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Introduction The purpose of this study was to identify the relation of daily prosthesis usage time (DPUT) of individuals with amputation with quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. Methods The research was carried out on 125 individuals with amputation. Prosthetic-related parameters were searched, as well as demographic data. A generic (Nottingham Health Profile [NHP]) questionnaire and a questionnaire specific to individuals with amputation (Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales [TAPES]) QoL measurements were used. Results Ninety-one males and 28 females with a mean age of 42.4 ± 14.7 years participated in the study. The average DPUT was 11.1 ± 4.4 hrs/d. Study results showed that there was significant correlation between both of the QoL questionnaires (NHP and TAPES) and DPUT. High correlation was determined between DPUT and NHP total score and NHP-Pain, and very high correlation was found between DPUT and NHP-Physical Activity subscale. A moderate negative correlation was found between DPUT and NHP-Energy Level, NHP-Emotional Reaction, NHP-Social Isolation, and NHP-Sleep. A moderate negative correlation was found between DPUT and TAPES-Activity Restriction. A high correlation was found between DPUT and residual limb pain, prosthetic satisfaction, time interval after amputation, and number of prosthetic fittings. A moderate correlation was found between DPUT and walking aids, whereas a poor relationship was shown between phantom pain and DPUT. Conclusions This study showed that "the average DPUT"may be used in terms of short assessment of QoL of individuals with amputation. The outcomes of this study pointed out that especially prosthetic-related parameters affected the QoL in individuals with amputation. In problems resulting from routine assessment and questionnaires having so many items, a single-item question, "the average DPUT,"may be used effectively in a shorter period and is helpful for organizing a rehabilitation program. Clinical Relevance A single-item question, "The average daily prosthesis usage time (DPUT),"be used effectively in a shorter assessment of quality of life of individuals with amputation and is helpful for organizing a rehabilitation program. © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Purpose: In pediatric burns, prolonged treatment processes can be psychosocially challenging for mothers who take the role ofcaregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting family burden in pediatric burn injuries.Methods: Thirty-two (18F/14M) children with burn injuries and their mothers were included in this study. The demographic dataof the children and mothers and the data regarding burn injury were recorded. The burden of the child on family, anxiety levelsof the mothers, hypertrophic scar quality and the range of motion (ROM) at the joints were evaluated with the Family ImpactScale (FIS), State Trait Anxiety Scale, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale and a goniometer, respectively.Results: According to multiple linear regression analysis results, mothers ‘anxiety level, quality of hypertrophic scar, presenceof pressure garment, time since injury, total burn surface area (TBSA), limitation in any of the joint/upper limb joint ROMs andnumber of operations were found to be significant determinants for FIS (p˂0.05).Conclusion: The mother's high anxiety level, poor hypertrophic scar quality, the use of compression garments in the treatment,presence of limitation in the joints and increase in the time since injury, number of surgeries, and the TBSA increase the burdenof the child on family. In burn treatment practices, it is recommended to choose approaches that will reduce the burden of theburn history on the family by evaluating the child and family as a holistic approach., Amaç: Pediatrik yanıklarda, uzayan tedavi süreçleri bakım veren rolünü üstlenen anneler için psikososyal açıdan zorlayıcıolabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı pediatrik yanık yaralanmalarında aile yükünü etkileyen faktörleri araştırmaktı.Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 32 (18K/14E) yanık yaralanması olan çocuk ve anneleri dahil edildi. Çocukların ve annelerin demografikbilgileri ve yanık yaralanmasına ilişkin veriler kaydedildi. Çocuğun aileye olan yükü Aile Etki Ölçeği ile, annelerin kaygı düzeyleriDurumluk Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile, çocukların yaralanma bölgesinde oluşan hipertrofik skar kalitesi Hasta ve Gözlemci SkarDeğerlendirme Ölçeği ile, eklemlerin hareket açıklığı ise gonyometre ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre, annenin kaygı düzeyinin, hipertrofik skarın kalitesinin, bası giysisivarlığının, yaralanma sonrası geçen sürenin, toplam yanık yüzey alanının (TYYA), herhangi bir eklemin/üst ekstremite ekleminineklem hareket açıklığında limitasyon olmasının ve cerrahi sayısının Aile Etki Ölçeği için anlamlı belirleyicileri olduğu bulundu(p˂0,05).Sonuç: Annenin yüksek kaygı düzeyine sahip olması, kötüleşmiş hipertrofik skar kalitesi, tedavide bası giysisi kullanımı,eklemlerde limitasyon varlığı ve yanık sonrası geçen süredeki, cerrahi sayısındaki ve TYYA’ndaki artış çocuğun aileye olanyükünü artırmaktadır. Yanık tedavi uygulamalarında, çocuk ve aile bütüncül değerlendirilerek yanık öyküsünün aileye olanyükünü azaltacak yaklaşımlar seçilmesi önerilir.

