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Meaning lies at the very heart of the development of language. Therefore, it is not surprising that the linguists have long been fascinated by the study of meaning, from the early days of the discipline to the present. Over time, the approach to meaning has evolved, shifting from structuralist analyses of linguistic signs to a focus on the combinatory potential of grammatical structures. Currently, the dominant cognitive-semantics approach examines meaning in relation to concepts and the abilities of the human brain. One of the most intriguing questions throughout the history of semantics has been the relationship between an individual and the linguistic community within the framework of the wider sign-meaning relation. This essential but insufficiently explored relationship was the central topic of the 33rd International Conference of the Croatian Applied Linguistics Society.

A classical viewpoint claims that reality consists of both things and stuff, and that we need a way to discuss these aspects of reality. This is achieved by using +count terms to talk about things while using +mass terms to talk about stuff. Bringing together contributions from internationally-renowned experts across interrelated disciplines, this book explores the relationship between mass and count nouns in a number of syntactic environments, and across a range of languages. It both explains how languages differ in their methods for describing these two fundamental categories of reality, and shows the many ways that modern linguistics looks to describe them. It also explores how the notions of count and mass apply to'abstract nouns', adding a new dimension to the countability discussion. With its pioneering approach to the fundamental questions surrounding mass-count distinction, this book will be essential reading for researchers in formal semantics and linguistic typology.

The first four lectures revolve around field semantics – research methods for studying linguistic meaning under fieldwork conditions. The remaining six lectures deal with semantic typology, the crosslinguistic study of how humans communicate about the world in terms of the meaning categories of the languages they speak. Together, the lectures present one of the first comprehensive introductions to either topic. A thread pervading the lectures involves the following questions: how much do languages vary in how they represent reality? To what extent does this variation reflect cultural differences? To what extent does it influence the nonverbal thinking of the speakers?

Die ästhetische Präsenz von Schrift ist nie rein dekorativ. Sie bietet einen Zugang zu ihrer inneren Organisation. Unser Blick wird früh darin geschult, die Spatien beim Lesen auszublenden und als neutralen Hintergrund ohne Bedeutung für den Sinn des Textes zu sehen. Zwischenräume beim Druck sind aber keineswegs leer. Letter und Lücke sind keine Gegensätze, sondern ineinander verzahnte, sich komplementär ergänzende Körper, die den Text als ein geometrisches Raster präsentieren. Von Lettern und Lücken betrachtet die Ordnung der Schrift im Bleisatz aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Sicht. Dabei werden literarische Drucktexte mit auffälligen typographischen und semantischen Lücken vorgestellt und von der anderen Seite des Schwarz-Weiß-Kippbildes her neu gelesen und neu gesehen.

The articles in this volume are the outcome of the successful BRIDGE Workshop held in Düsseldorf in 2014. The workshop gathered a number of distinguished researchers from formal semantics and conceptual semantics and aimed to initiate a deeper conversation and collaboration instead of separating the two sides as competing views. The workshop provided a platform to further discuss parallelisms on specific semantic issues on the one hand and on the other hand to confront opposed claims from the two different perspectives. This volume represents a selected number of high-quality papers presented at the workshop featuring various approaches to meaning from linguistics, logic and philosophy of language.

The volume contains a selection of articles on current theoretical issues in audiovisual translation, translator training and domain-specific issues. The authors are experts in their fields from renowned universities in the world. The book will be an indispensable aid for trainers and researchers, but may be of interest to anyone interested or active in translation and interpreting. A companion volume in this series contains articles on Translation Studies and literary translation.

In der linguistischen Theorie spielen Situationsargumente als Komponenten der lexikalisch-semantischen Repräsentation im Bereich verbaler Kategorien eine zentrale Rolle. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes erweitern das Postulat eines Situationsarguments auf den Bereich deverbaler Wortbildungsprodukte. Sie thematisieren den Status von Situationsargumenten anhand nominaler Einheiten mit einem verbalen Bestandteil. Die zentrale Frage dabei ist, wie und mit welchen syntaktischen und semantischen Reflexen ein (verbales) Situationsargument auf Wortebene kompositional in eine nominale Gesamtbedeutung eingehen kann. Anhand der für die verbalen Kategorien etablierten Diagnostiken werden in den einzelnen Beiträgen differenzierte Analysen zur Integration und Interpretation des Situationsarguments deverbaler Kategorien entwickelt. Dabei werden zugleich die unterschiedlichen Formen nominaler Strukturbildung (Derivation, Komposition, Konversion) abgedeckt. Der Band umfasst einen ersten Teil zu Nomen mit verbalem Bestandteil und in einen zweiten Teil zu Partizipien in adjektivischer Distribution. Zur Einführung ist ein Überblicksartikel vorangestellt, der die formalen Grundlagen für eine syntakto-semantische Erfassung von Situationsargumenten skizziert.

