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42nd FEBS Congress, From Molecules to Cells and Back, Jerusalem, Israel, September 10-14, 2017

Wolfram syndrome-1 is a rare and severe autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and deafness. Poorly controlled type 1 DM increases the risk for thrombosis. However, coexistence of DM and hereditary thrombosis factors is rarely observed. Here we present the case of a 13.5-year-old, nonfollowed girl newly diagnosed with poorly controlled Wolfram syndrome on the basis of the results of clinical and laboratory examinations. On the eighth day after diabetic ketoacidosis treatment, pulmonary embolism developed in the subject. Thrombus identified in the right atrium using echocardiography was treated by emergency thrombectomy. Homozygous mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T, heterozygous factor-V Leiden mutation, and active protein C resistance were identified in the patient. The patient was lost because of a recurring episode of pulmonary embolism on the 86th day of hospitalization. We present this case to highlight the need for investigating hereditary thrombosis risk factors in diabetic patients in whom thromboembolism develops.

Wolfram syndrome-1 is a rare and severe autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and deafness. Poorly controlled type 1 DM increases the risk for thrombosis. However, coexistence of DM and hereditary thrombosis factors is rarely observed. Here we present the case of a 13.5-year-old, nonfollowed girl newly diagnosed with poorly controlled Wolfram syndrome on the basis of the results of clinical and laboratory examinations. On the eighth day after diabetic ketoacidosis treatment, pulmonary embolism developed in the subject. Thrombus identified in the right atrium using echocardiography was treated by emergency thrombectomy. Homozygous mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T, heterozygous factor-V Leiden mutation, and active protein C resistance were identified in the patient. The patient was lost because of a recurring episode of pulmonary embolism on the 86th day of hospitalization. We present this case to highlight the need for investigating hereditary thrombosis risk factors in diabetic patients in whom thromboembolism develops.

INTRODUCTION The hippocampus is an important region of the brain that regulates cognitive and emotional functions. In this study, we examined the impact of perinatal administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampi of female rats.

INTRODUCTION: The hippocampus is an important region of the brain that regulates cognitive and emotional functions. In this study, we examined the impact of perinatal administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampi of female rats. METHODS: Five groups of rats were used in this study. Three groups of female rats were administered TP in either both the prenatal and the postnatal periods (Group 1), only the prenatal period (Group 2) or only the postnatal period (Group 3). The other two groups of rats included control females (Group 4) and control males (Group 5). The rats were sacrificed on postnatal Day 120 and their brains were analysed for hippocampal pyramidal neuron number using stereological methods. RESULTS: Control male rats (Group 5; p = 0.043) and TP-treated female rats in Groups 1 (p = 0.012) and 2 (p = 0.037), but not Group 3 (p > 0.05), had a significantly higher number of pyramidal neurons than control female rats (Group 4). The rats in Group 1 had the highest number of pyramidal neurons among the female rats. CONCLUSION: Perinatal TP treatment has an augmenting effect on the number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampi of female rats. We also found gender-based differences in the hippocampi of male and female rats, with a higher number of pyramidal neurons seen in male rats. Continuous TP administration during the prenatal and postnatal periods is more effective than administration only in the prenatal or postnatal period.

Objectives: To evaluate the impaired glucose metabolism and their possible risk factors in beta thalassemia major (TM) patients negative for hepatitis serology and PCR Design: Prospective descriptive study Setting: Department of Pediatric Hematology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey Subjects: Patients with history of familial diabetes mellitus (DM) and hepatitis serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive TM patients were excluded. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done on 32 TM patients. Insulinogenic index, beta-cell function index and insulin resistance index were calculated. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose metabolism in beta TM patients negative for hepatitis serology and PCR Results: Seven patients (1.8%) had impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). Three patients (9.3%) were diagnosed with DM, one (3.1%) patient with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and three (9.3%) patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Cases with IGM had significantly higher, annual erythrocyte consumption rate (ml/kg/year), ferritin, alaninaminotransferase (ALT), post-splenectomy period, age at first transfusion when compared with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) patients (p < 0.05). Insulinogenic index decreased in IGM patients compared to NGM patients (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Our results show that annual erythrocyte consumption rate, ferritin, post-splenectomy period, insulinogenic index and ALT values are predictive of IGM in TM patients negative for hepatitis serology and PCR.

