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A novel one-pot two step tandem reaction for the synthesis of indolizine-1-carbonitrile derivatives (5a-i) was identified. The route comprises 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aromatic aldehyde derivatives (1a-i), malononitrile (2) and 1-(2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-chloropyridin-1-ium (4) under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine at acetonitrile. The product compounds were tested against bacteria and fungi. It was revealed that compound 5b had the most antifungal activity (range MICs = 8-32 µg/mL) and compound 5g had the most antibacterial activity (range MICs = 16-256 µg/mL). Molecular docking of compounds (5a-i) into fungal 14α-demethylase and bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase active sites were also performed and probable binding mode of compounds 5b and 5g were determined.

Objective(s): The increasing use of methamphetamine (METH) in the last decades has made it the second most abused drug. Advancs in the area of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) have led to its potential application in the treatment of poisoning. The present study aims to investigate the potential role of ILE as an antidote for acute METH poisoning. Materials and Methods: Two groups of six male rats were treated by METH (45 mg/kg), intraperitoneally. Five to seven min later, they received an infusion of 18.6 ml/kg ILE 20% through the tail vein or normal saline (NS). Locomotor and behavioral activity was assessed at different time after METH administration. Body temperature and survival rates were also evaluated. Brain and internal organs were then removed for histological examination and TUNEL assay. Results: ILE therapy for METH poisoning in rats could prevent rats mortalities and returned the METH-induced hyperthermia to normal rates (P

Background: BCL-2 is the most important anti-apoptotic regulator and Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein. The status of these parameters or the ration of BCL-2 to BAX is important in malignant cell fate as well as normal cells. Methods: Sixty-two ALL patients and 62 healthy sex-and age-matched controls were studied. After genotyping, the promoter region of the BAX and BCL-2 genes by RFLP-PCR method the patients were classified in nine prognostic groups, after that, the overall survival ratio of each score was compared with others pair-wise or between groups. Results: The frequencies of the AA, AC, CC alleles of the BCL-2 C-938A polymorphism in patient group were 33 (53.23%), 18 (29.03%), 11 (17.74%), and in the control group were 13 (21.0%), 27 (43.5%), 22 (35.5%), respectively (P=0.003). Also, the frequencies of AA, AG, GG alleles of the BAX G-248A SNP were 15 (24.2%), 24 (38.7%), 23 (37.1%) in ALL group and 13 (21.0%), 25 (40.3%), 24 (38.7%) (p>0.05) in the control group. The survival time estimation and ratio were significantly different between different SNPs in BCL-2 (P=0.002). Conclusion: These findings showed that the BCL-2 promoter region polymorphism is more reliable than BAX gene promoter polymorphism in any ALL scoring system. But the establishment of complete scoring system requires further more clinical and laboratory findings along with genetic polymorphisms is necessary

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major problem in the world. Treatment and control of TB needs detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) in the proper samples. While smear doesn’t have enough sensitivity, culture and PCR are expensive, time consuming and unavailable in many centers. Recent development of a rapid TB antigen detection test (PrTBK) at Pasteur Institute of Iran could give a simple way for diagnosis of TB in about two hours. In this test the antigen-antibody complex will change color when gold conjugated mouse anti- rabbit antibody detects specific MT cell wall antigen in suspected samples. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PrTBK for diagnosis of pulmonary TB in comparison with smear, culture and PCR techniques in 56 consecutive samples (47 BAL and 13 sputum samples) obtained from patients with clinical suspicion of active TB. Results: Twentynine patients (52%) were female and seven patients were HIV positive. PrTBK was positive in 17 culture positive and 4 culture negative samples (100% sensitivity, 89% specificity and 92% accuracy in comparison with culture method). In two out of four patients with negative culture who were positive for PrTBK, PCR and anti-tuberculosis drugs trial therapy responses were in favor of tuberculosis. If we take this finding into account, the accuracy of PrTBK will rise. Conclusion: High sensitivity and accuracy of PrTBK test enable us to initiate treatment on the basis of this convenient and rapid test.

