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Mitochondria are chronically exposed to reactive oxygen intermediates. As a result, various tissues, including skeletal muscle and heart, are characterized by an age-associated increase in reactive oxidant-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. It has been postulated that these alterations may result in a decline in the content and rate of production of ATP, which may affect tissue function, contribute to the aging process, and lead to several disease states. We show that with age, ATP content and production decreased by ~50% in isolated rat mitochondria from the gastrocnemius muscle; however, no decline was observed in heart mitochondria. The decline observed in skeletal muscle may be a factor in the process of sarcopenia, which increases in incidence with advancing age. Lifelong caloric restriction, which prolongs maximum life span in animals, did not attenuate the age-related decline in ATP content or rate of production in skeletal muscle and had no effect on the heart. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in skeletal muscle mtDNA was unaffected by aging but decreased 30% with caloric restriction, suggesting that the mechanisms that decrease oxidative stress in these tissues with caloric restriction are independent from ATP availability. The generation of reactive oxygen species, as indicated by [H.sub.2][O.sub.2] production in isolated mitochondria, did not change significantly with age in skeletal muscle or in the heart. Caloric restriction tended to reduce the levels of [H.sub.2][O.sub.2] production in the muscle but not in the heart. These data are the first to show that an age-associated decline in ATP content and rate of ATP production is tissue specific, in that it occurs in skeletal muscle but not heart, and that mitochondrial ATP production was unaltered by caloric restriction in both tissues. reactive oxygen species; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative stress

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between internet addiction, social isolation, psychological resilience and organisational citizenship behaviour in physical education teachers. For this purpose, a hypothetical model was developed based on the relevant literature. The research was conducted with 840 physical education teachers working in schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education between 2020-2021 academic years. Young Internet Addiction Scale, Nottingham Health Profile (NSP), Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale and Personal Information Form were used in the study. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to analyse the data. The significance level was determined as 0.05. According to the results obtained from the analyses, the proposed hypothetical model was confirmed. Accordingly, internet addiction positively affects social isolation. On the other hand, internet addiction affects psychological resilience negatively. The effect of social isolation on psychological resilience is negative. Psychological resilience has a positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour. In the proposed model, it was found that there are direct effects between internet addiction, social isolation, psychological resilience and organisational citizenship behaviour, but there are no indirect effects.

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has contributed to work-related psychosocial risks in healthcare workers. Aims: To evaluate the perceived need for mental health services and related factors in Turkish healthcare workers practicing in pandemic hospitals. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with healthcare workers at 19 pandemic hospitals in 13 provinces between September and November 2021. The study survey included the evaluation of the perceived need for and utilization of mental health services in the previous year, as well as sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related characteristics, the General Health Questionnaire-12, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire, and the Fear of coronavirus disease-2019 scale (FCV-19S). Results: Of 1,556 participants, 522 (33.5%) reported a perceived need for mental health services, but only 133 (8.5%) reported receiving these services. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the perceived need for mental health services revealed significant relationships with lower age, female sex, being a current smoker, having a chronic disease, having a mental disorder, coronavirus disease-2019 contact within the last three months in settings other than the home or workplace, a positive coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination history, being a physician, being a non-physician healthcare professional, and coronavirus disease-2019 contact within the last three months at work. After adjustment for these characteristics, higher General Health Questionnaire-12 and FCV-19S scores and lower WHOQoL-BREF domain scores were related to the perceived need for mental health services in logistic regression analyses. Conclusion: The findings indicate a substantial need for mental health services amongst Turkish healthcare workers during the pandemic and outline participants’ characteristics regarding high-priority groups for the intervention. Future research may focus on developing actions and evaluating their efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-confidence, psychological resilience and problematic internet use among students studying at sports science faculties of universities. The sample of the research consists of 312 students, 150 of whom are male and 162 of whom are female, aged between 18 and 23. Self-Confidence Scale, Psychological Resistance Scale and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale were used to obtain the data. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), one of the quantitative data analysis techniques, was preferred in the data analysis process. In this study, the measurement model was first tested and verified, then the structural model was tested and verified. It was determined that fit index values of both measurement and structural model fit well. Accordingly, a positive relationship between self-confidence and psychological resilience among sports science students, and a negative significant relationship between psychological resilience and problematic internet use was found.