Objective: Epidemiologic and clinical features of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may show substantial differences among countries. The primary goal in the management of T1DM is to prevent micro- and macrovascular complications by achieving good glycemic control. The present study aimed to assess metabolic control, presence of concomitant autoimmune diseases, and of acute and long-term complications in patients diagnosed with T1DM during childhood and adolescence. The study also aimed to be a first step in the development of a national registry system for T1DM, in Turkey. Methods: Based on hospital records, this cross-sectional, multicenter study included 1 032 patients with T1DM from 12 different centers in Turkey, in whom the diagnosis was established during childhood. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Metabolic control, diabetes care, complications, and concomitant autoimmune diseases were evaluated. Results: Mean age, diabetes duration, and hemoglobin A1c level were 12.5 +/- 4.1 years, 4.7 +/- 3.2 years, and 8.5 +/- 1.6%, respectively. Acute complications noted in the past year included ketoacidosis in 5.2% of the patients and severe hypoglycemia in 4.9%. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was noted in 12%, Graves' disease in 0.1%, and celiac disease in 4.3% of the patients. Chronic complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, and persistent microalbuminuria were present in 2.6%, 1.4%, and 5.4% of the patients, respectively. Diabetic nephropathy was not present in any of the patients. Mean diabetes duration and age of patients with neuropathy, retinopathy and microalbuminuria were significantly different from the patients without these long-term complications (p

Semiz S, Kucuktasci K, Zencir M, Sevinc O. One-year follow-up of penis and testis sizes of healthy Turkish male newborns. Turk J Pedatr 2011; 53: 661-665. Penile length, penile diameter and testicular volume at birth reflect the activity and normality of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis. In this prospective longitudinal study, we aimed to measure penis and testicular size in healthy newborns at birth and 6 and 12 months of age. Seven hundred forty-six term healthy male newborns were enrolled in the study. According to measurements taken within 48 hours after birth, mean penile length (MPL) was 2.81 +/- 0.32 cm, mean penile diameter (MPD) 1.04 +/- 0.09 cm, right testicular volume (TV) 1.73 +/- 0.45 ml, and left TV 1.64 +/- 0.48 ml. At 6 months of age, MPL was 3.67 +/- 0.35 cm, MPD 1.23 +/- 0.08 cm, right TV 2.07 +/- 0.31 ml, and left TV 2.00 +/- 0.27 ml. At 12 months of age, MPL was 4.47 +/- 0.43 cm, MPD 1.25 +/- 0.09 cm, right TV 2.01 +/- 0.12 ml, and left TV 2.01 +/- 0.13 ml. There was a weak albeit statistically significant correlation between weight, length and PL at birth. In conclusion, the MPL of newborns was shorter than that reported in the published data from other populations. This situation may be related to ethnicity in addition to the lower birth weight and length of our subjects when compared to the newborns in other populations. We observed a significant increase, more marked during the first six months, in MPL, MPD and TV, which can be explained by the hormonal mechanism during minipuberty.

The aim of this study is to determine the effective factors, the difficulties encountered, and the attainable levels of the objectives in the certification process of small and medium-sized enterprises with the ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems (QMS) certificate in Turkey textile sector. The study was carried out by reaching out to the managers that managed certification process in companies. The data collected via questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS 11.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois) environment. The screening method was used in the research and the study group consisted of 108 small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) which were randomly selected. The assessments were fulfilled according to frequency, mean, standard variation related to the findings obtained from the responses given to the survey questions. However, in order to determine whether there were differences in the assessments according to satisfaction variable after ISO 9000 QMS certification, one-way variation analysis (ANOVA) was made up. Tukey-HSD test was used to determine in which groups the possible differences belong. Significance level was taken as p

