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Background: Patients admitted in especial units such as coronary care unit (CCU) require intensive care for different aspects including skin problems. Here in this report we aimed to perform a survey on different skin lesions in patients admitted in CCU by the time of admission and when discharging. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we had a survey on 200 patients admitted in CCU in AL-Zahra hospital, Isfahan. A dermatologist observed and examined each patients for any skin lesions by the time of admission and when discharging from CCU. Results: Here we showed that 15 percent of patients admitted in CCU have at least one skin lesion and also we indicated that seborrhea dermatitis and then rosacea have the most prevalence by the time of admission in CCU. Other skin lesions were acute skin failure. We also showed that prevalence of bed sore and pressure sores increased amazingly during admission. Conclusion: Rosacea, seborrhea dermatitis and drug allergic reactions after pressure sores are the most frequent skin lesions in CCU and there might be an association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases.

People who are homeless are greater risk of infections than the general public because they are often in poor health and have difficulty maintaining hygiene. This article discusses the treatment of head lice and uses a case history to outline specific issues that may arise in a person who is homeless and how these can be managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Different aspects of quality of life (QoL) of infants and children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are well studied but there is a lack of studies on seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The aim of this study was to compare the impact of SD, ACD and AD on young children. Parts of questionnaires were filled in during the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore we decided to check if the pandemic affected dermatology-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in our patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study approved by the local ethics committee of the Kiev City Clinical Dermatovenereologic Hospital parents of children with SD, ACD and AD from birth to 4 years old from the same department of dermatology were asked to fill in the dermatology-specific questionnaire the Infants and Toddlers Dermatology Quality of Life (InToDermQoL). Diagnoses were based on clinical manifestations and anamnesis. The study was carried out from 2018 till 2021. Results: The InToDermQoL questionnaire was filled in by 176 parents of children with SD, ACD and AD. Mean total InToDermQoL scores were significantly higher in children with AD than in SD and ACD (P < 0.01). HRQoL of children with AD during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly worse than before pandemic (41.30 ± 24.40 and 28.51 ± 17.67 respectively, P = 0.02). Scores of the item on 'sleep problems' significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in children with SD (1.19 ± 1.01 and 0.64 ± 0.63, P < 0.05), as did scores of the item on 'rejection by other children' in children with AD (0.96 ± 0.98 and 0.20 ± 0.45, P < 0.05). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge this is the first study on HRQoL of the youngest children with SD and ACD. In our study children with SD and ACD had comparable but lower impact of skin disease on their HRQoL than children with AD. The COVID-19 pandemic led to more severe HRQoL impairment in patients with AD visiting a dermatology department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callistemon viminalis has been widely known due to its therapeutic properties. Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Other respiratory diseases may also be caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Malassezia furfur causes dermal inflammation and tissue damage. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro inhibitory effects of essential oils (EOs) from C. viminalis leaves (EO-CL) and flowers (EO-CF) against M. tuberculosis , Mycobacterium kansasii , Mycobacterium avium and M. furfur strains. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the brine shrimp assay. Resulting MIC values of all EOs under study were promising since they ranged from 50 to 100 µg/mL. Both EO-CL and EO-CF showed nontoxicity against Artemia salina by the brine shrimp assay (LC 50 > 1000 µg/mL). GC-FID and GC-MS analyses showed that 1,8-cineole was the major component of both EOs. These results revealed the promising potential of EO-CL and EO-CF to develop new antibacterial and antifungal drugs.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing, papulosquamous inflammatory itchy dermatoses. It manifests as erythematous papules, macules, or ill-defined flat plaques with varying levels of scaling and pruritus. The exact pathogenesis of this condition is not known but Malassezia yeasts, hormones (androgens), amount of sebum produced, and deranged immune response are known to play important roles in its development. There is a wide range of therapeutic options to treat SD but some patients do not respond to any of the treatments. Here, we report three patients with treatment-resistant facial SD, successfully treated with light-emitting diode light therapy (LED-LT).