Ausgehend von den literatur- und diskursgeschichtlichen Schwellenräumen um 1800 und 1900 untersucht Natalia Igl den historisch-semantischen Wandel des komplementären Geschlechtermodells und dessen Krise. Anders als die bisherige Forschung legt sie dabei den Fokus auf den Naturalismus als Initialphase der literarischen Diskursivierung der »modernen« Geschlechterproblematik. Einen Kern der Textanalysen bilden die wenig erforschten naturalistischen und naturalismusnahen Dramen von Elsa Bernstein (1866-1949). Insgesamt zeigt die Untersuchung, dass dem Naturalismus sowohl mit Blick auf die Geschlechterkrise um 1900 wie auch auf den umfassenderen Diskurs der literarischen Anthropologie eine deutlich relevantere Stellung einzuräumen ist, als das bislang getan wurde. The study analyses the development and change of gender semantics during the'long 19th century', based on the premiss of the constitutive role of literature as a medium where socio-historical concepts are formed and reflected upon. In contrast to previous research, the focus thereby lies not on literature of the Fin de Siècle but on the German Naturalism: As Natalia Igl shows by detailed analysis, the era of Naturalism can be regarded as an initial phase where the perceived crisis of traditional'complementary'gender roles is being addressed in literary as well as in poetological discourse in a significant way. A core piece of the analysed texts consists of dramas of the non-canonical author Elsa Bernstein (1866-1949). Due to the close linkage of naturalist aesthetics and the issue of conflicting gender roles that characterises Bernsteins texts, their interpretation thus provides a'burning glass'which helps to shed light on the significance of changing gender semantics regarding the discourse of Naturalism as a whole. All in all, the study emphasises the relevance of the naturalist era as a liminal but not marginal epoch of literary modernims which plays a crucial role with respect to 19th century literary anthropology.

This volume puts leading pragmatists in the philosophy of language, including Robert Brandom, in contact with scholars concerned with what pragmatism has come to mean for the law. Each contribution uses the resources of pragmatism to tackle fundamental problems in the philosophy of language, the philosophy of law, and social and political philosophy. In many chapters, the version of pragmatism deployed proves a fruitful approach to its subject matter; in others, shortcomings of the specific brand of pragmatism are revealed. The result is a clearer understanding of what pragmatism has meant and can mean across these tightly related philosophical areas. The book, then, is itself pragmatism in action: it seeks to clarify its unifying concept by examining the practices that centrally involve it.

Papers in the collection concentrate on different issues relevant for contemporary research within semantics, such as the linguistic and philosophical status of representations, reference theory and indexicals, situation semantics, formal semantics, normativity of meaning and speech acts, and different approaches to context and contextualism. The authors investigate the links between semantics and syntax, and between semantics, pragmatics, and speech act theory, and demonstrate that it is possible to integrate findings from different disciplines. Recent studies often advocate a ‘pragmatic turn'in the study of meaning and context; however, the papers in the volume show that semantics and meaning remain in the center of research carried out within contemporary linguistics and philosophy, especially the philosophy of language. The volume includes contributions by: Brian Ball (St Anne's College, Oxford), John Collins (University of East Anglia), Luis Fernández Moreno (Complutense University of Madrid), Chris Fox (University of Essex), Filip Kawczyński (University of Warsaw), Katarzyna Kijania-Placek (Jagiellonian University), Joanna Klimczyk (Polish Academy of Sciences), Paul Livingston (University of New Mexico), Mark Pinder (University of Bristol), Ernesto Perini-Santos (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais), Tabea Reiner (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich), Stefan Riegelnik (University of Zurich), Arthur Sullivan (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Massimiliano Vignolo (University of Genoa), and Marián Zouhar (Slovak Academy of Sciences). The volume should be of interest to linguists, philosophers of language, and philosophers in general.