In this study, advanced production and management technologies which are implemented in Turkey Automotive Sector have been examined. The factors such as the aims of implementation of ATs, the levels attainable to aims and the factors blocking the usage have been evaluated. In use of advanced technology in sector, the result of that many goals have been targeted to perform has been achieved. In use of APTs, as the factors especially that are "speeding up and shortening the production process", "quality improvement", "reducing costs", "increasing production" are considered the important aims; and, in use of AMTs, the factor that is "ensuring effective and efficient working environment to take advantage of human resources at the highest level" comes to the fore. The leading one of the factors blocking the use of advanced production technology has been seen to be "financial problems. When evaluating that case along with the result of that advanced technologies are the most important factor affecting competitive tools, it can be stated that the companies have an idea that there is a compulsory to overcome this problem. Also, in sector, it has been achieved that the result of the important aims between today and the future in concern with the concentration of different APTs and AMTs implementations were determined.

Material and Methods. Twenty-five female patients followed for thalassaemia major constituted the study population. Sexual maturation and hormonal status were assessed. Pubertal and menstrual problems were investigated. Results. There was one patient with delayed puberty and five patients with arrested puberty. Mean ferritin level in this group of patients was slightly but not significantly higher than patients with normal pubertal maturation (2620 +/- 994 ng/ml vs. 2409 +/- 1348 ng/ml, p > 0.05). There were 10 patients with primary amenorrhoea, three with secondary amenorrhoea, five with oligomenorrhoea and irregular menstruation and one with regular menstruation. Compared to menstruating patients, the mean uterine size was smaller (4.1 +/- 3.5 cm

In respect of organizations, it is possible to maintain their manufacturing efficiently and productively by making right decisions at the right times. And, they should realize their investments related to advanced technologies to respond to customer needs and expectations and sustainable competition. The process connected with these investments which have high cost is complex and have many unknowns. The comprehension of technology management has become important in recent years to manage successfully that process. This study is focused on the relationship between technology management and advanced production-management technologies. By this aim, a survey done in Turkey Automotive Sector has been given a place. In the search, the situation about technology management is considered by evaluating data related to using advanced technology in organizations. Automotive sector is one of the sectors which are most affected by the changing of economical and social conditions. From the result obtained in this research, it can be stated that the problems are partly present in the implementation of the advanced production and management technologies and that the approach of the technology management was not completely adopted by the organizations. But, that the organizations are trying to realize their technological changes by connecting with also different institution can be stated.

The aim of this study is to determine the effective factors, the difficulties encountered, and the attainable levels of the objectives in the certification process of small and medium-sized enterprises with the ISO 9000 Quality Management Systems (QMS) certificate in Turkey textile sector. The study was carried out by reaching out to the managers that managed certification process in companies. The data collected via questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS 11.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois) environment. The screening method was used in the research and the study group consisted of 108 small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) which were randomly selected. The assessments were fulfilled according to frequency, mean, standard variation related to the findings obtained from the responses given to the survey questions. However, in order to determine whether there were differences in the assessments according to satisfaction variable after ISO 9000 QMS certification, one-way variation analysis (ANOVA) was made up. Tukey-HSD test was used to determine in which groups the possible differences belong. Significance level was taken as p