Abstract Cutaneous adverse events to dupilumab can be varied; this necessitates keeping a broad differential diagnosis to identify seemingly paradoxical reactions. It may be possible to treat the adverse event concurrently without stopping dupilumab.

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Seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) is a common, persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the areas rich in sebaceous glands. SD/D is widely prevalent in India but Malassezia species implicated are not well studied. To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of Malassezia species causing SD/D and understand the sociodemographic characteristics of SD/D in rural and urban populations, a total of 200 SD/D patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) from both rural and urban backgrounds were enrolled in this study. SD/D severity was clinically graded as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Severe (59%) and very severe (71%) form of SD/D was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population (P  = .004). The isolation rate of Malassezia was significantly higher in overall SD/D patients scalp (82%) compared to HC (67%) (P  = .005). From the scalp of SD/D patients, M. globosa (36.2%) was predominantly isolated followed by M. restricta (31.3%) , M. furfur (15.7%) , a mixture of M. globosa and M. restricta (12%) or M. arunalokei (4.8%). Similarly, M. globosa (49.3%) was predominately isolated from the scalp of HC followed by M. restricta (22.4%). M. restricta was significantly higher in the scalp of SD/D patients compared to HC and/or nasolabial fold of both SD/D patients and HC (P  = .0001). Our findings indicate that M. restricta has a high association with SD/D. More severe disease frequency was observed in the rural population. Precis Dandruff is associated with Malassezia restricta and very severe cases are higher in rural population, probably due the poor hygiene. Moderate to severe hair loss and itching were strongly associated with dandruff. Use of soaps to cleanse scalp appears to be better than shampoo in preventing dandruff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with flares of seborrhoeic dermatitis were compared with control outpatients seen during the same time-period in a case-control study, and with themselves while in remission in a case-crossover study. All patients consulted the same office-based dermatologist. During the study period, 189 cases and 189 controls were included in the case-control study, and 81 cases in the case-crossover study. Multivariate analysis was performed. Case-control study results were the following: past history of tobacco consumption (odds ratio (OR) 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.6)), conflict as a dispute during the past month (OR 10.6 (95% CI 1.0–114.3)), alcohol consumption on a regular basis (OR 10.2 (95% CI 2.0–52.6)), and higher level of stress during the past month (OR 8.2 (95% CI 3.4–19.9)). Case-crossover study results were the following: higher level of stress during the past month (OR 4.5 (1.7–12.2)), association borderline significant for higher level of alcohol consumption (OR 5.4 (0.8–34.9)). These risk factors for flares of seborrhoeic dermatitis should be taken into account carefully in the daily management of seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Latar Belakang: Dermatitis seboroik terjadi pada setengah populasi global remaja dan pasca-pubertas. Dermatitis seboroik menjadi salah satu masalah pada pengguna hijab, oleh karena itu peneliti ingin mengetahui perilaku perawatan rambut terhadap kejadian dermatitis seboroik pada siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dengan teknik simpel random sampling. Populasi sampel merupakan Siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang kelas 2 dan kelas 3 dengan kriteria inklusi siswi yang konsisten menggunakan hijab selama berada di sekolah dan di kehidupan sehari-hari, siswi berusia 15-17 tahun, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi meliputi siswi yang menderita penyakit kulit bagian kepala seperti Tinea Capitis, Psoriasis, Alopecia Areata, dan Pedikulosis, serta siswi yang pernah mengalami post trauma pada kepala (Trikotilomania, Alopecia dan siswi yang mengalami post operasi pada kepala. Data penelitian menggunakan data primer dengan pemeriksaan fisik menggunakan loop dan wawancara dengan kuesioner. Uji statistik penelitian menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 66 siswi, didapatkan hasil bahwa 84,8% (50 siswi) mengalami dermatitis seboroik. Pengunaan handuk (p=0,016; ß=3,429), frekuensi mengganti handuk (p0,022; ß=2,678), dan cara menyimpan handuk (p=0,018; ß=2,829) berpengaruh pada kejadian dermatitis seboroik Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku perawatan rambut terhadap dermatitis seboroik pada siswi SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang. Background: Seborrhoeic dermatitis occurs in half the global population of post-puberty adolescents. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is one of the problems in hijab users, therefore researchers want to know behavior of hair treatment to the occurrence of seborrheic dermatitis in students of High School Muhammadiyah 1 (SMA Muhammadiyah 1) Semarang. Method: an analytic observational study with cross sectional. Sampling using slovin formula with simple random sampling technique. The sample population is studentsof SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang class 2 and 3 with inclusion criteria consistent by using hijab during school and everyday life, female students aged 15-17 years;exclusion criteria include students suffering from skin diseases of the head such as Tinea Capitis, Psoriasis, Alopecia Areata, and Pediculosis; and students who have experienced post trauma to the head (Trichotillomania, Alopecia) and postoperative students on the head. Research data using primary data by physical examination using loop and interview with questionnaire. The research statistic used chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: From 66 female students, it was found that 84.8% (50 girls) had seborrheic dermatitis. use of towel (p = 0.016; ß = 3.429), the frequency of towel replacing (p0.022; ß= 2,678), and the way of towel (p= 0,018; ß = 2,829) had significant on occurrence of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between hair treatment behavior against seborrheic dermatitis in high school students of Muhammadiyah 1 Semarang

Patients with flares of seborrhoeic dermatitis were compared with control outpatients seen during the same time-period in a case-control study, and with themselves while in remission in a case-crossover study. All patients consulted the same office-based dermatologist. During the study period, 189 cases and 189 controls were included in the case-control study, and 81 cases in the case-crossover study. Multivariate analysis was performed. Case-control study results were the following: past history of tobacco consumption (odds ratio (OR) 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.6)), conflict as a dispute during the past month (OR 10.6 (95% CI 1.0-114.3)), alcohol consumption on a regular basis (OR 10.2 (95% CI 2.0-52.6)), and higher level of stress during the past month (OR 8.2 (95% CI 3.4-19.9)). Case-crossover study results were the following: higher level of stress during the past month (OR 4.5 (1.7-12.2)), association borderline significant for higher level of alcohol consumption (OR 5.4 (0.8-34.9)). These risk factors for flares of seborrhoeic dermatitis should be taken into account carefully in the daily management of seborrhoeic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current application was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of selenium and ketoconazole nanoparticles loaded hyaluronic acid gel against seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD). Amalgamation of ketoconazole (antifungal medication) and selenium (pro-oxidant) in an optimized formulation setting may help in the treatment of SD. In this study, selenium and ketoconazole nanoparticles loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel was prepared by mechanical mixing followed by sonication. Results of the optimized batch showed a mean particle size of 121 ± 12 nm for ketoconazole and 51 ± 7 nm for selenium. SEM and TEM study revealed the prepared nanoparticles are of nanoscale dimension, with smooth spherical outline. Finally, the optimized nanoparticles were incorporated into HA hydrogel. Hydrogel exhibits desirable physical, mechanical and rheological characteristics appropriate for topical application. Optimized gel formulation exhibited an enhanced permeability with better antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities, compared with the plain drug suspension. The optimized hydrogel with ketoconazole and selenium in nanotemplate could offer a potential strategy for the treatment of SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Biofilm formation represents a major microbial virulence attribute especially at epithelial surfaces such as the skin. Malassezia biofilm formation at the skin surface has not yet been addressed. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate Malassezia colonisation pattern on a reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) by imaging techniques. Methods: Malassezia clinical isolates were previously isolated from volunteers with pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis. Yeast of two strains of M furfur and M sympodialis were inoculated onto the SkinEthic™ RHE. The tissues were processed for light microscopy, wide‐field fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Colonisation of the RhE surface with aggregates of Malassezia yeast entrapped in a multilayer sheet with variable amount of extracellular matrix was unveiled by imaging techniques following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Whenever yeast were suspended in RPMI medium supplemented with lipids, the biofilm substantially increased with a dense extracellular matrix in which the yeast cells were embedded. Slight differences were found in the biofilm architectural structure between the two tested species with an apparently higher entrapment and viscosity in M furfur biofilm. Conclusion: Skin isolates of M furfur and M sympodialis were capable of forming biofilm in vitro at the epidermal surface simulating in vivo conditions. Following 24 hours of incubation, without added lipids, rudimental matrix was barely visible, conversely to the reported at plastic surfaces. The amount of biofilm apparently increased progressively from 48 to 96 hours. A structural heterogeneity of biofilm between species was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains review of studies on microbiota and cutaneous microbiome using modern techniques of methagenomic analysis. The existing data on microflora of normal skin and among the patients with acne, seborrhoeic dermatitis, rosacea atopic dermatitis are consequently analyzed. The interaction between microbiome and innate/adaptive immunity is presented The perspectives of knowledge on microbiome both in dermatology and cosmetology are pointed out.