In today’s political borders of the Republic of Turkey, there exist very old institutions that train physicians according to Islamic medical science. In this study, 19 health institutions whose locations have been determined and documents finalized were approached in a chronological order and classified according to the historical periods: XIIth and XIIIth centuries (Seljukian period)-10, XIVth century (Ilkhanate dominion)-1, and XVth-XVIIth centuries (Ottoman period)-8 institutions. Some of them have a history of 900 years (Konya Mâristan-ı Atik, 1113; and Mardin Eminüddin Bimaristanı, 1122). In addition, some are in the form of a medical madrasah and an application hospital (Kayseri, 1206; Sivas, 1217). In these institutions, great masters of Islamic medicine (Razi, Fârâbî, Bîrûnî, İbni Sina) and ancient authorities (Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Aretaeus, Galenos) were taught. These institutions had builders, rulers (sultan, melik) or mothers, wives, daughters, and sisters (the presence of female builders in these institutions attracted attention). During the Seljuk period, powerful viziers also built such institutions. These hospitals also provided free services which were considered as “charities” according to the Islamic religion. These institutions were financed by sources (shops, inns, Turkish baths, bridges, mills, vineyards, gardens, fields and annual taxes of many villages) that donated funds through the “foundation” method. Donations were made in the presence of the “kadi” (muslim judges) and many witnesses, with the written document “endowment.” These foundations were not touched by subsequent monarchs. Payment of fees, daily expenses of the physicians, assistant personel and repairing of buildings was done by the board of trustees. Twelve of these institutions are still in use for public interest (polyclinic, museum, health museum, library, university, and education center). When modern medical schools (1827) and hospitals (1842) began to be established as of the XIXth century, these historic buildings were allocated to mental patients, while some were devastated by neglect. However, in the Republic period, they have been restored and used for health and educational purposes.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary retention and nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia are common problems. Urinary retention is also a frequent complication after anorectal surgery. Gabapentin and pregabalin have been used successfully in postoperative pain treatment. In this study, we aim to compare the efficacy of gabapentin and pregabalin for postoperative pain, urinary retention, and nausea-vomiting in anorectal surgery patients under spinal anaesthesia. METHODS: The study was carried out randomized and double-blind, placebo-controlled. The 90 patients who underwent elective anorectal surgery were divided into three groups. 300 mg gabapentin in Group G (n=30), 75 mg pregabalin in Group P (n=30), and oral placebo capsül in Group C (n=30) were given orally to the patients 2 hours before surgery. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L4-L5 interspace and a volume of 4 ml of % 0,5 izobarik levobupivacaine and 25 µg fentanil injected through a 25 gauge spinal needle. RESULTS: The number of patients using analgesics within 12 hours was statistically lower in Group G and Group P compered with Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between Group G and Group P. Urinary retention was statistically lower in Group G and Group P than in Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between Group G and Group P in terms of urinary retention. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of nausea and vomiting. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Preoperatif gabapentin and pregabalin may reduce the postoperative analgesic requirement and incidence of urinary retention in anorectal surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. Kidney stones develop in 20-30% of patients with ADPKD.Hydronephrosis, which is the most valuable radiological finding in the diagnosis of stone-related postrenal insufficiency, may be difficult to differentiate from common cysts in ADPKD patients. When kidney dysfunction develops in ADPKD patients, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) loss reaches an average of 4.4 to 5.9 mL / min per year. Faster deterioration in these patients requires investigation for prerenal factors such as dehydration that triggers acute kidney damage or stone-related postrenal factors. In ADPKD, stone-related postrenal obstruction should be considered in rapid GFR losses despite negative ultrasound report for hydronephrosis as there is frequent occurrence of kidney stones and the difficulty in detecting hydronephrosis with ultrasonography (US) in these patients. Here, we present a case with ADPKD whose renal functions rapidly deteriorated while under chronic follow-up and renal function markers returned to the basal levels with the treatment of the underlying cause.

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Objectives: In the present study, the authors presented the intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR-myelography findings of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Materials and Methods: Intrathecal gadolinium enhanced MR-myelography (Gd-MR-myelography) examinations between October 2012 and September 2018 in patients having clinical and radiological findings of spontaneous intracranial hypotension were evaluated retrospectively. Sites and types of contrast leakages in 20 patients who met inclusion criteria were reviewed. All patients had undergone T1-fat suppressed sagittal images of cervical, thoracic and lumbar region after the off label intrathecal injection of 1 ml gadolinium-based contrast agent. Results: Patients (18 female, 2 male) are aged between 23 and 62 years-old (mean age: 41.1). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakages were cervical in 6 patients, thoracic in 5 patients, lumbar in 5 patients. One patient had leakage in multiple levels on both cervical and thoracic region and another patient on both cervical-thoracic and lumbar regions. No patients had adverse effects related to intrathecal injection of gadolinium. Conclusions: Gd-MR-myelography is effective imaging modality to reveal spinal CSF leakages in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Objective: Mallampati scoring is the most common examination method for predicting possible intubation problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of facial anthropometric measurements with the modified Mallampati score (MMS). Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 153 male and 170 female volunteers (mean ages, 48,9±16,9 and 44,1±15,4 years, respectively). All participants were subjected to Mallampati scoring and facial anthropometric measurements during pre-operative visit. Anthropometric measurements included inter-incisor gap, lower face height, thyrogonial length, thyromental distance and bigonial distance. The relationship of anthropometric measurements with the MMS was investigated by statistical analysis.Results: Bigonial distance showed a positive correlation with the MMS (r=0.857; p113 mm, and at this cut-off point, the sensitivity rate was 94.8% and the specificity rate was 95.9%. BGD was the best predictor for discriminating MMS 3-4. Conclusion: We suggest that facial measurements such as bigonial distance may be used as alternatives for Mallampati evaluation when the patient’s condition is not suitable for Mallampati scoring.