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ntroduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient suffering from polycythemia vera is clinically rare and extremely challenging. There is no established protocol regarding the management of these patients because the number of patients in this circumstance is very small. Expressed thrombotic risk in patients suffering from polycythemia vera is highly emphasized in patients with coronary artery disease. Only a few cases have been reported of performing coronary artery bypass grafting, and in those cases a successful outcome seems to be an exception. Case presentation: We report a case of a 73-year-old male caucasian patient suffering from frequent daily chest pain and unstable angina with a 75% stenosis of the left main coronary artery and a subocclusion of proximal right coronary artery undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, where despite following all the management algorithms and hematologic and cardiologic guidelines properly during the preoperative workup, the patient had a complex postoperative recovery with thrombosis of native coronary vessels-the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed regarding the effect of deciding between strategies in the domain of cardiac surgery as well as in the hematologic domain on the final outcome. It would be absolutely necessary to conduct a global trial to investigate the preferred cardiosurgical procedure (OPCAB or on- pump CABG).

Opisana su iskustva i rezultati u liječenju defekata dna zdjelice.

Opisana su iskustva i rezultati u liječenju statičke inkontinencije kod žena u KBC Osijek.

Introduction: Previous studies established that between generations changes in feeding protocol can have significant impact on physiology of adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to determinate effects of mothers` nutrition and nutrition of the offspring on circulation adipokine levels in all groups of rats. Methods: Ten female rats were randomly divided in two groups, first group fed with food containing high content of saturated fatty acids (hfd) and the second with standard laboratory chow (cd). After coupling and lactation period their offspring were further randomly divided into two subgroups fed hfd or cd forming four study groups: a) cd-cd, b) cd- hfd, c) hfd-cd and d) hfd-hfd. The dams and offspring at the age of 37 and 18 weeks, respectively, were subjected to biochemical analysis of the blood adiponectin, il-6 and tnf-α levels. Additionally body weight was recorded and bmi calculated. Results: There was no significantdifference in body weight and bmi between groups. Higher il-6 concentration was measured in hfd group of dams (P = 0.009), as well as lower adiponectin concentration (P = 0.009). Significantly higher concentrations of il-6 and tnf-α were observed in hfdhfd and hfd- cd groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.004, respectively), as well as low adiponectin level (P = 0.004). Conclusion: High fat diet consuption is not necessary correlated with high body weight and bmi. Nevertheless, maternal hfd consumption predisposes offspring to increased risk of disturbances in adipokine levels resulting in metabolic abnormalities

Background and Purpose: It is believed that changes in feeding protocol between generations have influence on the balance of the whole organism. Epidemiological studies suggest that skeletal growth is programmed during intrauterine and early postnatal life. The aim of the study was to determinate impact of maternal dietary fat excess and nutrition of female offspring on the bone structural changes in latter. Materials and Methods: Ten female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided in two groups. One group was fed with high content of saturated fatty acid food (HFD) and the other with standard laboratory chow (CD). Offspring from both groups were randomly divided in two subgroups after coupling and lactation period, subsequently there were four groups of offspring (n=6 each) with different feeding protocol: a) CD-CD – control diet mothers and offspring, b) CD-HFD – control diet mothers and high fat diet offspring, c) HFD-CD – high fat diet mothers and control diet offspring and d) HFD-HFD – high fat diet mothers and offspring. At the age of 18 weeks in female offspring bone microstructure was analyzed in fifth lumbar vertebra using digital photographic images. Results and Conclusions: The control diet female offspring of high fat fed mothers showed the highest values of trabecular thickness and trabecular number, while the CD-HFD offspring group had the highest values of trabecular separation and cortical thickness. Maternal nutritional status affects the future development of offspring.

Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major problem associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. It remains one of the most serious problems in obstetrics. The aim of this study is to identify maternal morbidities as a ri sk factors associated with preterm birth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducte d on 860 cases of PTB compared with 860 cases of term birth (TB). Data was stratified for previous and current medical histories, prepregnancy and complications of current ge station. Gestational age of

AIM: Adipose tissue posses endocrine functions that includes synthesis of various adipocytokines, which affect the metabolism of lipids and glucoses, development of atherosclerotic processes, and are involved in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Body fat distribution is a significant risk factor for development of obesity related diseases. Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines whose concentrations vary with the level of obesity. The aim of this research is to determine the relation of changed leptin and adiponectin concentrations in overweight persons with anthropometric parameters of the subjects. METHODS: The study included 40 adult, hypertensive subjects - divided into two groups according to sex, with the body mass index 25-30 kg/m², with regular glycaemia and renal function. All subjects underwent biochemical (serum lipid, glucose and creatinine level) and anthropometric measurements. Leptin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, while adiponectin concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Both leptin and adiponectin concentrations significantly correlated with the waist circumference in both groups of subjects. In male subjects, leptin concentration correlated positively with the body mass index and the hip circumference, while adiponectin concentration correlated negatively with the hip circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Being overweight is a condition marked by pathologically altered values of leptin concentration (increased level) and adiponectin (decreased level), that are changing as the obesity level and the waist circumference increase. It can be concluded that abdominal obesity and higher body mass index increase the risk for development of overweight-obesity-related diseases.

We assume that the vascular apparatus of the lower limb did not evolutionary adapt to leg mass and volume. The lower limb is grater in length and volume that the upper limb, and therefore the arteries should have a bigger diameter and cross-sectional area. During pathoanatomic autopsies on the Department of Pathology of Clinical Hospital Center Osijek we have taken segments of 1 cm of length from the subclavian, femoral, radial and tibial artery. Our sample contained segments from 51 bodies, 24 female and 27 male. We have measured leg and arm length and circumference. From these data the idealized limbs volume was calculated by geometric approximations to a cone fragment. The relation between idealized leg and arm volume and arterial cross-sectional area were calculated. For statistical analysis, Student’s t-test was used. There is a slightly difference between the diameter and cross-sectional area of subclavian and iliac (femoral) artery. Leg length was for 48.5% bigger than arm length and the difference in volume between upper and lower limb is significantly different. The foot has four to five times greater volume than the arm, and is vascularised by an arterial tree of similar diameter. This fact proves our hypothesis that the blood supply to the lower limbs compared to the mass of tissue is smaller.

Intact fetal membranes are significant for pregnancy and fetus development. Obstetricians meet with premature rupture of fetal membranes in about 20-25 % of all term pregnancies, and more importantly, with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes that causes premature childbirth, which occurs in about 2-3 % of all pregnancies. Every rupture of fetal membranes means the beginning of the delivery. Premature childbirth is related to considerably higher perinatal mortality and morbidity. Since the mechanical factor role (regular contractions during the childbirth) in weakening of the membranes in both term and premature childbirth is still unexplained, we designed a dynamic model of cyclic load on fetal membranes in simulated intrauterine conditions. Investigation was performed on 35 fetal membranes from Department of Obstetrics Gynecology in Clinical Hospital Osijek. Biomechanical studies were carried out in a special device for dynamic load of connective structures. Specimens were tested by simulating physiological intrauterine pressures in the rhytm of contractions during normal labour to determine firmness and deformation in gradual structure disruption of fetal membranes by intermitent load. The study included only the membrane specimens obtained from the patients whose bacteriology cervix smear test during pregnancy was negative. Characteristics of preterm and term prematurely ruptured fetal membranes are determined. This study underlyine mechanical factor in membrane weakening in both preterm and term pregnancies, as well as the differences in their biophysical characterictics. Results will help in better understanding pathophysiology of preterm labour.

Obesity is directly and strongly associated with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Development of LVH is multifactorial, caused both by haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic factors. Hypertension is the main haemodynamic factor. Humoral mechanisms, as a non-haemodynamic factor for LVH development, have not been completely explained. The aim of this study is to determine whether hyperleptinemia can be one of humoral ? non-haemodynamic factor inducing LVH together with haemodynamic factors in overweight females. The study was done on thirty six adult, overweight female patients, body mass index in range 25?30 kg/m2. Patients are nondiabetic with regular renal function. Twenty one female patients were hypertensive with left ventricular hypertrophy. Control group included fifteen hypertensive female patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. In all patients was determined glucose profile and creatinine clearance, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL.Weight, high, circumference of the waist and hips was taken. Cardiovascular determination was done applying two-dimensional ultrasound. Serum leptin level was measured using radioimmunoassay method (RIA). Results showed that serum leptin level was significantly higher in hypertensive, overweight females with LVH. This suggests that non-haemodynamic factors, such as hyperleptinemia, participate in left ventricular hypertrophy development together with haemodynamic factors in adult hypertonic, overweight females.

