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Abstract Psychological well-being influences all the facets of adolescent success. This study examined the psychometric properties of PERMA, a subjective well-being measure consisting of five domains: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The sample size consisted of 502 high school students from public schools in Qatar. Contrary to expectations, the five-factor structure for PERMA did not fit our data well; however, after refining the model by the errors of the covariances between items, the one-factor model was found to be applicable. Multivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of academic performance were independently and positively associated with overall well-being scores, whereas internalizing and externalizing behaviors were negatively associated. Notably, no significant effects of gender or age on well-being were observed. These findings suggest that interventions specific to socioeconomic status, academic excellence, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the school setting can produce more effective outcomes concerning student well-being.

Burnout is a serious syndrome that reduces the work efficiency of employees and causes many mental and physical problems in the individual. Although it is one of the concepts that has been studied most academically in recent years, the findings of these studies are not taken into account sufficiently and measures are not taken to combat burnout in workplaces. Although employees have many abilities, both mental and physical, the burnout vortex seriously reduces work performance by damaging all of the individual's abilities. It is important for workplaces to show the same sensitivity in combating employee burnout as they do in personnel recruitment. The aim of this literature review is to introduce the concept of burnout in general, to examine its historical development and to reveal the theories of different models developed. For this purpose, Edelwich and Brodsky Burnout Model, Cherniss Burnout Model, Perlman and Hartman Burnout Model, Golembiewski Burnout Model, Pines and Aranson Burnout Model and Maslach Burnout Model have been defined. Based on the findings, burnout has been observed in certain models among individuals in professions that provide services to people, while in other models, it is seen not only in those providing services to people but also in individuals working in various professions. It has been noted that the inability of individuals to successfully manage work-related stress also plays a role in the experienced burnout. The study aims to highlight the similarities and differences between the examined models.

Objectives: The present study aims to address the psychological motivations behind social media use, focusing on its under-explored regulatory function in the context of coping strategies and emotional regulation among teachers. This exploratory research explores the relationship between social media engagement and its impact on educators’ stress management and emotional regulation mechanisms. Methods: To investigate this relationship, the study utilized two key instruments: The coping inventory for stressful situations and the Italian version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. These tools were administered to a sample of 214 Italian teachers, predominantly female (90.7%), with ages ranging from 25 to 65 years (Mean±SD 47.19±9.02 years). The study employed correlation analysis to assess the associations between social media use in addition to various coping and emotional regulation strategies. Results: The correlation analysis revealed a nuanced relationship between the usage of certain social media platforms and a higher inclination toward a problem-oriented coping style, alongside a decreased sense of a lack of negative emotional control. Accordingly, while social media can serve as a tool for problem-oriented coping, it may also hinder the ability to disengage from negative emotional states. Discussion: The results of this study shed light on the potential of social media as a resource and a challenge in the emotional and professional lives of teachers. By identifying specific coping strategies that are positively and negatively associated with social media use, the research points toward possible interventions that could mitigate the adverse effects of social media. This could include developing targeted support mechanisms to enhance teachers’ ability to manage stress and regulate emotions effectively, thereby optimizing their use of social media in a way that supports their psychological well-being.

Objectives: In urgent situations, like those experienced by the Nour Association, individuals often turn to their ethnocultural backgrounds and ingrained coping mechanisms to enhance their psychological and overall well-being. Methods: This study employed a dual-analytical approach. Initially, participant observation was used to understand the day-to-day activities within the Nour Center’s authentic environment. Subsequently, three cognitive theories—conceptual metaphor, schema, and frame theory were applied to analyze and interpret the transformation in the patients’ conceptual systems comprehensively. Results: We detected that the patient community at the Nour Center utilized various socio-cultural practices (drama roleplay, peer-support therapy, and task-shifting) to create an improvised, theory-independent recovery program focused on ‘awakening’ and ‘self-empowerment’. These latter were mediated by higher-order meta-cognitive processes, such as ‘self-regulation’ and ‘self-description’, frames, such as ‘the home frame’ and ‘the hospital frame’, and schemata, such as ‘the function schema’, which are foundational to ‘cultural placebos’. Discussion: The present findings established that both general health and mental health are significantly shaped by societal influences, indicating that cultural therapy emerges from the intricate dynamics of sub-cultural social systems. Ultimately, concepts of illness and recovery are subject to cultural negotiation.