BACKGROUND Evaluation of prosthesis and orthosis (P&O) devices and service satisfaction in patients using P&O are important to understand the patient perspective and improve the quality of devices and the services. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to translate the original Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS) satisfaction module into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties in lower limb P&O users. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The Turkish versions of the OPUS-Client Satisfaction with Device (CSD) and Service (CSS) modules were applied to 157 individuals using a lower limb prosthesis or orthosis. The retest of the survey was applied 5-7 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine test-retest reliability, and Cronbach alpha was used to determine internal consistency. Criterion validity was evaluated using the Nottingham Health Profile. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the Turkish version of the OPUS satisfaction module. RESULTS The test-retest correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92 for CSD and 0.91 for CSS) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84 for CSD and 0.95 for CSS) were high. A statistically significant correlation was found between the OPUS CSD and CSS modules and the Nottingham Health Profile (r = -0.325 for CSD module, r = -0.381 for CSS module, P < 0.001). The factor analysis revealed one-factor structure for both modules. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the OPUS satisfaction module, and it provides a useful starting point for future studies on this survey.

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, kalkaneus intra-artiküler kırıklarında cerrahi tedavi yöntemlerinden olan açık redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon ve kapalı redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon yöntemlerini ayak fonksiyonu, ağrı, denge ve yürüyüş özellikleri açısından karşılaştırmaktı. Materyal ve metod: Çalışma kapsamında intra-artiküler kalkaneus kırığı sonrasında cerrahi tedavi yapılan 20 hasta değerlendirildi. Bireyler geçirdikleri cerrahi tipine göre açık redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon (n=9) ve kapalı redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon (n=11) gruplarına ayrıldı. Ayak bileği aktif ve pasif dorsifleksiyon eklem hareket açıklıkları, plantar fleksör ve hamstring kas kısalıkları ölçüldü. Ağrı değerlendirmesinde Görsel Analog Skalası Ayak-Ayak Bileği (VAS-FA) formu kullanıldı. Ayak fonksiyonu, Amerikan Ortopedik Ayak-Ayak Bileği Derneği (AOFAS) Ayak Bileği-Arka Ayak Skalası ile değerlendirildi. Denge değerlendirmesinde postüral salınım, stabilite skor ve sınırları değerlendirilirken, yürüyüşün zaman mesafe karakteristikleri incelendi. Bulgular: Gruplar, demografik ve antropometrik parametreler açısından birbirine benzer özellikler göstermekteydi (p> 0,05). Aktif ve pasif dorsifleksiyon eklem hareket açıklıkları, plantar fleksör ve hamstring kas kısalıkları, VAS-FA ve AOFAS Ayak Bileği-Arka Ayak Skalası parametreleri açısından fark yoktu (p> 0,05). Postüral salınım, stabilite sınırı ve skorları ile yürüyüşün zaman ve mesafe karakteristikleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p> 0,05). Sonuç: Kalkaneus intra-artiküler kırıklarının cerrahi tedavilerinden açık redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon ve kapalı redüksiyon-internal fiksasyon arasında ayak fonksiyonu, ağrı, denge ve yürüyüş parametreleri açısından fark olmaması nedeniyle komplikasyon riski daha az olan kapalı redüksiyonun tercih edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, gıda olarak tüketiminin yanı sıra geleneksel halk hekimliğinde de kullanım alanı bulunan madımaktan (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.) fenolik bileşik ekstraksiyonunun optimizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla madımaktan elde edilen fenolik ekstraktların toplam fenolik madde (TFM), toplam flavonoid (TFL) miktarı ve serbest radikali giderme aktivitesi (DPPH) üzerine metanol/su karışımı konsantrasyonu (%0-100), ekstraksiyon süresi (5-120 dk.) ve sıcaklığın (30-70 °C) etkisi araştırılmıştır. TFM, TFL ve DPPH değerleri için optimum işlem koşulları “desirability” fonksiyonu yaklaşımı ile Design Expert Programı, Box-Behnken tasarımı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. P. cognatum’dan fenolik bileşik ekstraksiyonu elde etmek amacıyla yapılan çalışmada metanol konsantrasyonu %40.15, ekstraksiyon süresi 5.00 dk. ve ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı 70.00 °C optimum koşullar olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum noktalarda elde edilen fenolik ekstraktların TFM, TFL ve DPPH değerleri sırasıyla 45.40 mg GAE/g kuru örnek, 30.36 mg KE/g kuru örnek, 53.40 mg TE/g kuru örnek olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre P. cognatum fenolik bileşik ve antioksidan aktivite açısından zengin bir kaynaktır., In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the “desirability” function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.

