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Zusammenfassung Krieg verändert pädagogische Verhältnisse – die Reflexion dieser Veränderungen bleibt aber oft aus. Statt über die Bedingungen pädagogischen Handelns in Kriegszeiten wird zumeist nur der Weg zum Frieden diskutiert. Unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept der belligerent citizenship wird in diesem Beitrag herausgearbeitet, wie sich die Voraussetzungen pädagogischen Handelns in Kriegszeiten verändern. Zudem wird das Konzept der expansive education eingeführt, um auszuweisen, wie demokratie- und menschenrechtspädagogische Arbeit ermöglicht werden kann. Anerkennung von Schuld, Vergebung und Versöhnung sind zentrale Begriffe, die weiter zu reflektieren sind. Der Artikel leistet so einen grundlagentheoretischen Beitrag für pädagogisches Denken und Handeln unter kriegerischen Bedingungen.

Transitions are a hot topic in educational science. At the same time, they have been addressed in educational literature for quite some time, and the multitude of guidebooks in particular have always been concerned with supporting transitions. This paper elaborates how a nineteenth-century guidebook formulates advice on the upbringing of young children to help facilitate the transition from the post-natal to the toddler stage, as well as providing a religious upbringing. The question is answered by a discussion of the selected guidebook Ueber Kleinkinder- Pflege by the pietist teacher Christian Heinrich Zeller.

This paper aspires to show the often-obscured structure of alternatives in education. Alternative education is generally understood as an umbrella term for educational thought and practice for and in schools differing from an assumed ‘mainstream’, where ‘alternative’ is often taken to mean ‘better’. In many cases, ‘mainstream’ serves as an empty signifier that can be substituted by various forms of criticism. Just as progressive education is supposed to remedy all the ills of traditional education, alternative education is often positioned as a safe place to retreat to, away from the mainstream. I argue that this leads to a dichotomous structure. The mainstream, however, is not an empirical reality, for example, a specific form of curriculum, differentiation of different types of schooling, or anything else. ‘Mainstream’ serves as a generic critical reference point. My argument is developed through a series of historical discussions around alternative education explored through the lens of contemporary analysis of the category. I then offer a more systematic account of the terminology in order to establish a perspective from which to assess the flaws and problems of alternative education alongside its potential virtues and benefits.

›The Viable Small Change of Moral Education‹. Pedagogical Pathways to Tolerance in the Writings of the Ethical Movement In this paper, a historical-systematic approach to pedagogical practices for promoting tolerance is developed based on selected texts of the Ethical Movement in Germany and the United States. The paper answers the question of how pedagogical practice and self-formation were conceptualized in order to educate tolerant individuals and thus reform society. It is shown that tolerance is not an adjunct in all the considerations taken into account, but rather a stated goal as a conscious acceptance of the otherness of others.

We demonstrate a novel process for building a Resistive RAM (ReRAM) stack which reduces the forming voltage ( $\text{V}_{\textit {form}}$ ) and increases the switching resistance, both characteristics that are important ingredients for the use of ReRAM in scalable analog compute for AI. Utilizing this process, we explore analog switching characteristics above 100k $\Omega $ and demonstrate 4-bit programming at Rmax $=1\text{M}\Omega $ . Utilizing the same writing characteristics, CIFAR-10 inference simulation shows 90% accuracy, comparable to the full precision model accuracy.

Current political controversies concerning progressive concepts of sex education in schools lead to an often openly aggressive dispute about the handling of identity concepts, understandings of gender, and knowledge in school and extracurricular contexts. In addition to general emancipatory concepts which emphasise diversity and tolerance, the discussion increasingly considers queer-theoretical interventions. This article outlines the axiological questions of a queer pedagogy, and offers insights into practices which might emerge as a result of such considerations. At the same time, it formulates theoretical questions of a queer pedagogy as they pertain to a more general theory of educational processes, and which concern not only the practice of teaching and learning, but also the formation of educational theory.

Interfacing standard optical fibers with high index-contrast photonic waveguides remains a substantial challenge restricting the cost-efficiency and scalability of silicon photonic devices. To address this, we have proposed a mechanically compliant polymer interface, formed of a standard fiber connection and a flexible ribbon with lithographically defined polymer waveguides. Self-aligned mechanical assembly and optical mode evolution designs are employed for low cost and large spectral bandwidth. In this paper, we review our progress leading to the full demonstration of this concept with −1.8 dB peak transmission from a plugged-in standard fiber connector to Si wire waveguides. This with 0.7 dB roll-off on a 100 nm bandwidth and all polarization. We present a comprehensive analysis of loss sources and discuss intermediate results, self-alignment accuracy, and reliability.