Two mechanistically different modes of EIC have been identified using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in sensitized AA5083-H131 that had been pre-exposed to 0.6M NaCl prior to interrupted slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in the short transverse direction while exposed to laboratory air(50% RH). One mode, shown to propagate when local stress intensity factors are in the range of 4 to 12-15 MNm-3/2, is the well-known ‘classic’ form of intergranular stress corrosion cracking, Type-1 cracking, which would not initiate and propagate in dry air, irrespective of pre-exposure or sensitization. The second mode of cracking, identified presently as Type-2 cracking, is associated with sudden load-drops occurring after the UTS during SSRT. Type-2 cracking propagates at higher local stress intensity factors (above 12-15 MNm-3/2) with significantly higher average growth rates than Type-1 cracking, involves the sudden simultaneous mechanical linkage of multiple fully-isolated regions of damage, pre-determined during pre-exposure to NaCl solution and generated during straining in laboratory air. Differences in the extent of Type-2 cracking for pre-exposed samples tested in ‘dry’ air compared to laboratory air (50% RH) were marked, with that in dry air being limited to isolated patches. High-resolution 3D tomography and detailed SEM has been used to distinguish these two mechanistically different modes of EIC. Implications for a role of hydrogen embrittlement during EIC are discussed.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inherited autosomal recessive enzymatic disorder involving the synthesis of adrenal corticosteroids. 21-Hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is the most common form of the disease which is observed in more than 90% of patients with CAH. Early identification of mutations in the genes involved in this disease is critical. A marker of the disease, errors in the CYP21A2 gene, is thought to be part of the pathophysiology of CAH. Therefore, the identification of gene mutations would be very beneficial in the early detection of CAH. This research was a descriptive epidemiological study conducted on individuals elected by the inclusion criteria whom were referred to the Genetic Diagnosis Center of Tabriz during 2012 to 2013. After sampling and DNA extraction, PCR for the detection of mutations in the CYP21A2 gene was performed followed by sequencing. For data analysis, the results of sequencing were compared with the reference gene by blast, Gene Runner and MEGA-5 software. Obtained changes were compared with NCBI databases. The analysis of the sequencing determined the mutations located in Exons 6, 7, 8 and 10. The most frequent findings were Q318X (53%) and R356W (28%). Exon 6 cluster (7%), E431k (4%), V237E (2%), V281L (2%), E351K (2%), R426C (2%) were also frequent in our patients. The most frequent genotype was compound heterozygote, Q318X/R356W. Three rare mutations in our study were E431K, E351K and R426C. Observed mutation frequencies in this study were much higher than those reported in previous studies in Iranian populations. Thus, it seems that it is necessary to follow-up screening programs and use sequencing methods to better identify mutations in the development of the disease.

International audience; Digital in-line holography is used to perform a Lagrangian tracking of Diethyl Ether droplets vaporizing in air, in a quasi free falling configuration. Hologram reconstruction is based on an 'inverse problems' approach together with a weighted mask method to account for the modification of the droplet holograms by evaporation and resulting refractive index gradients in the surrounding air/vapor mixture. Vaporizing droplets are tracked and their diameter measured until the end of evaporation. Measured diameters then reach a plateau with remaining droplets only composed of water, originating from the condensation of humid air at the droplet surface. This fact is supported by droplets' refractive index estimations deduced from scattered light measurements at rainbow angle and by comparing experimental results to those of a simple evaporation/condensation model.

In this paper, we present an optimization model for a transportation planning problem with multiple transportation modes, highly perishable products, demand and supply dynamics, and management of the reusable transport units (RTIs). Such a problem arises in the European horticultural chain, for example. As a result of geographic dispersion of production and market, a reliable transportation solutions ensures long-term success in the European market. The model is an extension to the network ow problem. We integrate dynamic allocation, ow, and repositioning of the RTIs in order to nd the trade-o between quality requirements and operational considerations and costs. We also present detailed computational results and analysis.