Nutrition plays a critical role in the manifestation and management of inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders. There is rich potential for insight into the impact of dietary effects on the pathophysiology of inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders including acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, and the closely related seborrhoeic dermatitis. Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa are thought to have similar diet‐modulating pathogenic pathways. Western diet influences Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa by increasing insulin and modulating FOX01/mTOR, resulting in over‐expression of cytokeratins, hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, and hypercornification of the follicular wall. Key receptors in rosacea are alternatively activated by UV radiation, hot beverages, spicy foods, vanilla, cinnamon, caffeine, alcohol, cold temperatures, and niacin‐ and formalin‐containing foods, to increase oedema and flushing, resulting in erythema, telangiectasia, and warmth, characteristic features of the condition. Seborrhoeic dermatitis, while not a follicular disorder, is closely related, and can be modulated by dietary influences, such as biotin and probiotics. This overview summarizes the role that nutrition plays on these disorders, and identifies dietary modifications as potential adjunctive therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, but its molecular pathogenesis remains elusive. Previously, we have established the Mpzl3 knockout (−/−) mice as a model for SD. In this study, we focused on early phases of skin inflammation and determined the cytokine profiles and identified immune cell types in the lesional skin in the Mpzl3 −/− mice. Using flow cytometry, we detected a significant increase of CD45+ leucocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes and especially γδ T cells but not αβ T cells in the lesional skin compared to control. We also detected high levels of IL‐17 and determined that the γδ T cells were a major contributing source. CD3+ and γδ T cell localization in the skin was verified by indirect immunofluorescent staining. Since neither γδ T cells nor IL‐17 had been implicated in SD, our study provides novel insights into the role of MPZL3 in the pathogenesis of SD‐like skin inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing, papulosquamous inflammatory itchy dermatoses. It manifests as erythematous papules, macules, or ill-defined flat plaques with varying levels of scaling and pruritus. The exact pathogenesis of this condition is not known but Malassezia yeasts, hormones (androgens), amount of sebum produced, and deranged immune response are known to play important roles in its development. There is a wide range of therapeutic options to treat SD but some patients do not respond to any of the treatments. Here, we report three patients with treatment-resistant facial SD, successfully treated with light-emitting diode light therapy (LED-LT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malassezia a commensal yeast, can become pathogenic leading to different clinical forms of dermatosis. Being an obligatory lipophilic, the lipolytic enzymes produced by them help in their growth by obtaining useful lipids from the environment further contributing to the pathogenesis of dermatosis. There are no comparative reports concerning secreted lipase activities of Malassezia species associated with Seborrhoeic Dermatitis/Dandruff (SD/D). Aim: To analyse and compare lipase activities of Malassezia spp. isolated from SD/D patient’s lesional area and Healthy Controls (HC) and correlates this feature in pathogenesis of SD/D. Materials and Methods: Lipase activities of Malassezia species isolated from lesional area of SD/D patients and HC were analysed and compared. Extracellular proteins of Malassezia spp. were extracted from the Leeming and Notman agar after removing and weighing the yeast cells from the agar surface. The lipase activity was measured using an assay based on hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenylpalmitate (pNPP). ANOVA test and GraphPad were used for statistical analysis. Results: Malassezia furfur wet fungal weight was higher (1.1±0.13 g) compared to M. globosa (0.36±0.4 g) and M. restricta (0.26±0.4 g). The mean extracellular lipase activity of M. globosa (0.15 U) and M. restricta (0.18 U) was significantly higher than M. furfur (0.08 U) isolates (p

Cutaneous adverse events to dupilumab can be varied; this necessitates keeping a broad differential diagnosis to identify seemingly paradoxical reactions. It may be possible to treat the adverse event concurrently without stopping dupilumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus Malassezia comprises of 14 species of "yeast like fungi," 13 of which are lipophilic and 1 is nonlipophilic. They are known commensals and in predisposed individuals they commonly cause a spectrum of chronic recurrent infections. They rarely also cause serious illnesses like catheter-related blood stream infections, CAPD associated peritonitis etc., Though these fungi have been known to man for over 150 years, their fastidious nature and cumbersome culture and speciation techniques have restricted research. Since the last taxonomic revision, seven new species have been added to this genus. Their ability to evade the host immune system and virulence has increased the spectrum of the diseases caused by them. These agents have been implicated as causal agents in common diseases like atopic dermatitis recently. Though culture-based research is difficult, the new molecular analysis techniques and facilities have increased research in this field such that we can devote more attention to this genus to study in detail, their characteristics and their growing implications implications in the clinical scenario.