Although the gait and balance disturbances of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients were evaluated by using different methods in literature, the impact of the foot and body posture on gait and balance has not been clearly described yet in DMD.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between foot-body posture and gait and balance in patients with DMD.Ambulatory patients with DMD who had 90° range of motion at ankle joint were included in the study. Foot and body posture were evaluated with the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) and the New York Posture Rating (NYPR). The limitation degree at the ankle joint (ALD) was recorded. Gait characteristics and balance were evaluated objectively by using the GAITRite system and the Bertec Balance Check ScreenerA total of 38 ambulatory patients with DMD (age: 92.44 ± 17.91 months) were recruited. Both the right and left foot FPI-6 scores were correlated with GAITRite parameters such as ambulation time, gait speed, number of steps, and left and right stride lengths (p 0.05). A relationship was determined between right foot FPI-6 score and anterior-posterior limits of stability (LoS) obtained by force platform (p 0.05). NYPR score was also correlated with the postural control parameters such as left and right base of support and anterior posterior LoS (p 0.05).The current findings indicate a contribution of foot and body posture to gait and balance disorders of children with DMD.NCT04353167, Date of registration: April 16, 2020.

Purpose: To investigate the parameters affecting upper limb function in the early period in subjects with upper limb burn injury.Material and Methods: This study included a total of 34 (26 F; 8 M) individuals with upper limb burn injury. Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) for upper extremity functions of subjects, Jamar hand dynamometer for grip strength, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale for kinesiophobia level and Visual Analogue Scale for pain level were used. Results: QuickDASH score, kinesiophobia and pain levels were higher while grip strength was lower in individuals with joint involvement of burn injury (p˂0,05). There was no difference between individuals with bilateral and unilateral burn injuries in terms of upper limb function, kinesiophobia, grip strength, and pain parameters (p˃0,05). According to the multiple regression analysis results, the presence of joint involvement of burn injury and pain levels were determined as significant predictors of upper extremity function (p˂0,05).Discussion: It was shown that the presence of a burn injury in a joint in the hand and increased pain level adversely affects upper extremity functions in the early period. In addition to the upper limb functions of individuals with burn injuries in the joint, pain severity, kinesiophobia and grip strength were also negatively affected., Amaç: Üst ekstremite yanık yaralanması olan bireylerde erken dönemde fonksiyonu etkileyen parametreleri araştırmaktı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya üst ekstremite yanık yaralanması olan 34 (26 K; 8 E) birey dahil edildi. Bireylerin üst ekstremite fonksiyonları için kol-omuz-el sorunları anketi (Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH)), kavrama kuvveti için Jamar el dinamometresi , kinezyofobi düzeyi için Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği ve ağrı düzeyi için Görsel Analog Skalası kullanıldı.Sonuçlar: Eklemde yanık yaralanması olan bireylerde QuickDASH skoru, kinezyofobi ve ağrı düzeyi daha yüksek bulunurken, kavrama kuvvetinin daha düşük olduğu bulundu (p˂0,05). Üst ekstremite fonksiyonu, kinezyofobi, kavrama kuvveti ve ağrı parametreleri açısından bilateral ve unilateral yanık yaralanması olan bireyler arasında fark bulunmadı (p˃0,05). Çoklu regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre, eklemde yanık varlığı ve ağrı düzeyinin, üst ekstremite fonksiyonunun anlamlı belirleyicileri olduğu saptandı (p˂0,05).Tartışma: Yanık yaralanmasının özellikle eldeki bir eklemde bulunması ve artmış ağrı düzeyinin erken dönemde üst ekstremite fonksiyonlarını olumsuz etkilediği gösterildi. Eklemde yanık yaralanması olan bireylerin üst ekstremite fonksiyonlarına ek olarak, ağrı şiddetinin, kinezyofobi düzeyinin ve kavrama kuvvetinin de negatif etkilendiği belirlendi.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical activity level of the elderly, physical activity barriers during the COVID-19 restrictions and the effects of the restrictions on well-being Materials and method: An online survey was used that included demographic characteristics, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Physical Activity Barriers Scale for the Elderly and questions about well-being Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the risk factors for physical inactivity Results: Of 131 respondents (mean age, 70 97 +/- 5 87 years), 82 4% stated that they were less physically active due to the restrictions Mean physical activity score was 80 79 +/- 65 18 and the most common physical activity was household activities Inactive elderly had more physical activity barriers (p=0 003) Risk factors for physical inactivity were age, medication, other occupants of the house and house type (Odds ratios were 1 13, 3 3, 3 25, 2 52 and 95% confidence intervals were 1 03-1 23, 1 36-8 05, 1 33-7 93, 1 05-6 06 respectively, p