Der vorliegende Artikel nimmt die Forschungsmethode Autoethnografie als Ausgangspunkt, um kreatives Schreiben für die wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisproduktion hervorzuheben. Diskutiert wird das Verhältnis von Autoethnografie und kreativem Schreiben und dargestellt, welche Rolle das kreative Schreiben in der Autoethnografie zur Erkenntnisgewinnung einnimmt. Hierfür wird die autoethnografische Herangehensweise schrittweise skizziert sowie die Bedeutung der narrativen Konstruktion von Geschichten und ihr Verständnis von Erkenntnis vorgestellt. So wird deutlich, dass die Praxis des kreativen Schreibens notwendige Bedingung für autoethnografisches Arbeiten ist.

Sebastian Engelmann erarbeitet in seinem Beitrag die Konstruktion von Geschlechterverhältnissen in ausgewählten Erziehungsratgebern der Nachkriegszeit.

In times of antidemocratic resentment and rising societal diversity, harmony and unity become questionable as the normative foundation for modern approaches to education. This article makes plausible the assertion that educational thought needs to change one of its basic theoretical assump- tions: the overall perception of conflicts. In a first step, the article introduces the concept of the “School Republic”, summarizing the ideas of Hermann Lietz and then its advancements by Minna Specht. In a second step, the article ties this specific pedagogical arrangement to recent political theory and one well-known concept of human rights education. Finally, the article discusses the scope of the approach which is sketched out here and identifies links to recent discussions in democraticcy education.

Improving the scalability and cost efficiency of photonic packaging is central to fulfilling the silicon photonic promise of low-cost devices with unprecedented optical complexity. A key enabler toward this goal is an efficient, large-mode, integrated fiber coupler and mode converter. Using standard fiber modes at fiber-to-chip junctions avoids expensive in-fiber mode conversion and relaxes alignment tolerances for low-cost assembly and improved reliability. Metamaterial waveguides, also called subwavelength gratings, are particularly useful for such structures. They provide unmatched design flexibility and, counter-intuitively, are more forgiving to fabrication tolerances than solid-core waveguides. Here, we summarize our work on interfacing self-aligned, standard cleaved fibers to rectangular Si routing waveguides. Fiber V-grooves are integrated on chip with metamaterial converters embedded in suspended oxide membranes to prevent coupler-mode leakage to the substrate. We show optical results from first integration of V-grooves with metamaterial converters to commercial structures fabricated in 300 mm CMOS production facilities. We demonstrate a peak transmission of −0.7 dB on the TE polarization and –1.4 dB on the TM polarization with a respective spectral roll-off of 0.3 and 0.4 dB over the 60 nm bandwidth measured.

Phase Change Memory (PCM) materials can be damaged during plasma exposure leading to changes in phase transition behavior. Etch-induced damage and crystallization properties of GeSbTe (GST) were evaluated as a function of substrate temperature, plasma chemistry, and plasma exposure time. Enhanced damage formation is related to selective elemental depletion and non-volatilized etch residue retention in the near surface region. These experiments validate literature findings that crystallization time increases with reduction in film thickness for GST samples capped with a thin SiO2 film, indicating the presence of a modified layer which serves as an interface layer material. A direct comparison of passivating properties of hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon on GST can be more conclusive with a fine tuning of film thickness and an evaluation of total residue retention with depth profiling.

Im Jahr 2021 jährt sich Rosa Luxemburgs Geburtstag zum 150. Mal. Auch wenn sie im Zuge der Revolution von 1918/19 einen gewaltsamen Tod fand und in der Folge viel getan wurde, ihr Andenken zu schmälern, bleiben ihre Werke bis heute eine Inspiration für all diejenigen, die versuchen, eine neue, bessere und gerechtere Welt zu schaffen. Der Band versammelt Arbeiten von deutschsprachigen und internationalen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern, die sich aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und mit verschiedenen Fragestellungen dem Nachwirken Luxemburgs widmen. Sie unterstreichen in ihrer Gänze den bedeutenden Stellenwert, den Luxemburgs Gedanken bis heute besitzen.