The articles in this volume grew from papers presented at the workshop on control held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 1989. The work of the various authors comes at a moment in linguistic theory that is notable for two developments. First, there has been increasing involvement of syntactic theory in semantics and of semantic theory in syntax, with the result that the sorting of facts into syntactic and semantic has become a more complex and theory-laden affair. Second, there has been an enormous growth both in the breadth and depth of studies in languages other than English. Both of these develop­ ments have left their mark on the authors, directly and indirectly. They have also been responsible for the shifts that have given the key terminology its present range of application. In this introduction we discuss the background to the issues that were particularly prominent both at the workshop and in the authors'final drafts. We also com­ ment on the spirit of inquiry that they represent. Our goal is to provide some orientation to the specific contents of the essays and to supply material for reflection on a set of problems that will doubtless develop and deepen as rapidly in the foreseeable future as they have in the recent past.

In almost all principled accounts of questions questions are related to the corresponding answers. Zellig Harris (Harris 1978:1), for example, maintains that'... all interrogative sentences can be derived, by means of the independently established transformations of the language, from sentences which assert that someone is asking about a disjunction of statements which are the relevant possible answers to that interroga­ tive.'This amounts to the claim that a yes-no question such as Will John stay? is derived from I ask you whether John will stay and a wh­ question such as Who came is derived from something like I ask you whether A came or B came or... or X came.. Though in generative grammar interrogatives are not derived from the corresponding declaratives, the semantic interpretation of questions is akin to the syntactic source of questions posited by Harris. Jerrold J.Katz and Paul M.Postal (Katz-Postal 1964:113-117) state a reading rule for Q, the interrogative constituent, which boils down to (1) in the case of yes-no questions and to (2) in the case of wh-questions. (1) Tell me which of the following is true: John will stay or John will not stay. (2) Tell me which of the following is true: A came or B came or... or X came. Thus, the semantic interpretation of questions makes reference to the set of possible answers represented here by a disjunction of statements.

Among the several dozens of symposia held on the occasion of the quincentennial of U ppsala University, there was included one symposium devoted to the theme of'Philosophy and Grammar'. A selection of the most important papers delivered at this symposium have been collected in this volume. The papers need no introduction, but the inclusion of two of them in this collection requires a brief comment. First, the paper by von Wright, although not directly concerned with the central topic of the symposium, has been included because it was the terminating speech of the six parallel symposia (including the symposium on'Philosophy and Grammar') held by the Humanities Faculty and moreover, because the raison d'etre of the Humanities is analyzed in this paper by a very prominent Swedish-speaking philosopher. Second, Professor Hintikka was unable to participate. In view of his expertise in the field, we nevertheless requested him to contribute a paper, so to speak, post factum. This he very generously did. We wish to express our sincere appreciation to all who participated and/or helped to carry the sessions through to a successful conclusion. We also wish to extend a special thanks to Professor Roman lakobson of Harvard University, who assumed the responsibility of General Chairman of the symposium.

Aujourd'hui, la Terminologie est le plus souvent définie comme une organisation des lexiques de domaines spécialisés. Cette discipline en expansion, de plus en plus servie par la technologie informatique, est sollicitée par de nombreux secteurs techniques et commerciaux. Doit-on se limiter à des nomenclatures spécialisées ou analyser en profondeur le sens, la signification de termes linguistiques et de concepts? Le concept, c'est du sens : un ensemble particulier de représentations mentales. Si des termes ne sont pas directement traduisibles d'une langue à l'autre, c'est souvent parce que leurs sens ne sont pas directement transposables d'une histoire, d'une culture, d'une société à une autre et qu'en conséquence leur sens, leurs référents et leur praxis diffèrent. Les termes, les concepts n'existent que dans des sociétés particulières, des cultures particulières et dans des langues particulières. Partant, de nombreux termes ne sont pas simples mais (très) complexes. Les neuf contributions de cet ouvrage – issu d'un colloque qui s'est tenu à l'Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense en 2009 – présentent diverses manières dont linguistes, lexicographes et juristes exposent leur compréhension des questions terminologiques. Une telle approche interdisciplinaire et plurilingue – fr., russe, all. – ne requiert nullement des concepts, des théories et des méthodes uniformes. Elle apporte, au contraire, un ensemble d'éclairages plus originaux, plus souples pour la compréhension d'un savoir en devenir comme l'est la Terminologie.