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of burn injury on spatio-temporal gait parameters and gait symmetry in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN)-related lower extremity burn injury. Methods Demographic information and the physical examinations of the lower extremities of 14 patients with unilateral lower extremity burn injury due to DPN (DPNB) and 14 uninjured patients with DPN (DPN0) were recorded. The GAITRite computerized gait analysis system was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. Symmetry Index (SI) was calculated to determine gait symmetry. The Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the demographical and clinical differences between the groups, the Wilcoxon’s test was used to compare both sides of all the participants for all gait parameters and linear regression analysis was used to find the variables that affect gait parameters. Results The groups were similar in terms of their demographic information except for age. Compared with the DPN0 group, DPNB group had increased extent of area with sensory loss and severity of DPN, decreased ankle joint range of motions and intrinsic foot muscles strength and they displayed lower gait speed, step length, stride length and swing percentage but their double support and stance percentage were increased. Conclusion This study results have shown that, spatio-temporal gait parameters of DPNB patients are different. These differences in spatiotemporal parameters are found on both sides, probably owing to the symmetric and bilateral sensory loss is superior to unilateral burn injury due to symmetrical and bilateral sensory loss. Gait analysis should be considered in order to reveal the changes in gait parameters and to improve appropriate healing process of patients with DPN-related lower extremity burn injury.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore an individualized sonographic muscle thickness ratio and its cutoff values in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. DESIGN A total of 326 community-dwelling adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Total skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and nine-site muscle thickness measurements using ultrasound. Isometric handgrip and knee extension strengths were assessed. Physical performance was evaluated by usual Gait Speed, Chair Stand Test, and Timed Up and Go Test. RESULTS Because the anterior thigh muscle thickness was the most significantly decreasing measurement with aging and the most significantly related value with body mass and height; sonographic thigh adjustment ratio was calculated by dividing it with body mass index. Using the two standard deviation values of our healthy young adults, sonographic thigh adjustment ratio cutoff values were found as 1.4 and 1.0 for male and female subjects, respectively. Sonographic thigh adjustment ratio values were negatively correlated with Chair Stand Test and Timed Up and Go Test in both sexes (all P < 0.05) and positively correlated with gait speed in female subjects and knee extension strength in male subjects (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that regional (rather than total) muscle mass measurements should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Zeytin ağacı yetiştiriciliği ve zeytin işleme endüstrisinin yan ürünlerinden biri olan zeytin yaprağı yüzyıllar boyunca geleneksel halk hekimliğinde kullanılmıştır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise zeytin yaprağının birçok biyoaktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiş ve bu etkiler içeriğinde bulunan yüksek fenolik bileşik miktarı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Zeytin yaprağında bulunan en baskın fenolik bileşik elenolik asit ve 3,4-dihidroksifeniletanolün heterozidik esteri olan oleuropeindir. Bundan dolayı, zeytin yaprağından katma değeri yüksek bileşiklerin ekstrakte edilmesine yönelik bazı çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen ham fenolik ekstrakt ve oleuropeinin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca sentetik gıda koruyucularının yan etkisi ve toksisitesine karşı şüphelerin artmasından dolayı zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı ve oleuropeinin gıda sanayiinde kullanım olanaklarının arttırılmasına yönelik bazı çalışmalarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, zeytin yaprağı fenolik bileşikleri ve zeytin yaprağından fenolik bileşik ekstraksiyonu, zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı ve oleuropeinin antioksidan kapasitesi, antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ile gıdalarda kullanım olanaklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Concurrent cognitive and motor tasks in ataxic individuals cause functional limitations and negatively affect the independence of patients in daily life.This study aimed to examine the effects of dual task on postural control and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in ataxic individuals.The study included 20 individuals with ataxia. Disease severity was evaluated using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale. A force platform was used to evaluate postural sway and limits of stability and a GAITRite electronic walkway to evaluate the spatiotemporal parameters of gait. Postural control and gait were evaluated without a simultaneous task (task-1) and with dual tasks consisting of counting the names starting with "a selected letter such as A" (task-2), counting backwards aloud in threes from 100 (task-3), carrying a glass of water with a tray (task-4), and speaking on a mobile phone (task-5). The effects of dual task on postural control and gait parameters were examined with multiple comparisons.The tasks requiring cognitive skills (tasks 2, 3, 5) were determined to have a greater effect on the increase of body sway, and gait was seen to be affected by motor and/or cognitive tasks (tasks 2, 4, 5).From the results of the present study, it is thought that evaluations of postural control and gait performance of ataxic individuals together with the dual tasks they may encounter in daily life are important in terms of their independence in activities of daily living.

To identify clinical predictors of pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in burn injury patients, and to compare these parameters with healthy subjects.The study included 47 burn injury patients aged 20-49 years, and 47 age and gender-matched healthy subjects. The patients were evaluated on the day of discharge from hospital. Pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength were assessed with a spirometer (Cosmed Pony FX). Hand grip and pain were evaluated with a Jamar dynamometer and visual analog scale, respectively. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) was performed to determine the functional exercise capacity of the participants.With the exception of FEVBurn injury and the demographic characteristics of the patients are important determinants of clinical parameters. These results are clinically important as they can be of guidance in creating a personalized rehabilitation program.NCT03780218.Implications for rehabilitationBurn patients have impaired pulmonary functions and exercise capacity at discharge. Assessment of respiratory muscle strength should be added into clinical practice in adults with burn injury.Lung functions and exercise capacity should be evaluated in burn patients at discharge.It is important to monitor lung functions of burn patients after discharge.