Son zamanlarda, teknolojik ilerlemeler ve toplumsal talepler ile iletişim alanında büyük değişimler yaşanmaktadır. İnternet ve sosyal medya platformlarının yükselişi, geleneksel iletişim yöntemlerini değiştirerek insanlar arasındaki etkileşimi dönüştürmüştür. Sosyal medya, fikir ve görüş alışverişini kolaylaştırarak topluluk duygusu oluştururken, çocuklar ve ergenler arasında çeşitli sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle, gençlerin bu alanlarda rehberlik edilmesi ve desteklenmesi önemlidir. Bu literatür taramasında, internet ve sosyal medya kullanımının günümüz toplumunda çocuklar ve ergenler üzerindeki çok yönlü etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Dijital teknolojilerin yaygın kullanımıyla birlikte, internet ve sosyal medya gençlik kültürünün ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu platformlar, kullanıcılarına çeşitli fırsatlar sunarken aynı zamanda bazı riskler de içermektedir. Araştırmada, internet ve sosyal medyanın çocuklar ve ergenler üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri ele alınmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi, faydaların yanı sıra zararlı etkilere de dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca, hangi sosyal medya platformlarının tercih edildiği ve kullanım oranlarına ilişkin bulgular sunulmuştur.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between high school students' compassionate love levels and peer bullying behaviors. The sample of the research consists of a total of 560 high school students attending the 9th, 10th and 11th grades of Anatolian High School and Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in Kağıthane district of Istanbul province in the 2020-2021 academic year. Personal Information Form, Compassionate Love Scale and Peer Bullying Scale Adolescent Form were used to collect data. In this research, the relational scanning model, one of the descriptive research types, was used. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to examine the relationship between Compassionate Love Scale Scores and Peer Bullying, Bully-Victim Subscale Scores and Total Scores, and Regression Analysis was used to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a weak, statistically significant negative relationship between high school students' compassionate love levels and being victims of peer bullying. The Regression Analysis of the Compassionate Love Scale scores with the peer bullying victim scale scores was found to be significant. Compassionate Love Scale scores explain 4% of the variance in peer bullying victim subscale scores.

Post Covid-19 conditions still leave trauma for some people, especially those who have experienced pain and even loss of family members. The ability to deal with trauma is the ability to adapt to conditions. The aim of this study was to find out how optimism and altruism influence post-pandemic religious coping. The subjects of this study amounted to 820 men and women, aged 23-58 years old. The brief RCOPE, LOT-R and the altruism scale are instruments to find out the level of religious coping, optimism and altruism respectively. Based on the parametric-statistical analysis with product moment correlation from Pearson, there was a correlation between optimism and religious coping and there was also a correlation between altruism and religious coping. Based on multiple regression analysis, this study showed that both variables can simultaneously be predictors of religious coping.