New Perspectives in Role and Reference Grammar presents a broad picture of current developments in Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), a version of parallel structure grammar with an emphasis on typological adequacy. Since its inception, RRG has been applied to a wide range of languages, in particular to case marking, complex clauses (e.g. control, raising, and serial verb constructions), unaccusativity/unergativity, and the interplay between syntax and information structure.The present book is a continued investigation of the intermodular correspondence in a variety of languages and comprises 13 papers, which not only contribute to the further development of the theory, but also investigate controversial areas of linguistic theory including inflectional and derivational morphology, verbal semantics and argument structure (anticausative and serial verb constructions), the argument-adjunct distinction, an extended typology of complex clauses, the syntax-information structure interface, and interactions between the lexicon and constructions. In addition, three papers illustrate how RRG may be applied to sign languages, language acquisition, and machine translation from Arabic to English.

So it is hardly a decade ago that presupposition theory has been cast into a promising theoretical form. And as this provided an inspiring starting point for further research, we thought that, at the turn of the century, the time had come to discuss what the new theory had taught us and which promising further perspectives had been opened up. This was the motivation behind the conference on'Presupposition'which we convened in Stuttgart in October 2000, and which gave rise to the papers collected in this volume. The conference was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, which we gratefully acknowledge. Undoubtedly, presupposition theory is a major chapter in the success story of dynamic semantics. A conference on the topic thus also seemed to us the ideal birthday present for one of the founding fathers of dynamic semantics, our teacher and friend Hans Kamp, on his 60th birthday. To him we dedicate the volume as an expression of our gratitude for his untiring effort to make us understand.

Ce volume réunit une sélection d'articles faisant suite aux communications présentées au colloque'Entre sens et signification''organisé les 1er et 2 juin 2006 à la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de l'Université Catholique de Lille. Le but général du colloque était d'étudier l'articulation entre deux disciplines que l'on distingue traditionnellement : la sémantique et la pragmatique. Il ne s'agissait pas d'évaluer la pertinence de la pragmatique dans l'étude du sens mais l'apport de la pragmatique à l'étude sémantique.

Metadata and Semantics is an edited volume based on the 2007 Conference on Metadata and Semantics Research (MTSR), now in its second meeting. Metadata research is a pluri-disciplinary field that encompasses all aspects of the definition, creation, assessment, management and use of metadata. This edited volume brings together world class leaders to contribute their research and up-to-date information on metadata and semantics applied to library management, e-commerce, e-business, information science and librarianship, to name a few. Metadata and Semantics is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science, information systems and information science and librarianship.

This book, Utterance Interpretation and Cognitive Models, is a collection of papers that stems from the conference of the same name held at the Free University of Brussels in June 2006. Our main objective is to reconcile armchair theorising about the semantics-pragmatics interface with hypotheses about cognitive architecture. For that reason, the papers in the collection place some of the hottest questions in contemporary philosophy of language within the scope of a psychologically plausible theory of human communication. The collection is articulated into three parts. The first concerns the cognitive counterparts of lexical meanings. The second explores the links between moods and forces. The third looks at the epistemological status of semantic theory from the point of view of human psychology.

Comment la linguistique de l'oral spontané, l'analyse conversationnelle, la linguistique de l'énonciation, la linguistique textuelle, l'analyse du discours, la sociolinguistique et la linguistique variationniste ont-elles abordé, à côté de la stabilisation linguistique et sociale du sens, au-delà de la polysémie, le problème de l'anomalie, de la transgression, de la marginalité, des productions'différentes'?

Description based on print version record.

Les articles réunis dans ce volume sont issus du colloque ayant pour thème'Aspects linguistiques du texte de propagande'qui s'est tenu en novembre 2002 à Brest. Nous sommes tous soumis à ce type de texte, qui tente de nous tromper, de nous manipuler ; d'où la nécessité de comprendre ses techniques langagières, ses traits linguistiques et ses stratégies discursives afin de déjouer cette tentative de manipulation. Politique (événements de 2002) mais aussi documents économiques, publicitaires ou caritatifs sont concernés.

The three concepts of case, valency and transitivity belong to the most discussed topics of modern linguistics. On the one hand, they are crucially connected with morphological aspects of the clause, including case marking, person agreement and voice. On the other hand, they are related to several semantic issues such as the meaning of case, semantico-syntactic verbal classes, and the semantic correlates of transitivity. The volume unifies papers written within different theoretical frameworks and representing variegated approaches (Optimality Theory, Government and Binding, various versions o.