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; yeni tanılı Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu olgularda, ilk başvuru anındaki anormal tiroid fonksiyon testleri görülme sıklığını ve bunların kısa süreli takip sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2001-2006 yılları arasında, ilk tanıyı hastanemiz Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği’nde alan ve bu tanıyla takip edilen Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu 42 hastanın tiroid fonksiyon testleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların, başvuru anından itibaren, ortalama 4.5’uncu günde, tiroid fonksiyon testleri ve tiroid otoantikorlarına bakıldı. Tiroid fonksiyon testleri median 180. günde tekrar değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 22’si (%52.4) kız, 20’si (%47.6) erkek idi ve ortalama yaş 9.4 (±3.6) olarak saptandı. Başvuru anında 23 (%54.8) hasta diabetik ketoasidoz, 15 (%35.7) hasta ketozis ve 4 (%9.5) hasta ise hiperglisemi tablosunda idi. Hastaların 26’sı (% 61.9) ötiroid iken, 16’sında (% 38.1) tiroid fonksiyon testlerinde bozukluk saptandı. Anormal tiroid fonksiyonu tespit edilen hastalardan 12’sinin (%75.0) ötiroid hasta sendromu olduğu görüldü ve bu hastalardan 10’unun (%83.3) başvuru kliniği diabetik ketoasidoz idi. Bu olguların çoğunun geçici olduğu, bir tanesi dışında tümünde anormal tiroid fonksiyon testlerinin düzeldiği görüldü. Başvuruda ketozis veya hiperglisemi kliniği olan olguların 2’sinde (%10.5), diabetik ketoasidozlu olguların 5’inde (%21.7) olmak üzere toplam 7 (%16.7) olguda tiroid antikor pozitişiği mevcuttu. Kontrolde toplam 42 hastadan, 6’sinda (%14.3) anormal TFT saptandı ve başlangıçtaki tiroid disfonksiyonu %38.1’den, %14.3’e geriledi. Sonuç: Bu retrospektif çalışma ile yeni tanılı Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu olgularda tiroid fonksiyon testlerindeki anormalliklerin sık, çoğunlukla geçici olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle tiroid patolojisi düşündüren herhangi bir klinik durum yok ise, tiroid fonksiyon testlerinin ilk tanıdan en az 1 ay sonra değerlendirilmesinin uygun olacağı kanısındayız. Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence and short term outcome of abnormal thyroid functions in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Fourty-two patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus who were diagnosed and observed in our department of pediatrics between 2001-2006 were retrospectively evaluated. The thyroid function tests of the patients were measured within four and a half days of the initial diagnosis of diabetes and at least one follow-up test median on day 180 after diagnosis. Results: Twenty-two (52.4%) of the patients were female and 20 (47.6%) were male. Mean age of the patients was 9.4 (±3.6) years. Twenty-three patients (54.8%) were diagnosed as diabetic ketoacidosis, 15 (35.7%) as ketosis and 4 (9.5%) as hyperglycemia at the time of initial presentation. Thyroid functions were normal in 26 (61.9%) subjects. Thyroid function tests were abnormal in 16 (38.1%) subjects of whom 12 (75.0%) had biochemical findings compatible with sick euthyroid syndrome and of these 10 (83.3%) had diabetic ketoacidosis. All of these abnormalities were transient and thyroid function tests all returned to normal except for one patient. Antithyroid antibodies were positive in 7 (16.7%) subjects 2 (10.5%) with ketosis or hyperglycemia and 5 (21.7%) diabetic ketoacidosis. Thyroid function tests were abnormal in 6 (14.3.1%) subjects at follow-up. Thyroid disfunction rate decrased the 38.1% to 14.3% at the follow-up. Conclusion: This retrospective study revealed that abnormalities in thyroid function tests in subjects with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes mellitus were frequent and mostly transient. For this reason, in the absence of any clinical situation suggesting a thyroid disorder, we think it would be better to assess thyroid function tests at least one mouth after theinitial diagnosis of diabetes.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of body fat distribution in childhood obesity, we investigated the associations of subcutaneous and intraabdominal (properitoneal and visceral) fat, estimated by ultrasonography, with metabolic risk factors. Subjects: Fifty-one obese (age 11.5 +/- 2.6 years) and 33 non-obese (age 12.2 +/- 2.7 years) children. Study Design: Case control study Methods: Ultrasonographic measurements of fat thickness [maximum and minimum preperitoneal fat thicknesses (Pmax, Pmin), maximum and minimum subcutaneous fat thicknesses (Smax, Smin), visceral fat thickness (V), triceps (Tr) and subscapular (Ss) skin fold thicknesses] were documented. Blood pressures, lipid profiles, fasting insulin levels, glucose/insulin ratio and HOMA(IR) (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) were evaluated in both groups and these parameters were con-elated with body fat distribution. Results: In the obese group, fasting insulin level was correlated to Sin in, Smax, and Pmin. HOMA, accordingly, was also correlated to Smin, Smax, and Pmin. Fasting insulin level and HOMA showed no correlation with either Pmax or visceral fat thickness. Analysis: Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were the best predictors of hyperinsulinemia (R-2: 0.32). Conclusion: We did not observe a significant correlation between blood pressure, lipid parameters and body fat distribution in obese group. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness might be a better predictor of the risk for hyperinsulinemia in childhood obesity.