Teacher performance is the outcome of work reflected in the planning, implementation, and assessment of the teaching and learning process, with its intensity based on work ethics and professional discipline in teaching and learning. This study aims to determine the influence of job stress and job satisfaction on teacher performance. Quantitative methods were employed in this research. The sample consisted of 50 teachers who taught at MTs Dakwah Islamiyah Putri Nurul Hakim in Kediri, West Lombok Regency. The nonprobability sampling technique, specifically total sampling, was used for sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires encompassing the three variables, and multiple regression analysis was employed for data analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant influence of job stress on performance. However, the effect of job satisfaction on teacher performance demonstrates a significant influence. KEY WORDS: work stress; job satisfaction; teacher performance quality ABSTRAK Kinerja guru adalah hasil dari pekerjaan yang tercermin dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang intensitasnya didasarkan pada etika kerja dan disiplin profesional dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah guru yang mengajar di MTs Dakwah Islamiyah Putri Nurul Hakim Kediri, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, dengan total 50 guru. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobabilitas dengan total sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dari tiga variabel, dan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara stres kerja dan kinerja; sedangkan untuk pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara kepuasan kerja dan kinerja guru KATA KUNCI stres kerja; kepuasan kerja; kualitas kinerja guru Copyright ©2023. The Authors. Published by Journal of Indonesian Psychological Science (JIPS). This is an open access article under the CC BY NO SA. link: Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International — CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the role of self-efficacy on academic performance of Vocational High School students. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The participants of this research are at 115 students of the Vocational High School, Department of Electrical and Industrial Engineering who were obtained based on convenience sampling technique. The data analysis is used by regression analysis with Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP). The result of this research indicated that self-efficacy has a significant role on academic performance. Keywords: self-efficacy; academic performance; student

Introduction: Whether burnout can be extended to explain occupational distress in unwaged personnel is an ongoing debate. Possible divergences could be observed for burnout among nontraditional working figures. Methods: A total of 823 first responders during the COVID-19 pandemic were surveyed among Red Cross volunteers enrolled in the Italian Auxiliary Corps to the Armed Forces. An online questionnaire was proposed as composed of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire, Single-item PTSD Screener, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Big Five Inventory. A comprehensive model accounting for both personality and mental distress in influencing burnout dimensions was carried over through structural equation modeling. Results: Almost perfect goodness of fit was achieved for the model (TLI >0.99; CFI >0.99; RMSEA

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar los incidentes de intimidación y maltrato de estudiantes universitarios por parte de miembros de la facultad, testigos, el tipo de hostigamiento, dónde se producen principalmente los acosos y los maltratos, cómo se han enfrentado a estos hechos, cómo han resuelto el incidente, las razones del hostigamiento y los malos tratos, frecuencia de los mismos, el tipo observado de bullying y similitudes culturales. Diferencias en los comportamientos de bullying y características de los miembros de la facultad que realizan el bullying. Metodología: Un total de 2646 estudiantes de una universidad estatal de un tamaño mediano que estudiaban en las distintas facultades de la universidad seleccionada. Participaron voluntariamente para realizar una encuesta impulsada por el concepto de intimidación de Olweus. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que el 10 % de los estudiantes fueron amenazados con una calificación inferior o reprobada, el 21 % dijo que no creía en una investigación justa, incluso si podían presentar una queja ante las autoridades pertinentes de la universidad. Solo el 5 % de los estudiantes mencionó haber presentado una queja verbal informal. El 18 % informó que el acoso era muy importante y muy estresante para ellos. Entre estos, el 31 % de los estudiantes fue testigo de la amenaza de un miembro de la facultad a los estudiantes de una manera poco correcta. Los varones de la facultad eran 4 veces más propensos que los miembros femeninos de la misma a intimidar a los estudiantes, o comportarse de manera no cívica. El profesor asistente o los miembros más jóvenes de la facultad tienden a comportarse de manera más negativa que los profesores de mayor rango o más antiguos. Parece que la mayoría de los incidentes ocurren durante la clase (11 %) o antes de que comience la misma (1,6 %). Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el acoso académico es un fenómeno universal y aparece en todos los niveles de la educación. A pesar de que existen diferencias culturales y departamentales, el acoso todavía es común en todos los niveles de educación de todas las culturas. El bullying tiene consecuencias negativas en los estudiantes; afecta perniciosamente su salud mental, integración escolar y logros académicos. Por lo tanto, los responsables de la administración escolar deben establecer pautas claras para las relaciones entre el profesorado y los estudiantes; y proporcionar ayuda de asesoramiento y acompañamiento para quienes lo necesiten.