Presenting cutting-edge research in syntax and semantics, this important volume furthers theoretical claims in generative linguistics and represents a significant addition to present scholarship in the field. Leading scholars present crosslinguistic studies dealing with clausal architecture, negation, and tense and aspect, and the issue of whether a statistical model can by itself capture the richness of human linguistic abilities. Taken together, these contributions elegantly show how theoretical tools can propel our understanding of language beyond pretheoretical descriptions, especially when combined with the insight and skills of linguists who can analyze difficult and complex data.Crosslinguistic Research in Syntax and Semantics covers a range of topics currently at the center of lively debate in the linguistic literature, such as the structure of the left periphery of the clause, the proper treatment of negative polarity items, and the role of statistical learning in building a model of linguistic competence. The ten original contributions offer an excellent balance of novel empirical description and theoretical analysis, applied to a wide range of languages, including Dutch, German, Irish English, Italian, Malagasy, Malay, and a number of medieval Romance languages. Scholars and students of semantics, syntax, and linguistic theory will find it to be a valuable resource for ongoing scholarship and advanced study.

Since entering the stage, Davidsonian event arguments have taken on a central role in linguistic theorizing. Recent years have seen a continuous extension of possible applications for them, not only in semantics but also in syntax. At the same time questions concerning the ontological status of events have received renewed attention. This collection of articles provides new evidence for the virtually ubiquitous presence of event arguments in linguistic structure and sheds new light on their nature. The volume is organized into four sections: Events - states - causation; Event nominals; Events in composition; Measuring events.

Form-Meaning Connections in Second Language Acquisition is an interdisciplinary and timely edited book of essays and empirical studies, most of which are based on the papers presented at the Form and Meaning Conference held in Chicago in 2002. The goal of the conference and now of the book is to present linguistic and cognitive approaches to second language acquisition, attempting to integrate external and internal issues in interlanguage development, while outlining directions for future research. The editors address questions, such as: What is the nature and sequence of the form-meaning mapping process? How are these connections made? How are these connections used to construct grammars and lexicons? And, how can conditions and external factors be manipulated to improve the chances of making these form-meaning connections?Contributors to this volume include such second language acquisition scholars as Susan Gass, Nick Ellis, Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig, Catherine Doughty, and Diane Larsen-Freeman. They address these form-meaning issues from a variety of settings and from multiple perspectives.Researchers and graduate students in applied linguistics, cognitive psychology, linguistics, and language pedagogy will find this volume to be an important resource.

Chiefly revisions of papers presented at the 6th International Columbia School Conference on Linguistics held at Rutgers University in Oct. 1999.

This collected volume presents radically new directions which are emerging in cognitive lexical semantics research. A number of papers re-ignite the polysemy vs. monosemy debate, and testify to the fact that polysemy is no longer simply taken for granted, but is currently a much more contested issue than it was in the 1980s and 1990s. Other papers offer fresh perspectives on the prototype structure of lexical categories, while generally accepted notions about the radial network structure of categories are questioned in papers on the development of word meaning in child language acquisition and in diachrony. Additional topics include the interaction of lexical and constructional meaning, and the relationship between word meanings and the contexts in which the words are encountered. This book is of interest to semanticists and cognitive linguists, as well as to scholars working in the broader field of cognitive science.

Die Buchreihe Linguistik – Impulse & Tendenzen (LIT) ist ein attraktives Forum für hochwertige Arbeiten zur Sprachwissenschaft – insbesondere zur germanistischen Linguistik. Sie sucht aktuelle Tendenzen aufzunehmen und widerzuspiegeln, gleichzeitig aber wegweisende Impulse für das Fach und seine weitere Entwicklung zu geben. Ihr Fokus ist die synchrone Sprachwissenschaft mit all ihren Facetten. Die Reihe versammelt ebenso Arbeiten zur Pragmatik, Computerlinguistik und Grammatiktheorie wie zur Soziolinguistik, Fachsprachenforschung oder Textlinguistik. Ihre Leitlinien sind Innovativität, Transdisziplinarität und qualitative Exzellenz. Sie steht Monographien ebenso offen wie systematisch angelegten Sammel- und Tagungsbänden.