Background: Evaluation of physical activity by condition-specific surveys provides more accurate results than generic physical activity questionnaires. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) in Turkish pregnant women. Methods: In the translation and cultural adaptation of the KPAS, the 6-phase guidelines recommended in the literature were followed. The study included a total of 151 pregnant women who were assessed using the Turkish version of KPAS, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the SenseWear Pro3 Armband. To determine the test–retest reliability, the KPAS was reapplied after 7 days. The psychometric properties of KPAS were analyzed with respect to internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Results: Cronbach α coefficient indicating the internal consistency of the Turkish KPAS was found to be .60 to .80, showing moderate reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was very strong (intraclass correlation coefficient: .96–.98). The total KPAS scores were found to be moderately correlated with the total Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire score and the total energy expenditure value on the SenseWear Pro3 Armband. Conclusions: This study showed that KPAS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity in Turkish pregnant women in different aspects.

Background sufficient research has not been conducted to determine the role of core and lower limb muscles in providing balance in older people. Objective to investigate the relationships between the thickness of core/lower limb muscles and static/dynamic balance in older people. Methods the study included a total of 68 older people (≥ 65 years) and 68 gender-matched young subjects, aged 20–40 years. Balance, knee proprioception sense, regional and total muscle measurements and grip strength were assessed using a force platform system, isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasound imaging, bioelectrical impedance analysis and Jamar dynamometer, respectively. Results all the static (postural sway) parameters were higher and all the dynamic (limits of stability) parameters were lower in the older adults compared to the young adults (all P Conclusions the thickness of core/lower limb muscles are important determinants of balance in both older and young adults. These findings could provide a strong rationale for strengthening specific (abdominal and quadriceps) muscles to prevent falls and regional sarcopenia, and to improve posture/balance in the older population. Clinical trial registration number NCT03791047 Ethics committee approval Hacettepe University Non-interventional Clinical Research Ethics Board. Decision number:GO 18/506-39

Adaptation to prosthesis is important for occupation, quality of life, and participation in social life, so it needs to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Forgotten Joint Score–12 (FJS-12) in lower limb amputees. The FJS-12 was applied to 80 amputees. Criterion-referenced validity was assessed using the activity restriction subparameter of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale (TAPES). The internal consistency of the FJS-12 was high (Cronbach’s α = .943). A statistically significant very good negative correlation was determined between the FJS-12 and the activity restriction subparameter of TAPES ( r = −.641; p < .001). The results of this study showed that FJS-12 is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess the adaptation to prosthesis in amputees. Evaluation of prosthesis awareness in daily living activities of amputees is important in terms of establishing occupational therapy and rehabilitation programs.

Background The shoulder joint is immobilized in various positions after injury or reconstructive operative intervention. It is not clear how these immobilization positions in the shoulder joint affect gait. Research question Does the immobilized shoulder joint in different positions following shoulder surgery or injury affect gait? Methods A total of 38 healthy individuals with a mean age of 25.94 years and BMI of 25.66 kg/m2, underwent gait analysis in 4 different immobilized positions and normal gait. Gait parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and to determine symmetry, the bilateral spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated using the Symmetry Index. Repeated-measures one way analysis of variance was used to compare the walking parameters in different positions. Results Velocity, step length and stride length were significantly decreased, and step width and single support time were increased in some immobilized positions (p Significance This cross-sectional simulation study may be important in demonstrating the clinical changes of gait in injuries, pathologies, and postoperative rehabilitation that require the immobilization of the shoulder joint. It could be recommended that arm swing is included in gait rehabilitation, gait and balance training can be provided to patients after shoulder immobilization.