This review essay investigates the biological and physiological consequences of ptsd to deepen its academic understanding, alongside an analysis of psychobiological testing and assessment procedures. Psychological responses to traumatic events can be acute stress reactions or stress disorders. One among them is post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd). When people experience a traumatic event, such as death, terror, or physical injury, they tend to demonstrate fear, helplessness, or hopelessness. Patients displaying other symptoms like re-experiencing the trauma, avoidance, or hyper-arousal also indicate ptsd. Experiencing extended ptsd may cause significant health problems, whether biological, such as the dysfunction of stress-responsive neurobiological systems, or physiological, such as hypertension and heart disease. Previous studies of trauma survivors reported a strong link between physical and mental health. The cumulative literature in psychology shows that traumatic exposure can cause disturbing effects in the short and long term. This review will contribute to developing an understanding of the biological markers of ptsd. This paper specifically deals with biological and physiological testing and assessment of ptsd. It includes widely utilized biological assessments and summarizes a general multi-model assessment to identify ptsd symptoms.

Identifying critical thinking and learners’ characteristics is very important in an online learning environment. This study investigated the extent of critical thinking between field-dependent and field-independent students’ critical thinking and blogging. It is a quasi-experimental in which a quantitative method was employed on an intact class of the students to develop their CT skills in their argumentative blog posts. Different aspects of CT skills, such as observation, inference, reasoning, assumption, and credibility were explained to the students. The GEFT developed by Witkin et al. (1971) was applied to evaluate the students' field dependency. Moreover, Newman et al. model (1996) was applied to analyze students’ CT in their blog posts. No significant difference was found in the number of positive and negative CT indicators used by FD and FI students. Therefore, educators who wish to improve the students’ learning may train the students in CT skills by using a pre-planned and systematic procedure without worrying about learners’ cognitive styles, particularly their field dependency.

Son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler, teknolojik cihazların artan üretimi ve yaygınlaşması, dijital cihazlara erişimi kolaylaştırmıştır. Artık günlük yaşamın birçok alanında vazgeçilmez haline gelen dijital araçların eğlence alanında da aynı konuma geldiği söylenebilir. Dijital oyunlar günümüzde yaygın bir şekilde her yaş grubundaki insan tarafından oynanmaktadır. Ancak ilkokul ve ortaokul çağındaki öğrenciler bu oyunların ilk sırada gelen tüketicileri arasındadır. Dijital oyunların bağımlılık yapma potansiyeli ise yapılan çalışmalar tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Dijital oyun bağımlılığının, birçok problemin yanında yalnızlığa yol açabileceği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital oyun bağımlılıkları ve yalnızlık arasındaki ilişki ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaları incelemek ve konuyu genel hatlarıyla tartışmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Dijital oyun bağımlılığının tanımı ve kriterleri, etiyolojisi, kız ve erkek öğrenciler arasındaki farklılıklar, yalnızlık, koruyucu faktörler ve risk faktörleri güncel araştırmalar ışığında tartışılmış ve ailelere öneriler sunulmuştur. Konuyla ilgili araştırmaların incelenmesi sonucunda dijital oyun bağımlısı olan ilkokul ve ortaokul öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Arab countries necessitates evidence-based interventions. Assistive technology (AT) presents a promising approach. However, data on the pervasiveness of AT use and its effectiveness for individuals with ASD, specifically within Arab countries, remain scarce. Objective: To review the current literature on the AT interventions and outcomes reported for individuals with ASD in Arab countries. Methods: A scoping review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was undertaken to explore the utilization of AT, segmented into three categories: low-technology (low-tech), mid-technology (mid-tech), and high-technology (high-tech) devices. Results: Twelve studies had a pooled sample of 1547 participants, primarily male school-aged children with ASD. The AT applications evaluated ranged from low-tech visual schedules and support to high-tech virtual reality systems. Studies have reported the potential benefits of AT in improving communication, social, academic, adaptive, and functional abilities; however, comparative evidence between AT interventions is limited. The identified barriers to the adoption of AT included caregiver uncertainty about the use of AT and a lack of awareness of AT among professionals and the Arab community in general. Conclusion: Available studies suggest that the adoption of AT can enhance the skills of individuals with ASD in Arab countries. However, more rigorous studies across diverse demographic groups and Arab national regions are needed to strengthen the evidence base and provide appropriate recommendations.