Abstract: Derivatives of hydrocortisone, such as mometasone furoate, a (2′) furoate‐17 ester with chlorine substitutions at positions 9 and 21, have been designed to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse effects. An extensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and other databases was conducted to review the safety and efficacy of various formulations of topical mometasone furoate. Mometasone furoate exhibits high potency with greater anti‐inflammatory activity and a longer duration of action than betamethasone. In clinical trials, mometasone furoate shows comparable or significantly better efficacy, depending on the comparator, in all indications studied in both adults and children. It is well tolerated with only transient, mild to moderate local adverse effects. It is characterised by low systemic availability due to its high lipophilicity, low percutaneous absorption and rapid hepatic biotransformation, and consequently has no significant effect on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. The molecular biotransformation of mometasone furoate in the skin results in a lower affinity with dermal cells than epidermal cells, which contributes to its low atrophogenicity. Sensitisation to mometasone furoate is low. Overall, mometasone furoate is a highly efficacious potent corticosteroid with a low risk of both local and systemic adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pine tar is the end product of pine wood carbonisation following distillation using extreme heat. An extensive literature search was conducted back to the 1950s for this review. Pine tar has been used in medicine for more than 2000 years to treat a range of skin conditions because of its soothing and antiseptic properties. Pine tar should not be confused with coal tar, which has been produced from coal for approximately a hundred years. Pine tar is thought to exert its effect by reducing DNA synthesis and mitotic activity, which promotes a return to normal keratinisation. In addition, pine tar has been shown to be antipruritic, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal. These properties make pine tar suitable for the topical treatment of eczema, psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and other dry, itchy, flaky or inflamed skin conditions. Topical products available over-the-counter in Australia today contain up to 2.3% pine tar, and come in several different formulations that can be used on the entire body, including the face. Modern day pine tar is manufactured with increased purity to eliminate toxic phenol and carcinogenic components, which have been of concern in the past. Primary irritation is uncommon. In conclusion, the long experience with topical pine tar therapy and its worldwide usage, together with the evidence presented in this review, suggests that pine tar is an effective treatment with minimal safety risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing papulopustular rosacea is not always straightforward; no specific diagnostic test is currently available. A high density of Demodex mites is consistently observed in this condition. This retrospective study assesses an improved method for evaluating Demodex density among 1,044 patients presenting to our dermatology practice. The skin was cleaned with ether and Demodex densities were measured in 2 consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies taken from the same site. Mean densities in patients with rosacea and demodicosis were much higher than those in healthy controls and patients with other facial dermatoses. The optimal cut-off values for the 2 biopsies were combined and the resultant criterion (presence of a first biopsy density > 5 Demodex/cm2 or a second biopsy density > 10 Demodex/cm2) enabled confirmation of a diagnosis of rosacea or demodicosis with a sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 95.5%, making this a valuable diagnostic tool for dermatologists in routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]