Introduction Gait impairment is commonly seen in patients with a lower limb burn injury (LLBI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different gait training modes on gait symmetry, functional mobility and kinesiophobia in patients with LLBI. Methods This matched control study was conducted between January 2017 and August 2018. Patients with LLBI (n = 28) were allocated to 2 different groups by matching according to burn localization, age, and gender. Group 1 (overground group: n = 14) received overground gait training in addition to standard burn rehabilitation, and Group 2 (treadmill group: n = 14) received treadmill gait training in addition to standard burn rehabilitation. The rehabilitation program and gait training were started when the patient was admitted to the hospital and ended on discharge. These physical therapy interventions were performed 5 days per week. The gait training intensity, including walking speed and duration, was determined according to patient tolerance. Gait parameters, functional mobility, kinesiophobia and pain values were evaluated with GAITRite, the timed up-and-go test (TUG), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Visual Analogue Scale, respectively. These evaluations were made twice; on admission and immediately prior to discharge. Gait symmetry was calculated using the Symmetry Index. Results The baseline characteristics of the groups and initial outcome values were similar. In the comparison of the differences between the overground and treadmill groups, the change in kinesiophobia and TUG values were significantly higher in the treadmill group (p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The intragroup comparisons showed significant differences in SI in respect of step length (p = 0.004), swing (p = 0.006), stance (p = 0.008) and velocity (p = 0.001), cadence (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.001), kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) and pain (p = 0.001) in the overground group. Statistically significant differences were determined in step length (p = 0.01), swing (p = 0.01), stance (p = 0.02) and velocity (p = 0.001), cadence (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.001), kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) and pain (p = 0.001) in the treadmill group, when pre and post-training values were compared. Conclusions The results of this study have shown that treadmill gait training was more effective in the improvement of functional mobility and reduction in kinesiophobia levels of patients with LLBI compared to overground gait training. Both overground and treadmill gait training also provide greater improvements in the velocity and cadence, and gait symmetry for step length, swing and stance in patients with LLBI. Clinical trial registration number NCT03217526.

The aim of the study was to explore an individualized sonographic muscle thickness ratio and its cutoff values in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.A total of 326 community-dwelling adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Total skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and nine-site muscle thickness measurements using ultrasound. Isometric handgrip and knee extension strengths were assessed. Physical performance was evaluated by usual Gait Speed, Chair Stand Test, and Timed Up and Go Test.Because the anterior thigh muscle thickness was the most significantly decreasing measurement with aging and the most significantly related value with body mass and height; sonographic thigh adjustment ratio was calculated by dividing it with body mass index. Using the two standard deviation values of our healthy young adults, sonographic thigh adjustment ratio cutoff values were found as 1.4 and 1.0 for male and female subjects, respectively. Sonographic thigh adjustment ratio values were negatively correlated with Chair Stand Test and Timed Up and Go Test in both sexes (all P0.05) and positively correlated with gait speed in female subjects and knee extension strength in male subjects (both P0.05).Our results imply that regional (rather than total) muscle mass measurements should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Introduction Severe complications which may cause impaired physical functions of the lower limb can often develop in the long term following a burn injury which includes the lower extremity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical determinants of lower limb functional status, functional mobility and exercise capacity in moderate/major burns at 3 - 6 months following the injury. Methods The study included 42 burn patients, comprising 12 with moderate injury and 30 with major injury, aged 19-59 years old. The Lower Limb Functional Index was used to determine the lower limb functional status. Functional mobility and exercise capacity were evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test and the 6-minute walk test, respectively. Scar quality and kinesiophobia were assessed with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. The active range of motion (ROM) was measured with a universal goniometer. Results Significant and independent predictors of lower limb functional status, functional mobility and exercise capacity were determined to be the POSAS, kinesiophobia level, gender, burn injury severity, the number of operations and the presence of burn injury in any of the lower limb joints, knee ROM limitations, comorbidities, and trunk burn injury (p Conclusions Burn injury characteristics and clinical evaluations of patients are important determinants of the lower limb functional status, mobility and exercise capacity in burn patients. These predictors should be considered to improve physical functions related to the lower limb when creating a personalized rehabilitation program.

WOS: 000496927900021, PubMed: 31683183, Background: Little is known about whether a simulated upper limb condition reflects a real (burn-injury) upper limb pathology in terms of gait/footprint parameters. Research question: The main aim of this study was to investigate the differences in these parameters between two conditions (real-simulation). Methods: The study included burn patients (n = 30) and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. Gait and footprint parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Kinesiophobia and pain were assessed with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Visual Analog Scale, respectively. Gait evaluation of the control group was performed randomly in two conditions:1. Normal arm swing (control group) 2. Elbow flexed at 90 degrees with a bandage (simulated group). Results: Step and stride length in the burn group were significantly shorter than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Stance phase was significantly higher while swing phase, velocity and cadence were lower in the burn group (p < 0.05). Peak time in the midfoot for both sides were significantly higher in the burn group (p < 0.05). Peak time in the hindfoot for the affected side was significantly lower while peak time in the hindfoot for the intact side was significantly higher in the burn group compared to the simulated group (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between pain, kinesiophobia and velocity, and cadence in the burn group (p < 0.05). Significance: Compared to the other groups, patients with burn injury have different gait/footprint parameters due to increased pain and kinesiophobia. To determine the effects of upper limb injury and arm swing on gait parameters, a real pathology should be considered rather than a simulated pathology.

