ineffective level. It was observed that 57.7% of the students who come from private schools presented an ineffective level, and 57.1% of the students who connect for 3 hours or less presented an ineffective level.

Objetivo: Evaluar la degradación de resinas compuestas en cuanto a su masa y rugosidad, al ser sometidas al contacto con enjuagues bucales. Materiales y Métodos: 88 discos de resinas nanohíbridas Grandio (VOCO) y Filtek Z250 XT (3M), correspondieron 44 discos para cada resina, a su vez se dividieron en 3 subgrupos (n: 14) y 2 discos seleccionados aleatoriamente fueron considerados control. Fueron sumergidos en un mismo enjuague bucal, Listerine Zero, Coolmint, y Whitening por 21 minutos, seguido por un nuevo pesaje y evaluación de la rugosidad superficial, para luego ser colocados en contacto con saliva artificial por 12 horas, entrando nuevamente en contacto con el enjuague respectivo y ser sometidos a una nueva evaluación de peso y rugosidad. Cada uno de estos ciclos fue ejecutado hasta completar 1092 minutos a una temperatura ambiente de 37°C. Resultados: las mediciones de rugosidad y peso analizados mediante ANOVA (p

Los agentes utilizados en blanqueamiento dental provocan una respuesta inflamatoria de la pulpa, que depende de la concentración y el tiempo de aplicación de la sustancia empleada. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de penetración del blanqueamiento a base de peróxido de carbamida a diferentes concentraciones: 10, 20 y 35% dentro de la cámara pulpar. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 120 terceros molares humanos extraídos, divididos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos (n=30): grupo A: control; grupo B: 10% gel de Peróxido de Carbamida (CP del inglés Carbamide Peroxide); grupo C: 20% gel CP y grupo D: 35% gel CP. Los dientes se cortaron 2 mm por debajo del límite amelocementario con una máquina de corte, se colocó buffer de acetato en la cámara pulpar y se aplicó por 40 minutos el agente clareador una sola vez. Los dientes se mantuvieron a temperatura ambiente (25°C) durante el proceso. La penetración de CP se estimó con cristal violeta y peroxidasa de rábano picante, en un espectrofotómetro de absorbancia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante las pruebas estadísticas ANOVA complementada con el Test post Hoc de Tukey con un grado de significancia al 5%. Resultados: Las medias obtenidas para el Grupo B fueron de 0,062 mg (±0,018), para el Grupo C fueron de 0,063 mg (±0,017), y para el Grupo D fueron de 0,086 mg (±0,024). Existiendo diferencia significativa (p=

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) spirochetes are associated with a wide range of vectors and hosts. Birds are important hosts in the ecology of some hard ticks (Ixodidae) in northwestern Argentina, where B. burgdorferi s.l. have been detected in Ixodes pararicinus. We evaluated Borrelia infection in ticks collected from wild birds by molecular analysis through the presence of Borrelia DNA (by nested-PCR targeting the fla gene). A total of 381 ticks (357 larvae and 24 nymphs) belonging to four species (I. pararicinus, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris and Amblyomma sp.) were collected. Partial sequences of the fla gene of Borrelia (100% identical to Borrelia sp. haplotype I from Argentina) were detected in 9 of 70 tick pools (6 pools of larvae and 1 pool of nymphs of I. pararicinus, and in 2 pools of H. juxtakochi larvae) collected on Turdus rufiventris, Syndactila rufosuperciliata and Troglodytes aedon. The results of this study suggest that resident birds have reservoir capacity for Borrelia sp. haplotype I. Fil: Flores, Fernando Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella"; Argentina Fil: Muñoz Leal, Sebastián. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Diaz, Luis Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella"; Argentina Fil: Labruna, Marcelo B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil

Differentiating osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) from metastatic vertebral fractures (MVF) is difficult. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based score (META score) aiming to differentiate OVF and MVF was recently published; however, an independent agreement assessment is required before the score is used. We performed such independent agreement evaluation, including raters with different levels of training. Sixty-four patients with confirmed OVF or MVF were evaluated by six raters (three spine surgeons and three orthopaedic residents) using the META score. We used the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate inter- and intra-observer agreement and the kappa statistic (κ) to determine the agreement for individual score criteria. We calculated the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) to establish the score accuracy. The inter-observer agreement was poor [ICC = 0.22 (0.12–0.33)]; spine surgeons [ICC = 0.75 (0.66–0.83)] had better agreement than that of residents [ICC = 0.06 (− 0.07 to 0.23)]. The intra-observer agreement was poor [ICC = 0.15 (− 0.04 to 0.30)]; both spine surgeons [ICC = 0.21 (0.05–0.41)] and residents exhibited poor agreement [ICC = − 0.06 (− 0.40 to 0.20)]. The agreement for each specific criterion varied from κ = 0.24 to κ = 0.38. The AUC was 0.57 (0.64 for spine surgeons and 0.51 for residents, p

El ciempiés escolopéndrido Scolopendra pomacea es una especie endémica que solo se conoce para los estados del centro de México: Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Morelos y Puebla. Aquí presentamos el registro de la especie para nuevas localidades en los estados de Jalisco y San Luis Potosí. Además, la distribución potencial de S. pomacea se evaluó al utilizar los registros de localidades y nueve variables climáticas como predictores ambientales. El modelo se generó con el programa MaxEnt. Los resultados mostraron que la estacionalidad de la temperatura (42,7%) fue la principal variable que explica la distribución de la especie en el país. En la proyección geográfica (mapa de distribución potencial), la probabilidad de observar a la especie disminuye hacia ambas costas, al norte y sureste del país; pero es alta, superior a 0,8 en la región conocida como provincia biogeográfica de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana.

Durante una visita a la Isla María Cleofas, en el archipiélago de las Islas Marías, ubicado en la desembocadura del Golfo de California, México, se recolectaron tres especímenes del ciempiés tigre Scolopendra polymorpha Wood, 1861 (ejemplares de longitud: 73 mm, 91 mm y 125 mm). Hasta donde sabemos, estos ejemplares representan el primer registro confirmado de la especie para la Isla María Cleofas. Probablemente, el ciempiés tigre y la fauna de ciempiés en general de la Isla María Cleofas provienen de áreas continentales adyacentes.

El derecho fundamental a la salud y la medicina ancestral

The Ribera Norte (North Riverbank) Urban Recovery Program (prurn) in the city of Concepcion is one of the major urban renewal projects promoted by the Chilean government in the 1990s and is still underway to this date. Its importance lies in its large intervention area and the complexity of a highly marginal sector, a few blocks away from the city center. This article gives a synthesis of its development and evaluates the results achieved in relation to the program’s objectives, twenty years after the program’s inception. The methodology consists of a chronological analysis that reviews the proposed objectives, management model and achievements of the program’s three dimensions: social, urban, and real estate. As a result, those public policy tools that have been effective in solving complex urban problems are validated; and these are the same problems that continue to generate conflicts in most Latin American cities.

Pectins are a type of soluble fiber present in natural and processed foods. Evidence regarding the effect of esterification degree of pectins on iron absorption in humans is scarce. In the present study, the effect of pectins with different degrees of esterification on non-heme iron absorption in women was evaluated. A controlled experimental study was conducted with block design, involving 13 apparently healthy, adult women. Each subject received 5 mg Fe (FeSO4) without pectin (control) or accompanied by 5 g citrus pectin, two with a low degree of esterification (27 and 36%), and one with a high degree of esterification (67 to 73%), each on different days. Each day, the 5 mg Fe doses were marked with radioactive 59Fe or 55Fe. Radioactivity incorporated into erythrocytes was determined in blood samples 14 days after the marked Fe doses were consumed. On days 18 and 36 of study, 30 and 20 mL blood samples were obtained, respectively, and blood sample radioactivity incorporated into erythrocytes was determined. Body iron status was determined from blood taken on day 18. Whole body blood volume was estimated for calculate iron bioavailability; it was assumed that 80% of absorbed radioactivity was incorporated into the Hb. All women participants signed an informed consent of participation at baseline. Iron bioavailability (mean geometric ±1 SD) alone (control) was 18.2% (12.3–27.1%), iron + pectin27 was 17.2% (10.2–29.2%), iron + pectin36 was 15.3% (9.5–24.6%), and iron + pectin67 was 19.5% (10.0–38.0%). No statistically significant differences between iron bioavailability (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.22) were observed. Pectin esterification degree does not influence the bioavailability of non-heme iron in women.