Background: Several prospective epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and plasma homocysteine (hcy) are predictors of future coronary events among healthy men and women. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate a possible relationship between hsCRP, hcy levels and body mass index (BMI), relative weight (RW), serum leptin levels, and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents. Methods: The study involved 28 obese children and adolescents (13 girls, 15 boys; BMI > 95 parts per thousand for age and sex), 4.5-15 years of age (mean 10.7 +/- 0.6 years), who attended hospital for a basic obesity check-up. The association between hsCRP, hcy levels and BMI, RW, serum leptin levels, and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, serum fasting insulin levels, and insulin resistance indexes, was investigated. Results: Serum hsCRP level was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.512, P < 0.01), RW (r = 0.438, P < 0.05), systolic and diastolic BP (r = 0.498, P < 0.01), serum leptin levels (r = 0.457, P < 0.05), but not with serum lipid, glucose, fasting insulin, plasma hcy levels or insulin resistance indexes. For hcy level, in contrast, no correlation was found with BMI, RW, systolic and diastolic BP, serum lipid levels, leptin, hsCRP, glucose, fasting insulin levels, or insulin resistance indexes. Conclusions: hsCRP is correlated with BMI, RW, BP and leptin, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease, which supports the relationship between obesity, inflammation and atherosclerosis. hsCRP in childhood obesity might be a useful index to predict possible atherosclerotic events.

Topical use of corticosteroids may cause immunosuppression and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We report two cases with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with different clinical outcomes due to abuse of same potent topical steroid clobetasol propionate. One of them died because of fatal disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. The other patient recovered completely. Physicians and parents should be informed about the adverse effects of such potent topical corticosteroids and physicians should prescribe less potent agents, especially during infancy.

Topical use of corticosteroids may cause immunosuppression and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We report two cases with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with different clinical outcomes due to abuse of same potent topical steroid clobetasol propionate. One of them died because of fatal disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. The other patient recovered completely. Physicians and parents should be informed about the adverse effects of such potent topical corticosteroids and physicians should prescribe less potent agents, especially during infancy.

Companies continue their work-lifes among the production, changing and competition phases. Each company that can not continue on producing, can not enter a competition with other companies can face with the danger of disappear. Removing this danger is possible by taking the technological decissions in time. The competition is performed in a very ruthless condition because of highly developing production and management technolohies. In this study, a research about Automotive Sector is made by considering advanced technologies. He factors that prevents the using of advanced technologies, the levels of technology and the competition conditions are considered in the study.

A 45,X karyotype is one of the common chromosomal abnormalities characterized by short stature, lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics, webbed neck and cubitus valgus. This phenotype was described by Turner in 1938 and was called Turner syndrome (TS). About 40-60% of the patients with TS phenotype have a 45,X karyotype, the rest either have a structurally abnormal X or Y chromosome or mosaicism with a second cell line. Determination of Y chromosome derivatives in patients with a 45,X karyotype is important for the management of these patients due to increased risk of gonadoblastoma. Low level mosaicisim of Y chromosome may be missed by cytogenetic methods. The aim of our study is to analyze cryptic Y chromosome derivatives using Y specific sequences in 40 Turkish patients with a pure 45,X karyotype. Fourteen different Y specific sequences along the Y chromosome were selected for the detection of cryptic Y chromosome material by PCR analysis. The present study demonstrated that 2 patients with a 45,X karyotype (5%) have Y specific sequences except sex releated region Y (SRY). One of them had displayed enhanced virilisation whereas other showed no virilisation. In conclusion, it has been found by PCR analysis that 5% of patients with a 45,X karyotype have Y chromosome sequences in the absence of any marker chromosome by cytogenetic analysis. The data also suggest that the patients with a 45,X karyotype should be analyzed for the presence of Y chromosome derivatives by sensitive methods, such as PCR, in order to calculate the future risk of developing gonadoblastoma.