THE EFFECT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION ON PAIN, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND FUNCTIONALITY IN UPPER EXTREMITY BURNS Mine Seyyah , Semra Topuz2 ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect on pain, kinesiophobia, and functionality of physiotherapy programs applied to upper extremity burn injuries. METHODS: A record was made of age, gender, burn type, burn percentage, burn localization and burn depth of individuals with upper extremity burns. A total of 30 sessions of physiotherapy and rehabilitation program were applied to the patients five days a week for six weeks. Before the physiotherapy and rehabilitation program and after 6 weeks of treatment, pain intensity was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), kinesiophobia with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, and upper extremity functions using the QuickDASH (Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand). RESULTS: Evaluation was made of a total of 16 patients, comprising 2 females (12.5%) and 14 males (87.5%) with a mean age of 38.44±7.62 years. The most common type of burn was flame burn (75%), and the mean total burn surface area was 12.94±9.81%. A statistically significant difference was observed in pain, kinesiophobia, and upper extremity functions when the values before and after treatment were compared (p [Hand Microsurg 2021; 10(3.000): 233-240]

Background/aim The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish translation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) in a disabled Turkish population. Materials and methods Following the translation protocol of the PASIPD, the Turkish version of the PASIPD, Short Form-36, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to 198 developmentally and physically disabled individuals. Results The Turkish version of the PASIPD was found to be reliable. The domains of the Turkish version of the PASIPD were also found to be valid. Four factors were obtained from the questionnaire. The ICC was 1.0 since all the respondents reported the same answers in the test and retest. The Cronbach α for the PASIPD was 0.60. Conclusion The Turkish version of the PASIPD survey is valid and reliable for developmentally and physically disabled Turkish individuals and professionals can use it to assess physical activity level.

Purpose: Gait variability is a determinant of qualified locomotion and is useful for monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to compare gait variability and symmetry in trained individuals with transtibial (TT) amputation and transfemoral (TF) amputation. Methods: The design of this study was planned as observational. Eleven individuals with TF amputation, 14 individuals with TT amputation, and 14 healthy individuals (HI) were evaluated with a motorized treadmill. The mean step length, the step length variability, an ambulation index, and the time on each foot (stance phase symmetry) of participants were recorded. Results: There were differences between the three groups in the residual/non-preferred limb (RNp) step length ( p = 0.031), the intact/preferred (IP) limb step length variability ( p = 0.001), the RNp step length variability ( p < 0.001), the time on each foot ( p < 0.001), and the ambulation index score ( p < 0.001). There was a similarity between the groups (TF, TT, HI) in IP limb step lengths ( p = 0.127) and duration of prosthesis usage since amputation in individuals with lower limb loss ( p = 0.224). Conclusions: This study provided basic data about gait variability and symmetry in individuals with traumatic lower limb loss. The results of the study showed that the variability of gait increased with the level of loss, and individuals with TT amputation showed partially equivalent performance with the healthy group. Similarities in gait characteristics may have resulted from effective prosthetic usage or effective gait rehabilitation.

Background/aim The aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish translation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) in a disabled Turkish population. Materials and methods Following the translation protocol of the PASIPD, the Turkish version of the PASIPD, Short Form-36, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to 198 developmentally and physically disabled individuals. Results The Turkish version of the PASIPD was found to be reliable. The domains of the Turkish version of the PASIPD were also found to be valid. Four factors were obtained from the questionnaire. The ICC was 1.0 since all the respondents reported the same answers in the test and retest. The Cronbach α for the PASIPD was 0.60. Conclusion The Turkish version of the PASIPD survey is valid and reliable for developmentally and physically disabled Turkish individuals and professionals can use it to assess physical activity level.

Background Gait is an autonomic process consisting of coordinated movements of the upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk and pelvis. However, researches regarding effects of upper extremity problems on gait parameters are limited. Research question The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm swing on spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in individuals with unilateral transhumeral amputations. Methods A total of 25 unilateral transhumeral amputees and 25 healthy subjects were included. Information on the demographic features of individuals, amputations, and prosthetic devices were recorded. Spatiotemporal characteristics of gait were obtained using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and the arm swing was evaluated with the two video-cameras and analyzed using the Dartfish Pro Suite 7 software. Results The groups were similar regarding their age, height and weight. Mean duration from the amputation was 14.91 ± 10.90 years, and the mean weight of the prostheses was 1.44 ± 0.39 kg. Amputees had a less ambulatory arm swing on their amputated sides compared to their intact arms and healthy individuals. When the amputee group was compared to the healthy individuals, their step and stride lengths were shorter and their foot progression angle was higher, their gait velocity and cadence were lower than the healthy group. Significance The reduction of arm swing on the amputated side in unilateral transhumeral amputees is thought to be due to (1) use of the contralateral side in functional activities, (2) restriction of shoulder joint movement of socket boundaries and (3) fixed mechanical elbow joint. It has been thought that a decrease in the arm swing during walking may lead to a decrease in step length, stride length, and gait velocity.

