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The challenge arises from the inadequacy of conventional fluids to facilitate effective heating and cooling processes in industries. Trihybrid nanofluids, consisting of a combination of three distinct types of nanoparticles suspended in base fluids, emerge as the upcoming generation of heat transfer mediums. This innovative category of fluids can be attributed to their broad potential applications in a multitude of nanotechnology and heat transfer devices. The aim of the present study is to analyse the generation of entropy resulting from the changes in temperature-dependent viscosity in the motion of an electromagnetic trihybrid nanofluid over a porous stretched surface. This investigation considers the impact of radiation, heat sources, and chemical reactions. The nonlinear partial differential equations that govern the system are converted into ordinary differential equations using a similarity substitution. The resulting ODEs are subsequently resolved by means of the shooting mechanism in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg methodology. The findings of the study have been elucidated via the execution of a comparative analysis involving three types of nanofluids. The velocity of the nanofluids decreased by 13.12% and 15.8% due to changes in viscosity and porousness, while it exhibited a 13.12% increase in trihybrid nanofluids with enhanced convection.The velocity demonstrates an inverse relationship with electric and magnetic fields, leading to a 2% variation in nanoparticle behavior. However, the temperature increases by 8.24% in trihybrid nanofluids subjected to the same fields. The Eckert number, radiation, and heat source parameters enhance the temperature in trihybrid nanofluids by 8.12%. The electric and magnetic field intensities result in a reduction of entropy production in nanofluids by 4.92%, while the Bejan number experiences a 14.48% increase in trihybrid nanofluids under the same fields. Moreover, Eckert number, heat generation, and electric and magnetic fields lead to accelerated heat transfers. The findings suggest that trihybrid nanofluids transfer heat 9.24% faster than regular or hybrid nanofluids.

Summary: The future wireless communication networks (beyond 5G) are intended to provide seamless connectivity, higher data rates, and lower latency. The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) promises extended network coverage. The non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique provides higher spectral efficiency and supports a larger number of users. In general, the cell‐edge users far from the base station are affected by severe fading, which may result in an outage. To overcome this issue, we propose an IRS‐aided device‐to‐device (D2D)‐enabled two cells coordinated NOMA system in which a common cell‐edge user acts as D2D receiver. The cell‐edge user receives the signals from near users, IRSs, and both base stations to achieve better diversity. We analyze the outage probability of cell‐edge user, while all the fading channels are assumed Nakagami‐ m and obtain a closed‐form expression at higher signal‐to‐noise ratios. We develop an algorithm to find the ergodic capacity of the cell‐edge user. We validate the mathematical expressions with simulation results and see a substantial improvement in outage performance over the existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is increasingly described as an 'ethnic democracy', 'populist majoritarian autocracy' or 'ethnocracy': a form of rule supported by an electoral majority rooted in ethnic affiliation, with limited and eroding checks and balances that would protect minorities. Over the past decade, constitutional arrangements shifted, 'dog-whistle' laws were passed and legal institutions starved of resources. In studying these developments, we want to ground generic studies of populist/majoritarian/autocratic law by unpacking the specific Indian version of it: how does Hindutva as a political ideology and the current dispensation as political agents conceive of the rule of law, its purpose and function? Which rules do they want the law to follow? We combine papers that trace Hindutva's own ideological commitments with those tracking material changes in legislation or jurisprudence and map out their differential consequences for India's minorities, culminating in a wider reflection on the rule(s) of law under autocratic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant scholarship on anti-Christian violence in India is scant and predominantly focuses on physical violence. To address this gap, this article explores Freedom of Religion laws (also referred to as anti-conversion laws) as an example of structural violence faced by India's Christians. Thus far, scholars have studied these as a constitutional violation that denies a Christian's freedom of religion. Using Johan Galtung's violence framework, this article seeks to recast these laws as a form of structural violence against Christians. In doing so, it will show how Hindutva's anxieties about the demographic and political 'Christian threat' have become embedded into the law. Through an exploration of the southern state of Karnataka, where the Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion was passed in 2022, this article seeks to show how this structural violence interacts and reinforces forms of direct and cultural violence, creating a system of anti-Christian violence designed to maintain India's 'Hindu majority'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work an effort is also made to evaluate the optimum combination of machining factors by applying the unique combination of response surface methodology (RSM), Shannon's entropy weight measurement with VIKOR method. Experiments were conducted on Monel 400 alloy based on Taguchi L16 OA (orthogonal array) to evaluate the impact of machining parameters like voltage (V), discharge current (Ip), pulse on time (Ton) and pulse off time (Toff) on the process to obtain the desired response characteristics namely material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and Dimensional Deviation (DD). The Shannon's entropy weight measurement (SEWM) method have been proposed to assess the individual weightiness for all performance characteristic and by using VIKOR method the most optimal setting of machining parameters has been evaluated for improving productivity and minimizing the cost. The optimum setting of machining parameters found by the proposed method has of Ton 6µs, Ip 9amps, voltage 50V and Toff 3µs. The discharge current and pulse on time have the significant domination over the MRR, TWR and OC ensued by voltage and pulse off time. The application of VIKOR method for solving multi response optimization problem which would be helpful to the process engineers in selecting the most optimum parameter combination for making micro hole using Micro EDM has been systematically demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of Indian enterprises and professionals in the computer and information technology (CIT) domain during the twenty year has been spectacular. Entrepreneurs, bureaucrats and technocrats are now advancing views about how India can ride CIT bandwagon and leapfrog into a knowledge-based economy in the area of entrepreneurship distance education on-line. Isolated instances of remotely located villagers sending and receiving email messages, effective application of mobile communications and surfing the Internet are being promoted as examples of how the nation can achieve this transformation, while vanquishing socio-economic challenges such as illiteracy, high growth of population, poverty, and the digital divide along the way. Likewise, even while a small fraction of the urban population in India has access to computers and the Internet, e-governance is being projected as the way of the future. There is no dearth of fascinating stories about CIT enabled changes, yet there is little discussion about whether such changes are effective and sustainable in the absence of the basic infrastructure that is accessible to the citizens of more advanced economies. When used appropriately, different CITs are said to help expand access to entrepreneurship distance education, strengthen the relevance of education to the increasingly digital workplace, and raise technical and managerial educational quality by, among others, helping make teaching and learning into an engaging, active process connected to real life. This research paper investigates on the impact of computer based online entrepreneurship distance education in India. (Contains 2 tables.)