In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used for modeling the effects of machinability on chip removal cutting parameters for face milling of stellite 6 in asymmetric milling processes. Cutting forces with three axes (F(x), F(y) and F(z)) were predicted by changing cutting speed (V(c)), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (a(p)) under dry conditions. Experimental studies were carried out to obtain training and test data and scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) feed-forward back-propagation algorithm was used in the networks. Main parameters for the experiments are the cutting speed (V(c) n/min), feed rate (f, mm/min), depth of cut (ap, mm) and cutting forces (F(x), F(y) and F(z), N). V(c), f and a(p) were used as the input dataset while F(x), F(y) and F(z) were used as the output dataset. Average percentage error (APEs) values for F(x), F(y) and F(z) using the proposed model were obtained around 2 and 10% for training and testing, respectively. These results show that the ANNs can be used for predicting the effects of machinability on chip removal cutting parameters for face milling of stellite 6 in asymmetric milling processes. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pamukkale Univ, Tech Educ Fac, Dept Mech Educ, TR-20070 Kinikli, Turkey. Osmangazi Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, TR-26010 Bati Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Background: Pattern of fat distribution rather than obesity is of importance for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The accurate measurement of total and regional fat mass requires sophisticated and often expensive methods that have limited applicability in the clinical setting. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate body fat distributions by ultrasound ( US) as a gold standard method for measuring visceral, preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat layers and comparing with anthropometric results, and then to find the most reliable anthropometric measurement in childhood obesity. Materials and methods: Study group of 51 obese children ( 21 F, 30 M) ( mean age +/- s.d.: 11.5 +/- 72.6 years) and control group of 33 non-obese children ( 17 F, 16 M) ( mean age +/- s.d.: 12.2 +/- 2.7 years) were recruited for this study. Anthropometric measurements as body mass index ( BMI), waist circumference ( WC), waist/hip ratio ( WHR), triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were taken from all the participants. Abdominal preperitoneal ( P), subcutaneous ( S) fat at their maximum ( max) and minimum ( min) thickness sites, visceral ( V), triceps ( TrUS) and subscapular ( SsUS) fat thicknesses were also measured ultrasonographically. Results: In the obese group, BMI was significantly correlated with US measurements of fat thicknesses, except Pmin and SsUS, whereas in the control group, BMI was significantly correlated with all US fat measurements. The relation of US measurements with skinfold thickness and WC was more significant in the control than in the obese group. No relation between WHR and US fat thickness measurements was found in both groups. Multiple regression analysis, using V as the dependent variable and anthropometric parameters, gender and the group as the independent variables, revealed BMI was the best single predictor of V ( R-2: 0.53). Conclusion: This study suggests that the validity of the anthropometric skinfold thickness in the obese children is low. Despite the limitations reported in the literature, in our study, BMI provides the best estimate of body fat. WHR in children and adolescents is not a good index to show intra-abdominal fat deposition.

Psychogenic polydipsia is an uncommon clinical disorder characterized by excessive water-drinking in the absence of a physiologic stimulus to drink. The excessive water-drinking is well tolerated unless hyponatremia supervenes. The diagnosis of psychogenic polydipsia is one of exclusion and requires specialist investigation and management; the most important test is the water deprivation test, which should be undertaken carefully. Water intoxication has occurred in a case administered desmopressin treatment without water deprivation test. The importance of differential diagnosis in polydipsia is emphasized.

Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in diabetic patients is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has rarely been reported. In the case described, besides temporary hypoglossal and facial nerve palsies previously, unilateral temporary vocal cord palsy caused by right inferior laryngeal nerve (recurrent) paralysis associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus is presented. Hoarseness and vocal cord palsy of the patient, as in the case of her first admission with other complaints due to other cranial nerve palsies, totally remitted, presumably both owing to improved metabolic control.

Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in diabetic patients is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has rarely been reported. In the case described, besides temporary hypoglossal and facial nerve palsies previously, unilateral temporary vocal cord palsy caused by right inferior laryngeal nerve (recurrent) paralysis associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus is presented. Hoarseness and vocal cord palsy of the patient, as in the case of her first admission with other complaints due to other cranial nerve palsies, totally remitted, presumably both owing to improved metabolic control.