Recently, the investigation of word meaning in utterances has connected two different fields: lexical semantics and pragmatics. A new linguistic discipline, namely lexical pragmatics, is emerging. The eleven papers of the present book constitute a unit in the sense that they have a common aim: to explore the interaction between lexical semantics and pragmatics. The authors examine phenomena such as productive sense extension, regular polysemy, multifunctionality, implicit arguments and predicates, and non-typical anaphoric pronouns, on the basis of linguistic data, for instance, from English, Norwegian, Russian, and Hungarian, as well as using a great variety of frameworks (optimality framework, two-level semantics, the theory of generative lexicon, cognitive grammar, Gricean theory, and relevance theory.

Description based on print version record.

In recent years the idea that an adequate semantics of ordinary language calls for some theory of events has sparked considerable debate among linguists and philosophers. Speaking of Events offers a vivid and up-to-date indication of this debate, with emphasis precisely on the interplay between linguistic applications and philosophical implications. Each chapter has been written expressly for this volume by leading authors in the field, including Nicholas Asher, Pier Marco Bertinetto, Johannes Brandl, Denis Delfitto, Regine Eckardt, James Higginbotham, Alessandro Lenci, Terence Parsons, Alice ter Meulen, and Henk Verkuyl.

'The basic tenet of cognitive linguistics is that every linguistic expression is a construal relation. The first section of this volume focuses on issues of such construal and presentation of information, including figure-ground relations, image-schematic structures, and the role of syntactic constructions in information structure. In sections two and three papers are presented on cross-categorial polysemy between lexical and grammatical uses of a morpheme, and between different grammatical senses, and on the relationship between earlier lexical senses and later grammatical ones. The final section of the volume brings together studies which shed further light on transitivity and argument structure. The study of transitivity necessarily entails exploration of the relationship between syntactic constructions and the pragmatics and semantics conveyed by such constructions. As a whole, this collection of papers gives new evidence on the complexity and motivation of the mapping between linguistic form and function and offers a wealth of new directions for research on the construction of meaning at every level of the sentence.'

Truth, Syntax and Modality

'This collection of papers arises from a meeting of relevance theorists held in Osaka, May 29-30, 1993. Speakers at the conference included both of the originators of the theory, Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, the editors of this volume and several other Japanese linguists and pragmatists, all of whose work is included.The full breadth and richness of relevance theory is represented here, both in its applications to problems of utterance interpretation, that fall squarely within the domain of pragmatics, and its implications for linguistic semantics. Several papers investigate and assess the theory's account of figurative uses of language, such as irony, metaphor and metonymy. Other central pragmatic issues include a relevance-driven account of generalized implicature, the role of bridging implicatures in reference assignment, the way in which different intonation patterns contribute to the relevance of an utterance and the application of the theory to literary texts. The recently developed semantic distinction between conceptually and procedurally encoded meaning, motivated by relevance-theoretic considerations, is employed in new accounts of several Japanese particles and in a fresh perspective on the phenomenon of metalinguistic negation.The volume comes with a comprehensive glossary of relevance-theoretic terms.'

'The papers in this volume have been grouped in three thematic parts: Valence which plays a key concept in the syntactic classification of verbs and adjectives, provides a necessary link for decoding and encoding grammatical relations, and is an important requisite for the evaluation of formal languages for the purpose of describing and explaining phenomena of natural language. The second group of papers concerns the notion of (deep) case and the implications of tracing a grammatical theory on semantic case. The final series of papers is distinguished by the degree of accent it puts on the link between linguistic surface phenomena, including semantic case, and grammatical relations, in the sense that it has been postulated by Universal Grammar.'

Die Buchreihe Linguistische Arbeiten hat mit über 500 Bänden zur linguistischen Theoriebildung der letzten Jahrzehnte in Deutschland und international wesentlich beigetragen. Die Reihe wird auch weiterhin neue Impulse für die Forschung setzen und die zentrale Einsicht der Sprachwissenschaft präsentieren, dass Fortschritt in der Erforschung der menschlichen Sprachen nur durch die enge Verbindung von empirischen und theoretischen Analysen sowohl diachron wie synchron möglich ist. Daher laden wir hochwertige linguistische Arbeiten aus allen zentralen Teilgebieten der allgemeinen und einzelsprachlichen Linguistik ein, die aktuelle Fragestellungen bearbeiten, neue Daten diskutieren und die Theorieentwicklung vorantreiben.

Les textes ici rassemblées donnent un tableau fidèle de l'état actuel et l'orientation des recherches linguistiques. Non que toutes les écoles, chapelles, églises et sectes y soient représentées: un seul volume n'y suffirait pas. Mais les principaux courants y sont, et pas seulement dans les patronages dont ils se réclament: également dans l'approche des faits, dans le type de problème soulevé, dans les solutions envisagées.

