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The professional experiences of school nurses who work outside of urban areas are not often described. We used data from a 2019 statewide survey of school nurses to describe differences between the urban and non-urban (urban cluster and rural) school nurse workforce in New Mexico. Non-urban school nurses were twice as likely as urban nurses to provide clinical services to multiple school campuses (P <.001) and more likely to serve both elementary and secondary school settings (P =.002). They were less likely than urban school nurses to be bachelor's prepared, or to have received recent continuing education on diabetes (P <.001), reproductive health (P = 0.02), LGBQ+ and transgender student health (P <.001, for each), and suicide risk assessment and screening (P =.012). Our findings underscore concerns about geographic differences in the school nursing workforce in terms of educational preparation and student access that could potentially limit the school nurse role in advancing child health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School nurses are critical components of school-based interdisciplinary teams supporting student behavioral health. The purpose of the present study is to understand the extent to which school nurses in New Mexico across grade levels manage emergencies related to behavioral health, violence, and trauma. The study also seeks to identify which topics the school nurses received continuing education (CE) for, and which topics they consider to be important to their practice. Analyses of 2019 statewide survey data show a considerable number of school nurses in New Mexico provide management for behavioral health, violence, and trauma-related emergencies, and nurses in secondary schools are significantly more likely than nurses in primary schools to report managing these emergencies and to have received CE on behavioral health topics. Our findings reaffirm the essential role of school nurses in addressing emergent student health issues and underscore the need for practice- and competency-based behavioral health CE opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on occupational risks among organic farmers is scarce. This study explored safety practices and non-fatal injuries among organic producers, and the role of sociodemographic, work, and farm characteristics on safety and injury. Cross sectional survey of certified organic crop producers in the Southwest (SW) region of the United States (US). The Organic Integrity Database was used for recruitment. Data were collected through an electronic and paper survey. Analyses were conducted on 115 cases; response rate was estimated at 25%. A high majority of respondents owned their operation and were younger than 65 years, male, educated beyond high-school, and non-Hispanic whites. Less than half had more than 10 years of experience in organic farming; one-third worked off the farm year-round. Safety practices were very basic despite the widespread use of equipment and machinery, and limited to wearing normal clothing and apparel such hats and glasses. About half of respondents (52.6%) reported non-fatal injuries in the past year; and one-third (32.7%) time lost due to injuries. The overall cumulative incidence rate was estimated at 5.3 injuries per 10 workers within the last year. The injury rate decreased with hours worked. Significant differences were found on gender and education level and safety practices, with female respondents and the more educated being more proactive in practicing safety. Those working less than 40 h/week, in farms smaller than 50 acres, using light machinery or compact utility tractors, and tractors without roll-over protection reported significantly higher injury frequency compared to their counterparts. This study contributes unique data on an essential workforce not captured by current occupational injury and illness surveillance systems. It identifies important personal and contextual factors that may contribute to safety and injury in this population. The findings indicate the need to promote safety and prevent injuries that result in work time lost. This study may also inform future occupational safety and health research and practice, including surveillance, injury prevention programs that target certain workers and production practices, and policies that support and protect the organic farmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study examines the associations between specific maternity care practices and breastfeeding duration for Spanish-speaking Hispanic, English-speaking Hispanic, non-Hispanic Native American, and non-Hispanic White women. Methods We analyzed data from the 2012-2014 New Mexico Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We used survey language as a proxy measure of acculturation and categorized women as Spanish-speaking Hispanic, English-speaking Hispanic, non-Hispanic Native American, and non-Hispanic White. We conducted bivariate analyses to compare rates of breastfeeding at 2 months and experiences of maternity care practices and logistic regression analysis to estimate the effects of these practices on breastfeeding duration for each group. Results Hispanic women were less likely than non-Hispanic women to breastfeed for at least 2 months (67.9% vs. 76.6%; p = 0.000); however, this varied significantly by acculturation level: 78.1% of Spanish-speaking Hispanic women compared to 66.1% of English-speaking Hispanic women breastfed for at least 2 months (p = 0.000). The effects of specific maternity care practices on duration varied across groups. Among non-Hispanic White, Native American, and English-speaking Hispanic women, breastfeeding while at the hospital had the strongest effect (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.67-2.61; AOR 2.71, 95% CI 2.08-3.52; and AOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.76-2.25, respectively). Among Spanish-speaking Hispanic women, being encouraged to breastfeed on demand had the strongest effect (AOR 5.179, 95% CI 3.86-6.94). Conclusions for Practice The effects of maternity care practices on breastfeeding duration vary by race, ethnicity, and acculturation level. Health care systems must acknowledge the diversity of their patient populations when seeking to develop and implement breastfeeding-friendly practices., Author(s): Rachel A. Sebastian [sup.1] , Eirian Coronado [sup.2] , Maria D. Otero [sup.3] , Courtney R. McKinney [sup.4] , Mary M. Ramos [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) Child Policy Research [...]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readiness of a university‐based school‐based health center (SBHC) program to implement the screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) model. We completed preimplementation surveys and interviews with providers, staff, and administrators at participating SBHCs (N = 19) to measure current protocols for and barriers to addressing adolescent substance use and barriers and facilitators to implementing SBIRT. We used the R = MC2 heuristic (readiness equals motivation, general organizational capacity, and innovation‐specific capacity) to interpret findings from the data. Using the R = MC2 heuristic, we identified factors that may aid implementation, including the prioritization of substance use and a supportive organizational culture, as well as potential barriers, including competing high‐priority health issues and a lack of resources for innovation. This study contributes to the emerging literature on the implementation of the SBIRT model with adolescents and in SBHCs and demonstrates the practical applicability of the R = MC2 heuristic for assessing implementation readiness. SBHCs are ideal locations for addressing substance use but SBHC providers also face unique challenges when implementing the SBIRT model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on school-based health centers (SBHCs) providing a range of health services for addressing the physical and mental health needs of students. Topics include low cost of SBIRT, minimal potential for individual harm, large potential for population-level benefits, and the use of SBHCs by adolescents; and providing strong rationale for incorporating SBIRT into the ongoing clinical work of SBHCs.