Morphometric characteristics of sacrouterine and round ligament significant for uterine stability

Mineralization Structure of the Hyoid Bone is presented and discussed.

Mineralisation Characteristics of the Hyoid Bone are presented and discussed.

A sample of 38 patients aged under 14 treated at the Surgery Clinic of the University Hospital Osijek has been used in showing therapeutic guidelines supported by patients' functional status after the completed treatment. The patients suffered from supracondylar fractures caused by traffic accidents and classified into three types according to Gartland. Not a single patient with neurocirculatory disturbances has been registered. The most common treatment was a conservative one while more than half of the patients with fractures from type III underwent surgery. The duration of immobilization approximated three weeks whereas patients' recovery considering their functional status has justified the choice of the treatment. However, a lot can be done in the field of prevention, which would greatly decrease the frequency of such injuries.

Sternum has a great clinical significance, considering that median sternotomy is the most common surgical approach used in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to standardize the sternum according to size, shape and sex and to obtain ranges of the »standard sternum«. The study was done on 55 male and 35 female sterna of the average age of 65. Complex morphometric analysis of breadth, length and thickness of the sterna were performed on sternal segments which were defined by costal notches. Morphometric analysis shows that the general sternum structure in the females and in the males is equal. The standard dimensions of female and male sternum were determined. Standardization according to shape suggests that there is one standard sternum shape present in more than 2/3 of analysed samples of both sexes.

The research results provided data on sternum regional density determined by direct measuring. The standard methods to determine bone mineral density in vitro on the sternum model were compared, and the obtained correlation coefficients between single methods show that all the methods may be reliably used in biomechanical studies on cadaveric samples. To determine mineral density in vivo it is necessary to use the method of quantitative computed tomography (QCT), for this method does not only show the density distribution within the cross-section, but also the geometry of the cross-section, which may be used in calculating the moments of inertia, the main parameters used to determine the bearing capacity of a certain construction element.

In this paper was presented new approach of teh morphological classification of the hyoid bone.

Aim: Evaluation the effect of intraumbilical oxytocin injection(modified Mojon-Gabastou methods) in a treatment of retained placenta(placenta adhaerens).Material and methods:This study included 60 mothers with retained placenta. The women were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=47) were administered 20 UI Syntocinon in 20 mL 0, 9% Na Cl saline intraumbilically into the vein(IUV) and group 2 (n=13) received intravenously metilergometrin 0, 2 mg with umbilical cord drainage and Crede method for placental expresion. Intraumbilical injection was used 30-45 min after delivery and distal cord segment clamping to the umbilical vein. Results: In group 1, placental expulsion within 60 min of IUV oxytocin injection occurred in 38(80, 8%) women ; in group 2, placental expulsion was recorded in 4(30, 7%). Manual lysis of the placenta was performed in 9 group 1, and 9 four group 2 women. Complications in terms of major hemorrhage were not observed in group 1, whereas a hemorrhage of>500 mL was recorded in 2 group 2. Conclusions: Intraumbilical oxytocin injection is safe, non-surgical, non agressive, not associated with allergic reaction, method for the treatment of the retained placenta.

Hyoid bone is a part of viscerocranium placed between the tongue root and thyroid cartilage to which it is connected by thyrohyoid membrane. Widely accepted morphological classification does not exist. Sexual dimorphism was analysed in this study and new guidelines for anatomical classification of hyoid bones based on anthropometric parameters were given. Total number of analysed bones was 70. The bones were classified into three groups: symmetrical U-type, symmetrical V-type and asymmetrical type according to the angle between greater horns and the proportion of greater horns length. In the females incidence of asymmetrical type is considerably higher than in the males, while the incidence of symmetrical V-type is lower. The angle value that is on average higher in males may be the parameter indicating that in puberty hyoid bone, still not completely ossified, to some extent follows development of thyroid cartilage because of their close anatomical relation.