The concept of violence has become a serious problem in personal, social, and educational fields, especially today. It is a clear fact that violence harms individuals and institutions. From this point of view, its effects and repercussions, especially on the education community, are considerable. Violence is a dark phenomenon frequently mentioned in the media and causes sad events throughout the country. While evaluating this phenomenon, it is helpful to emphasize the field of education. As a matter of fact, violence is frequently experienced in the education system and especially in schools and can cause serious disruptions in the functioning of both individuals and institutions. When violence in schools is mentioned, violence that occurs among and towards students and is applied by educators is generally understood, and a one-sided evaluation draws the attention. While studies on violence against students have gained intensity in the literature, acts of violence against administrators and teachers are less common than they deserve. Teachers, who are the carriers of the education system, may be exposed to violence by students, parents, and colleagues. This violence they are exposed to affects their work, professional and personal lives, both individually and socially. For this reason, the aim of this study is to discuss violence against teachers in all its aspects, based on the qualitative and quantitative data obtained from studies on violence against teachers, risk factors that can cause violence, and the effects of violence on teachers, and to offer solutions to violence in the light of these discussions.

Students in Indonesian boarding schools (pondok pesantren) have longer study hours than those in non-boarding schools. They also interact with the same friends all day. This situation makes them vulnerable to boredom and depression, and they also run the risk of being bullied. Therefore, student well-being in boarding schools needs to be studied further, with peer attachment and academic self-efficacy as predictors. This study aims to examine the effect of peer attachment and academic self-efficacy on the well-being of students attending boarding school. The study uses a quantitative approach with the linear regression method. It involves 284 students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (Islamic Junior High School), aged between 13-15 years old, selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data collection instruments employed were the Peer Attachment Scale, Academic Self-efficacy Scale, and School Well-being Scale. The result shows that peer attachment and academic self-efficacy significantly affect school well-being (p .01, F = 156.181, effective contribution of predictors = 52.3%). It indicates that peer attachment and academic self-efficacy simultaneously significantly influence well-being among students in boarding schools. Students should improve their peer attachment and increase their academic self-efficacy to live well in boarding schools.

Companies need reliable employees to support their business. As e-grocery businesses in Indonesia continue to grow during the pandemic, various strategies are required to attract millennials. This study aims to prove the influence of employer branding, e-recruitment, and post-pandemic employee value proposition (radical flexibility, deeper connection, personal growth, and holistic well-being) in encouraging millennials to apply for jobs at e-grocery companies after the pandemic. Few e-grocery companies in Indonesia use employer branding and e-recruitment; this study attempts to combine these two variables to see the effect of their interaction on influencing greater millennial intentions. Using the latest experimental method, which is the experimental vignette method, we conducted three studies with a total of 619 millennial participants, who were recruited using the convenience sampling technique. All participants received a set of job advertisements as a stimulus. The results showed that e-recruitment could not significantly predict the millennials’ intentions when applying for jobs in e-grocery companies. Companies in Indonesia may need to analyze millennials’ familiarity with e-recruitment platforms, especially on company websites. However, employer branding successfully predicted millennials’ intention to apply for a job in e-grocery companies, which was not affected by the length of their work experience. Employer branding serves as a means of building job seekers’ trust through personal promotions. With this trust, job seekers are more motivated to apply to the company. When e-recruitment and employer branding were analyzed simultaneously, there were significant interactive effects on millennials’ intentions. Employer branding acted as a socialization medium to introduce e-recruitment and vice versa. E-recruitment served as a form of branding that could shape the perceptions and experiences of millennial job seekers. Lastly, the employee value proposition significantly predicted millennials’ intentions, where holistic well-being was the most sought-after value. It can support employees’ well-being and encourage them to make valuable propositions that will make e-grocery companies excel in Indonesian labor market.