Die Buchreihe Linguistische Arbeiten hat mit über 500 Bänden zur linguistischen Theoriebildung der letzten Jahrzehnte in Deutschland und international wesentlich beigetragen. Die Reihe wird auch weiterhin neue Impulse für die Forschung setzen und die zentrale Einsicht der Sprachwissenschaft präsentieren, dass Fortschritt in der Erforschung der menschlichen Sprachen nur durch die enge Verbindung von empirischen und theoretischen Analysen sowohl diachron wie synchron möglich ist. Daher laden wir hochwertige linguistische Arbeiten aus allen zentralen Teilgebieten der allgemeinen und einzelsprachlichen Linguistik ein, die aktuelle Fragestellungen bearbeiten, neue Daten diskutieren und die Theorieentwicklung vorantreiben.

This book contains a selection of the papers given at an international conference at the University of Konstanz (Germany) in 1991. All contributions relate to the assumption that lexical knowledge plays a central role in the organization of language, inasmuch as the components or modules of grammar come together and interact in the lexicon. Originating in various traditions of linguistic thought, however, the individual papers reflect differing interests and are based upon different conceptions of the lexicon, its status and interfaces. There is the position of current generative linguistics, which aims at accounting for structural properties of the lexicon within syntactic theory. There is also the perspective of model-theoretical semantics, where borderline phenomena between lexical semantics and the semantics of sentence and text receive particular attention. Still another group of papers directly discusses problems of lexical semantics, focussing on representational and conceptual aspects of word meanings. The notion of a two-level semantics as well as cross-linguistic analyses are characteristic of these contributions. The book closes with a comparative and historical study of lexical evolution.

This volume contains selected contributions to the interdisciplinary symposium on'Models of Meaning'held in Varna, September 25-28, 1988, under the auspices of the Institute of the Bulgarian Language of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The aim of the meeting was to broaden the horizons of meaning research and the modeling of linguistic semantics, with contributions centering on the appropriate modeling of lexical, syntactic, and textual-semantic representations. The papers challenge some basic notions of semantics and reveal two main avenues of development in contemporary investigations. One is toward broadening the scope of investigativeness, the second is toward a greater domain-specificity as expressed in a greater sensitivity to pragmatics and meta-pragmatic concerns.

Die Buchreihe Linguistische Arbeiten hat mit über 500 Bänden zur linguistischen Theoriebildung der letzten Jahrzehnte in Deutschland und international wesentlich beigetragen. Die Reihe wird auch weiterhin neue Impulse für die Forschung setzen und die zentrale Einsicht der Sprachwissenschaft präsentieren, dass Fortschritt in der Erforschung der menschlichen Sprachen nur durch die enge Verbindung von empirischen und theoretischen Analysen sowohl diachron wie synchron möglich ist. Daher laden wir hochwertige linguistische Arbeiten aus allen zentralen Teilgebieten der allgemeinen und einzelsprachlichen Linguistik ein, die aktuelle Fragestellungen bearbeiten, neue Daten diskutieren und die Theorieentwicklung vorantreiben.

In the last decade, there has been a revival of interest regarding negation and polarity, with much cross-fertilization between semantic and syntactic approaches. The papers in the present volume address key issues regarding the syntax and semantics of negation and polarity, including both synchronic and diachronic perpectives. Central to the discussions are the distribution of negative markers and the structure of the clause, negative concord phenomena, licensing of polarity items, similarities between Neg-movement and wh-movement. The papers, by main contributors to the field, reflect different theoretical frameworks, including Principles and Parameters and Minimalist approaches, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Formal Semantics, or approaches interested in pragmatics. The volume is of interest to syntacticians, semanticians, historical linguists, typologists, and philosophers.

This volume is about the nature of categories in cognition and the relevance of these in language description, especially classifier systems. The classical view of categories was that they were discrete and based upon clusters of properties which were inherent to the entities. In recent years this conception has been challenged in different fields. By now prototype theory has established itself as one of the main approaches in linguistics. This volume brings classifier systems to the attention of cognitive psychologists dealing with the phenomenon of human categorization. For the general linguist it shows what can be learned from classifier systems into any theory on the nature of language organization, it will challenge some of the most entrenched notions in the field of linguistics, notions of what language is made of and how it functions.

No detailed description available for'Meaning and Understanding'.