Istraživanje je provedeno na Medicinskom fakultetu u Osijeku te Kliničkoj bolnici Osijek i obuhvatilo je strukturalnu, geometrijsku i biomehaničku analizu na 91 uzorku prsne kosti iz osteološke zbirke Zavoda za anatomiju Ispitivanje žilavosti prsne kosti je provedeno na Elektrotehničkom fakultetu u Osijeku u Laboratoriju za ispitivanje mehanike materijala. Porast kliničke značajnosti prsne kosti, vezan ponajprije za najčešći operativni pristup u kardijalnoj kirurgiji medijanom sternotomijom, ali i problemom loma prsne kosti kod kardipulmonalne resuscitucije u sklopu urgentne medicine potvrđuju opravdanost ovog istraživanja. Ciljevi su bili zadani prema potrebama aktualnih i budućih biomehaničkih istraživanja na sternumu gdje je važno postići standardan uzorak po dimenzijama i kvaliteti prsne kosti. Provedena je kompleksna morfometrijska analiza prema obrascu koji smo sami kreirali, a mjereni su parametri zadani antropometrijskim obilježjima prsne kosti. Mineralna je gustoća prsne kosti bila određena na istom uzorku s različitim metodama: radiografskom absorptiometrijom te dualnom rendgenskom absorptiometrijom te konačno metodom žarenja uzoraka prsne kosti u laboratorijskoj peći uz prethodno određen volumen Arhimedovim principom. Žilavost je određena metodom loma njihalom po Charpyu. Svaki uzorak sternuma je bio podijeljen na šest segmenta, što je omogućilo ispitivanje regionalne mineralne gustoće i žilavosti prsne kosti. Morfometrijskom analizom smo dobili podatke o standardnom ženskom i muškom sternumu. Tipizacija po obliku pokazuje da postoji jedan osnovni oblik prsne jedanak u oba spola. Držak je trapezastog oblika, dok je tijelo uzdužno ovalno. Postoje značajne razlike u dimenzijama ženskog i muškog sternuma. Ženska prsna kost je prosječno manje duljine, uža i tanja od muške. Mineralna gustoća prsne kosti određena je s metodom žarenja do mineralnog ostatka u laboratorijskoj peći, metodom radiografske absorptiometrije te metodom dualne rendgenske absorptiometrije. Analiza potvrđuje pouzdanost svih upotrijebljenih metoda u određivanja mineralne gustoće prsne kosti na kadaveričnom uzorku. Postoji velika varijabilnost u mineralnoj gustoći koja među pojedinim uzorcima koja iznosi i do četiri puta između najgušće i najrjeđe prsne kosti. Dokazana je izrazita spolna razlika u mineralnoj gustoći. Ženska prsna kost je prosječno manje gustoće od muške. Postoji izražena varijabilnost u žilavosti uzoraka prsne kosti, koja iznosi i do 4 puta kad usporedimo uzorke s kranjim vrijednostima žilavosti. Ispitivanje regionalne mineralne gustoće i žilavosti pokazuje da postoji značajna razlika između središnjih i postraničnih dijelova drška i tijela prsne kosti. Izrazita varijabilnost u mineralnoj gustoći i žilavosti sugerira postojanje procesa osteoporoze na prsnoj kosti. Na osnovi proizašlih rezultata zaključujemo da je promijenjena kvaliteta prsne kosti, prvenstveno određena mineralnom gustoćom, čvrstoćom i morfometrijskim parametrima važan parametar u procjeni rizika od dehisecnije suture nakon kardiokirurške medijane sternotomije. Rezultati proizašli iz ovog istraživanja omogućuju standardizaciju kadaveričnog uzorka sternuma potrebnog za različita biomehanička ispitivanja na prsnoj kosti, te na taj način bitno umanjuju utjecaj izrazite biološke varijabilnosti oblika i strukture prsne kosti koji utječu na pogrešku u takovim ispitivanjima.