As a field of study, psychology has been on the path of sustained evolution. From psychoanalysis to Logotherapy, we have come a long way. The advent of spirituality, positive thinking, and the renewed interest in human potential have led to the emergence of various sub-fields in psychology. From denying the role of religion and spirituality in the therapy setting to designing interventions around these concepts, we have approached a contemporary phase in under­standing human behavior and attitudes. A novel concept born out of the evolution of psychological concepts is the idea of self-transcendence. According to Maslow, there is a progressive movement towards uncovering people’s potentials and being the best version of the self. Maslow proposed that a self-actualizing individual would eventually have to move up the hierarchy of needs and transcend the ego to relate to something beyond it. This process, known as self-transcendence, is often facilitated by selfless values and moral behaviors that allow the ego to transcend itself. The present paper looks into Maslow’s theory of self-transcendence as recorded in two particular religious philosophies; Futuwwah (Islam) and Dharma (Hinduism). Both Futuwwah and Dharma, despite cultural and religious differences, foster similar values and moral acts in people. The current paper attempts to establish that the moral acts prescribed in Futuwwah and Dharma would eventually lead to an individual's self-transcendence. To do so, we will first attempt to define self-transcendence, theories of self-transcendence from multiple disciplines, and related concepts such as peak experiences and flow. Further, the paper will strive to explore traces of self-transcendence as expressed in religious philosophies, namely; Futuwwah and Dharma.

Contact between groups continues to be recognized as a variable that affects prejudice. The effectiveness of the impact of such contacts on prejudice is influenced by other variables, according to the characteristics of the group. This study aims to determine the effect of group identity mediation and religious funda­mentalism on the influence of intergroup contact on the prejudice of transnational Islamic groups against moderate Islamic ones. The research subjects were selected randomly from 365 members of Jama’ah Tabligh, a transnational Islamic group in Semarang, Indonesia. The research data collection used the scales of prejudice, intergroup contact, group identity, and religious fundamentalism, while the data analysis employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that group identity and religious fundamentalism have a mediating effect on intergroup contact's impact on the prejudice of transnational Islamic groups against moderate ones. This research's theoretical implication is that the extent of the influence of intergroup contacts on prejudice is affected by group identity and religious funda­mentalism as mediating variables.