Background Repeated exposure to a given perturbation of the postural control system has been shown to cause learning of more efficient postural strategies for maintaining balance both within a session and over time. It is important to show whether outcomes from treatment strategies are related to the effectiveness of training or are the result of the learning of the test process. Objective To investigate the learning effect of the dynamic postural stability evaluation system. Methods We studied 20 healthy young subjects (13 females and 7 males), with a mean age of 22.3 ± 1.9 years. Limits of stability and postural sway were assessed. All participants completed the standardized dynamic postural stability evaluation test (Bertec, Bertec Corporation, Columbus, OH, USA) seven times. The test was performed in both eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Results There were differences in the limits of stability scores for backward (p= 0.042), left side (p= 0.05), and the total score (p= 0.04). There were significant differences in postural sway anteroposterior direction in perturbed surface with eyes closed condition (p= 0.004) and total limits of stability scores of perturbed surface with eyes closed condition (p= 0.046). Conclusions The study showed that balance test scores stabilized at different sessions from 1st to 3rd assessment period. Maximum normalized scores were reached at the third trial.

Bu çalışmada, formülasyonda kullanılacak suyun %20 ve %30’u düzeyinde ekşi ve tatlı nar çeşitlerinden iki farklı yöntemle elde edilen taze sıkılmış nar suları kullanılmak suretiyle lokum üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Üretilen nar suyu ilaveli lokumlarda suda çözünür kuru madde, pH, toplam asitlik, toplam fenolik madde, toplam antosiyanin, renk, sertlik değeri, su aktivitesi analizleri yapılmış ve örnekler duyusal olarak değerlendirilmişlerdir. Nar suyu ilaveli lokum örneklerinin suda çözünür kuru madde değerleri 71,25-81,90 °Briks, pH değerleri 3,50-4,78, sertlik değerleri 0,75- 1,64N, toplam asitlik değerleri 0,042-0,240 g/100g, L * değeri; 27,43-43,94, a * değeri; (-0,66)- (+14,45), b * değeri ise; (-1,67)-(+4,08), toplam fenolik madde miktarı 201,33-760,33 mg GAE/kg, antosiyanin miktarı 23,37-42,15 mg siyanidin 3-glikozid/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirmede birçok özellik bakımından en yüksek ortalama puanı hidrolik pres ile elde edilen tatlı nar suyu (300 ml) ilaveli lokum örneği almıştır. Lokum formülasyonundaki suyun nar suyu ile ikamesiyle fonksiyonel bileşenler bakımından zengin ve tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilen ürünlerin üretilebileceği görülmektedir. In this study, it is aimed to produce Turkish delight by using fresh squeezed pomegranate juice obtained from two different sour and sweet pomegranate varieties in 20% and 30% of the water to be used in the formulation. Water soluble dry matter, pH, total acidity, total phenolic substance, total anthocyanin, colour, hardness value, water activity of Turkish delight added pomegranate juice were analysed and the samples were sensory evaluated. Soluble solids dry matter values of Turkish delight were; 71.25-81.90 °Brix; pH values; 3.50-4.78, hardness values; 0.75-1.64 N, total acidity values; 0.042- 0.240g/100g, L values; 27.43-43.94, a * values; (-0.66)-(+14.45) and b * values; (-1.67)- (+4.08), the amount of the total phenolic matter; 201.33-760.33 mg GAE/kg, the amount of total anthocyanin; 10.01-42.15 mg Cy-3Gluc/kg determined, respectively. When the results of the sensory evaluation were examined, the highest average score in terms of many features was obtained with a sweet pomegranate juice (300 ml) obtained with hydraulic press. It can be concluded that the products rich in functional components and preferred by consumers can be produced.

The aim of this study is to determine the differences between falling and mobility among elderly people in different settings. This investigation included 41 elderly people living in a retirement village and 45 elderly people in community dwellings. Subjects were assessed in terms of mobility and activities of daily living, falling, and fear of falling. There were significant differences between groups in terms of age, mobility, and activities of daily living (P .05). This study shows that along with several factors, such as mobility, the life style of elderly people, which is shaped by their living conditions, has an impact on falling. Language: en

In Turkey there is no amputee-specific instrument to measure health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees.To evaluate the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES).Outcome study to determine test-retest reliability and construct validity of the adapted Turkish version of the TAPES.After translation/retranslation of the TAPES, the Turkish version of the TAPES was applied to 47 amputees. A quality of life evaluation (Nottingham Health Profile), a satisfaction evaluation (Satisfaction with Prosthesis), and a functional assessment tool (Amputee Mobility Predictor) were also performed and analysed.On the basis of retesting, the Turkish version of the TAPES was observed to be reliable. The first domain of the Turkish version, which includes psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction and satisfaction with the prosthesis, was found to be valid. However, the validity of the second domain could not be analysed.The Turkish version of the multidimensional TAPES survey is valid and reliable in Turkish unilateral lower limb amputees and may be used in clinical situations to assess the needs of amputees.The Turkish version of the TAPES quality-of-life measurement tool for amputees is a valid instrument for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation and clinical applications.