Aim: To determine the advantages of Misgav Ladach method over conventional cesarean section. Methods: From October 2002 till December 2004, 202 cesarean sections performed according to Misgav Ladach method were prospectively compared with 153 randomly selected conventional cesarean sections. Maternal age, parity, gestational age, neonatal birth weight, duration of procedure, operative complications and postoperative course were analyzed. Results: The incidence of postoperative febrility was 2.47% and 4.57% (p=0.01), wound seroma 0.49% and 1.96% (p=0.01), local infection 0.99% and 1.96% (NS), wound dehiscence 0 and 0.65% (NS), anemia 3.96% and 7.84% (p=0.001), and need of blood transfusion 1.48% and 1.96% (NS) in the Misgav Ladach and conventional group, respectively. The mean duration of operation was 26.09 min in the former vs. 39.41 min in the latter (p

The aim of this reaserch is to determine the significance of ultrasound diagnostics in measuring the thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue as well as to point out sex and age differences in regional distribution of subcutaneous fat tissue. The research included 37 men and 33 women with different body mass indexes. Ultrasound measuring of subcutaneous fat tissue was conducted on 16 measuring points. The thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue measured by ultrasound and estimated proportion of fat tissue obtained by comparative methods coincided mostly on the back side of the upper arm, lower abdominal region in interspinal line and the front side of the forearm. BMI limit value for obesity is not the same for men aand women because the point at which abdominal region becomes the main storage of subcutaneous fat in body depends on sex.

U našem istraživanju nastojali smo utvrditi prednosti tehnike carskog reza po Misgav Ladach-u, u usporedbi s konvencionalnom metodom po Dörffler-u. Tehnika carskog reza (CR) po Misgav Ladach-u preferira manualnu manipulaciju, s restrikcijom oštrih instrumenata, tupim ulaskom u trbuh, te nezatvaranjem visceralnog i parijetalnog peritoneja, mišića i potkožja. U vremenskom razdoblju od listopada 2002.god. do kolovoza 2004.god. učinjeno je 153 CR po Misgav Ladach-u u usporedbi s 153 slučajno odabrana CR po konvencionalnoj metodi (Dörffler). Učinjeno je 86 primarnih ( 33 elektivna, 8 elektivnih iterativnih, 1 elektivni reiterativni, 35 urgentnih i 9 urgentnih iterativnih), te 67 sekundarnih ( 21 elektivni i 46 urgentnih) CR po Misgav Ladach-u. Konvencionalnom metodom učinjeno je 84 primarnih ( 30 elektivnih, 16 elektivnih iterativnih, 2 elektivna reiterativna, 24 urgentna, 11 urgentnih iterativnih i 1 urgentni reiterativni), te 69 sekundarnih ( 24 elektivnih i 45 urgentnih) CR. Prosječna starost rodilja bila je 28, 26 vs 28, 31, pariteta 0, 43 vs 0, 57. Gestacijska dob poroda bila je 36, 34 vs 38, 82. Rodna masa plodova bila je 3019, 64 vs 3217, 64. Indikacije za CR bile su: IUGR kompliciran hipoksijom i oligohidramnijem u 22 vs 9 ; fetopelvina disproporcija 12 vs 35 ; asfiksija/hipoksija 43 vs 44 ; protrahirani porod 10 vs 12 ; malprezentacija 30 vs 19 ; malprezentacija gemina 8 vs 3 ; distocija 13 vs 18 ; placenta previja 3 vs 4 ; abrupcija placente 5 vs 2 ; prijeteća ruptura uterusa 4 vs 0 ; teška preeklampsija, eklampsija ili Sy.HELLP 1 vs 5 i neopstetričke okulističke indikacije 2 vs 2. Pfannenstiel-ova incizija kože je učinjena u 100 vs 152, a Joel-Cohen-ova u 52 vs 1 CR. Kod jednog CR po Misgav Ladach-u učinjena je i donja medijalna laparotomija. Prosječno trajanje zahvata od incizije kože do zadnjeg šava kože je 27, 12 vs 39, 41 minuta. Od intraoperacijskih komplikacija kod tehnike po Misgav Ladach-u zabilježena je jedna atonija uterusa, koja je uspješno kupirana B-Lynch metodom invertnog „ Hossentreger“ šva, te je u jednom slučaju učinjena relaparotomija, resuture uterusa zbog hematoperitoneuma i evakuacija subkutanog hematoma istog dana, odmah nakon CR. Kod CR po konvencionalnoj metodi tijekom zahvata uočena je jedna inkompletna silentna rutura uterusa po starom ožiljku, jedna kompletna silentna ruptura uterusa, jedno krvarenje s mjesta insercije posteljice kod placente previje i jedno veće krvarenje iz reza uterusa. U postoperacijskom tijeku zabilježena je: puerperalna febrilnost 3 vs 7 ; anemija (CKS 6.dan) 7 vs 12 ; transfuzija krvi 2 vs 3 ; upotreba antibiotika 9 (od toga 5 SIAI) vs 14 ; serom rane 0 vs 3 ; infekcija rane 2 vs 3 ; dehiscijencija rane 0 vs 1 ; uroinfekcija 0 vs 4. Upotreba analgetika bila je znatno reducirana u babinjača s Misgav Ladach tehnikom CR . Manji gubitak krvi, brži postoperacijski oporavak s niskim morbiditetom, kraće trajanje operacije i anestezije, manja postoperacijska upotreba antibiotika, antipiretika i analgetika, te ekonomičnost Misgav Ladach tehnike CR potvrdila su naša proširena iskustva u skladu s većim brojem postojećih domaćih i svjetskih studija. Tehnika CR po Misgav Ladach-u je jednako prikladna za hitne i elektivne zahvate.