Geçtiğimiz otuz yıl içerisinde sevgi üzerine birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmalar sevgiyi tanımlamaya, işlevsel hale getirmeye çalışmış ve çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkilerini incelemiştir. Yapılan çalışmaların çoğunluğu romantik sevgi üzerine odaklanmıştır. Aile, arkadaş gibi yakın çevre ile bütün insanlığa karşı duyulan sevgi genellikle bir inceleme konusu olmamıştır. Duyarlı sevgi kavramı diğerlerinin iyiliğine odaklanan özel bir sevgi türüdür. Yakın ya da uzak tüm insanlara karşı duyulan, ilgi, önemseme, yardım etme, fedakarlık gibi öğeleri içerisinde barından geniş bir kavramdır. Duyarlı sevgi empati, fedakarlık, merhametli olmak gibi kavramlara indirgenemez. Romantik sevgiden faklıdır, özgecil sevgiden ise daha kapsamlıdır. Duyarlı sevgi tüm insanlığı kapsar ve devamlılık gösterir. Olumlu sosyal davranışlara katkı sağlayan bir sevgi türü olduğu için araştırmacılar tarafından sevginin önemli bir çeşidi olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada duyarlı sevgi kavramı açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Göç sırasında bireyler ve gruplar farklı ekonomik ve sosyal nedenlerden dolayı farklı yerlere dağılmaktadırlar. Amerika kıtası, sonradan keşfedilen ve dünyanın her yerinden insanların gelip yerleştiği bir yerdir. Kolanızaysan sürecinden sonra, Latin Amerika çok kültürlü ve etnik-ırksal olarak insanların kaynaştığı bir yer olmuştur. Fakat, geçmişte unutulan, çok iyi bilinmeyen ve bu günde pek hatırlanmayan, oysaki yeni fırsatlar getirebilecek olan bir grup var ki onlarda Müslümanlardır. Diğer taraftan, İslam’ın Latin Amerika’ya nasıl geldiği konusunda tarihi kaynakların eksikliği ve bir fikir birliğinin olmaması bu konunun araştırılması için bir sorun oluşturmaktadır. Bu yazının amacımda Amerika kıtasının keşfinden beri, burada olan İslam topluluklarının kısa tarihini, tarihsel süreç içerisinde kronolojik olarak incelemektir. Kölelik, kolonizasyon dönemi ve kolonizasyon sonrası olmak üzere üç dönem belirlenmiştir. Bu dönemler içerisinde İslam’ın bu kıtaya nasıl geldiği ve geliştiği araştırılmıştır. İslam’ın Latin Amerika da nasıl gelişeceği ve bu kıtanın çok kültürlü ve çok farklı kesimlerden oluşan etnik ve ırksal yapısını nasıl zenginleştireceğini gelecek yıllar gösterecektir.

Televizyon ve sosyal medya artık hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu medya organlarının çok sayıda faydasının yanında zararları da bulunmaktadır. Bunlar en çok çocukları etkilemekte ve onları için zararlı sonuçlar oluşturmaktadır. Bunu ailelerin tek başına engellemesi mümkün değildir. O nedenle, okulların ve sağlık kuruluşlarının medya eğitimine önem vermesi ve bu konuda duyarlılık geliştirmesi önemlidir. Medyanın zararlı etkileri ancak ulusal düzeyde bir koruma ile önleme programı ve politikası olursa etkili olabilecektir. Buradan hareketle vatandaşların ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin ulusal düzeyde bir farkındalık oluşturarak, hükümetler üzerinde oluşturacağı baskı yoluyla politika değişimine gitmeleri sağlanmalıdır. Diğer yandan, televizyon kanalları, sosyal medya platformları ve eğlence endistürüsün tümü de sorumlu davranmaya teşvik edilmeli ve baskı yapılmalıdır. Bu, toplumsal düzeyde bir halk sağlığı sorunudur o nedenle toplumdaki herkesi ve toplumun her katmanını ilgilendiren bir sorun olarak ele alınmalıdır.

Test anxiety is a very common phenomena observed in K-12 level of education all over the world. This can take a more complex and stressful form in countires uses national exam in university entrance. Turkey is one of those countries. Since higher education is free for all of the citizen, students have found themselves confronting a very competitive testing-culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of solution-focused brief counseling approch on test anxiety of senior year high school students. An experimental study was conducted in an Anatolian High School in Bolu, Turkey in the academic year of 2015-2016. Sixteen students were participated in the study, eight of them were in the experimental group, other eight were in the control group. The ages of the students varied between 16 and 18 years; the average age of the experimental group was 17, while it was 16.87 in the control group. Six of the participants were male whereas ten were female. Because the data set was not normally distributed and number of participatns was less than 30, nonparametic tests were prefered for data analysis. Mann Whitney-U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, which are nonparametric techniques, were utilized in data processing. The resuls revaled that the four-session individual psychological counseling based on solution-focused brief approach was effective in mitigating students' test anxiety. These findings were found to be consistent with the related literature. Keywords: Solution-Focused Brief approach, psychological counseling, test anxiety, adolescent, high school student, university entrance exam.