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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra is an extremely rare malignancy with a poor outcome, mainly affecting females in old age. We present the case of a 42-year-old female patient who presented with progressively worsening lower urinary tract symptoms, leading to a cystoscopy-guided core needle biopsy diagnosis of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra. We will mainly discuss the cross-sectional imaging and pathological aspects of the case., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and renal cell cancer are extremely rare. Von-Hipple-Landau syndrome is a major association. A 43-year-old male patient with left upper quadrant pain and significant weight loss was diagnosed with a synchronous pancreatic tail neuroendocrine tumor with solitary splenic metastasis and a clear-cell renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney. Sonography and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a complex exophytic left renal mass and a necrotic lesion limited to the spleen. Although not apparent on preoperative imaging, distal pancreatic mass was also discovered intraoperatively. Subsequently, left radical nephrectomy, splenectomy, and distal pancreatectomy were performed, and the synchronous primaries and splenic metastasis were confirmed histopathologically. This case is unique in that it demonstrates multiple extremely rare events occurring simultaneously, namely pancreatic and kidney primaries, as well as solitary splenic metastasis., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Not all COVID-19 deaths are officially reported, and particularly in low-income and humanitarian settings, the magnitude of reporting gaps remains sparsely characterized. Alternative data sources, including burial site worker reports, satellite imagery of cemeteries, and social media-conducted surveys of infection may offer solutions. By merging these data with independently conducted, representative serological studies within a mathematical modeling framework, we aim to better understand the range of underreporting using examples from three major cities: Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Aden (Yemen), and Khartoum (Sudan) during 2020. We estimate that 69 to 100%, 0.8 to 8.0%, and 3.0 to 6.0% of COVID-19 deaths were reported in each setting, respectively. In future epidemics, and in settings where vital registration systems are limited, using multiple alternative data sources could provide critically needed, improved estimates of epidemic impact. However, ultimately, these systems are needed to ensure that, in contrast to COVID-19, the impact of future pandemics or other drivers of mortality is reported and understood worldwide.

The management of medium-sized (1-2 cm) lower poles renal stone has been a contentious topic for endourologists. There are limited evidences to answer the best management options for medium-sized lower pole renal stone. This network meta-analysis provided high-level evidences on efficacy and safety of profile of PCNL, Mini-PCNL, Ultra-PCNL, RIRS, Micro-PCNL, SWL for management of medium-sized lower pole renal stone. Systemic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized control trials was conducted. The PICOS (Population, Interventions, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study) approach was used to look for relevant studies. Searches were conducted at major electronic databases like Medline via PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to find relevant articles from the inception to April 19, 2023. Fourteen randomized control trials involving 2194 patients were among these studies that met the eligibility criteria. Pooled SFR was Mini-PNCL 98% (95% CI 96-99%), Ultara-PCNL 96% (95% CI 93-98%), RIRS 90% (95% CI 88-92%), PCNL 88% (95% CI 85-92%), Micro-PCNL 77% (61-88%) and SWL 69% (95% CI 65-74%). Mini-PCNL provided a statistically significant higher SFR compared to RIRS (RR = 2.43 91.52; 3.89)), Micro-PCNL (RR = 3.19 (1.09; 9.38)), and SWL (RR = 6.17 (3.65; 10.44)), but there was no statistical significance with standard PCNL (RR = 1.06 (0.52; 2.16)) and Ultra-PCNL (RR = 1.37 (0.75; 2.51)) for management of medium-sized lower pole renal stone. The order of SUCRA values for complication rate was as follows: PCNL(90%), Micro-PCNL(70%), Mini-PCNL(50%), Ultra-PCNL(50%), RIRS(40%), and SWL(10%). The current pooled evidence from fourteen randomized control trials revealed that Mini-PCNL, Ultra-PCNL, and standard PCNL are likely the best treatments for medium-sized lower poles when SFR over a short period of minimal session is a priority. These treatment options have a higher rate of complications, longer hospital stays, and acceptable operations time. RIRS and SWL treatment have acceptable efficacy stone-free rate with low complication rate, short hospital stays, and operation time. These treatment option would be the best fit for solitary kidney, coagulopathy, and comorbidity., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)