Through the human evolution, process of hominisation and bipedal locomotion the lower limbs undertake essentially changed biomechanical conditions resulting by an evolutionary adaptation of the human body to erect position. Lower limbs undertake entire loading force from the body and different biomechanic and kinematic role as well a different process of functional adaptation than the upper limbs. Logically is that the different evolutionary adaptation of the lower limbs may result also by a different patology for instance by the diabetic foot. Interrelationship between arterial cross-sectional area and tissue volume for the empties (cadaveric) arteries is five times better for upper limbs in relation to lower limbs. Međutim, in living subjects this difference, in diastolic and sistolic case both, was something manja. This finding confirm the hypothesis that another possibilities of haemodynamic and structural prilagodbe exist too.

Ishaemic lesions of tissues like the diabetic foot syndrom, are more common in foots than in hands. We tried to explaine if there are significant differences in crossectional area and blood flow of the main arteries supplying upper and lower limbs in relation to volume unit of tissue between the upper and the lower limb. In spite of faster blood flow in a. femoralis prokrvljenost of the legs is slabija due to significantly larger volume. Consequently every pathological factor e.g. in diabetes may disturbe the balance in blood supply in legs.

Median sternotomy is the most used operative approach in cardiac surgery. Sternum dehiscence is a rare, but very hard complication accompanied by high mortality rate. The properties of sternum are a very important factor in developing sternal dehiscence. We investigated the structure and strength of the sternum. We also constructed a machine for dynamic testing of suture and serklage after cardio-surgical median sternotomy. Research was done on 96 cadaveric sternums. The samples were from persons of both sex, mainly from elderly people. Morphometric analysis was performed. Sternum mineral density was determined by using radiographic absorptiometry with aluminium step-wedge and using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Median sternotomy and serklage with steel wires were made on five sternums using different techniques. Special machine was constructed for the dynamic testing of median sternotomy serklage. Toughness of the sternum, divided into six pieces, was determined by Charpy pendulum. Real mineral density was detected by measuring volume of the samples and then by ashing. There are great variations in mineral density (range 105-280 g/cm3) and toughness (range 12-45 J/cm2) of sternums, specially dependent on sex and age. Results suggest that osteoporotic process occurs on the sternum. Maps of regional mineral density and toughness have been achieved. Morphometric analysis resulted in classification of the sternum shapes. Sternum properties are important in estimating the risk of sternal dehiscence after cardio-surgical median sternotomy. Testing median sternotomy serklage and suture using dynamic model simulates similar physiological conditions. This method is useful in testing different closure tehniques.

Orlistat je lijek za mršavljenje iz skupine inhibitora gušteračne lipaze

The aim of this reaserch is to determine the significance of ultrasound diagnostics in measuring the thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue as well as to point out sex and age differences in regional distribution of subcutaneous fat tissue. The research included 37 men and 33 women with different body mass indexes. Ultrasound measuring of subcutaneous fat tissue was conducted on 16 measuring points. The thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue measured by ultrasound and estimated proportion of fat tissue obtained by comparative methods coincided mostly on the back side of the upper arm, lower abdominal region in interspinal line and the front side of the forearm. Analysis of the subcutaneous fat tissue distribution indicates that there is more equal accumulation of fat tissue in women than in men. BMI limit value for obesity is not the same for men aand women because the point at which abdominal region becomes the main storage of subcutaneous fat in body depends on sex. That BMI value represents the physiological beginnning of obesity since it marks the change in distribution pattern of subcutaneous fat tissue in different body regions.

Prednji je odjeljak potkoljenice zatvoren prostor zbog čega često može doći do nastajanja kompartment sindroma.

The anterior crural compartment is a closed space, prone to developing compartment syndrome. The aim of research is to determine flexibility of the anterior crural space and possibility of this space to answer to dynamical changes of muscles volume. Ultrasound diagnostic is very helpful method in observing changes whitin the anterior crural compartment in real time. The study included 100 examinees. Using linear ultra-sound probe of 7.5 MHz transversal scan of anterior crural compartment have been made at three levels: in the neutral position of the foot, as well as in maximal dorsal and plantar flexion. In the position of maximal dorsal flexion (contraction of the anterior crural muscles), surface of the proximal cross-section is increasing for 26, 86 %, whereas middle and distal surfaces decreases. The volume of this space is being increased during maximal dorsal flexsion of the foot average for 4, 13 %. Also during contraction of posterior crural muscles the volume of anterior crural compartment is being increased average for 1, 13 %. In case of dorsiflexion, the muscles of anterior crural compartment move toward the proximal end, and in case of plantar flexion, possible compressed with posterior crural muscles, toward distal end. However, the space of the anterior crural compartment increases its volume in extreme positions of the foot and thus follows, in phisyological conditions, dynamical changes of muscle masses.

We studied the specific characteristics of the proximal femur in patients with coxarthrosis using osteometric and biomechanic analysis in order to get "standard femur" in our population, relevant for designing Croatian model of hip joint endoprosthesis. The investigations included 454 antero-posterior radiographs of the hip joint and upper femur in patients with coxarthrosis. We measured thickness of medial and lateral cortex, lateromedial diametar of medullar canal and subperiostal diametar of the femur body with exactness of 1 mm by using specially designed scheme with sixteen measure levels. First level of measurement was the section surface, which is performed in the case of the total hip joint implantation. Surfaces of the transversal sections of the femur and medullar canal were calculated by using mathematic formulas. Using morphometric method in investigation we got standard values of the upper femur in frontal plane and surfaces of transversal sections of the femur body and medullar canal in our population. These results can undoubtedly contribute in designing Croatian model of hip joint endoprosthesis.

dijabetičko stopalo nastaje kao posljedica mehaničkih i vaskularnih poremećaja.

OP-1 is capable of inducing metanephric mesenchyme differentiation during kidney development and when given intravenously (iv) to rats with ischemic acute renal failure it reduces the severity of injury. We further investigated the effect of systemically administered OP-1 to delay or halt progression of end stage renal failure in the 5/6 neprectomy rat model. Recombinant human mature and soluble OP-1 at doses between 3 to 300ľg/kg was administered 3 times per wk iv through the teil vein beginning 1 to 3 weeks following surgery and continued for 8 to 32 weeks, in nine separate experiments utilizing totally more than 600 rats. The protective action of OP-1 was monitored by serum BUN and creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and mortality. Kidneys were subjected to histopathology at the end of the study. The results show that both mature and soluble OP-1 dose dependently decreased serum urea and creatinine values, improved GFR and prolonged the rats’ survival rate. Histological evaluation of kidney tissue showed cytoprotection against glomerular sclerosis and prevention of rapid loss of glomerular deterioration. These findings collectively suggest that OP-1 may play a role in tissue morphogenesis of adult kidneys and, as such, may provide a basis for the treatment of chronic renal disease.

Effect of Oseogenetic Protein-1 (OP-1) on Survival Rate and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Rats With Chronic Renal failure.