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Myrtus communis has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticholinesterase activities yet there have been limited studies examining effects of Myrtus communis on cognitive functions. This study investigated the possible effects of Myrtus communis on changes in the cognitive functions of experimental renovascular hypertensive rats. Fifty-six Wistar-Albino rats were equally divided into 4 groups; sham-operated control, renovascular hypertension (RVH), ramipril (RVH + Ram) and Myrtus communis extract (RVH + MC) treatment groups. Goldblatt's 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce RVH. At the end of 9 weeks of treatment, after blood pressure recording, the animals underwent new object recognition test and Morris water maze (MWM) task. Following these tests, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity was examined in 6 animals from each group. In the others after decapitation, osteopontin and interleukin (IL)-10 levels were measured in blood samples; while matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase), cluster of differentiation (CD) 36, amyloid beta (Ab), neprilysin levels, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were investigated in hippocampal tissues. In RVH group, high systolic blood pressure decreased serum IL-10 levels, increased serum osteopontin levels and also impaired BBB permeability. Hippocampal MMP-13, CD36, Ab, neprilysin levels and AChE activities were elevated, while there were decreases in Na+,K+-ATPase levels. In new objet recognition test, discrimination index (DI) was determined as lower in saline-treated RVH group compared to control animals. In MWM training trail, 4th day performance in finding platform was significantly reduced in saline-treated RVH group compared to control group. RVH also decreased the time spent in target quadrant in probe test of MWM task compared to control group. In both of the treatment groups, all biochemical parameters were restored in parallel with improvement in the behavioral test performances. The results of this study suggest that Myrtus communis extract may improve the cognitive dysfunctions in hypertension through antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be observed after a traumatic event. The effect of an antidepressant vortioxetine (Vrx) against PTSD is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of Vrx in the predator scent-induced PTSD rat model. The rats were exposed to dirty cat litter for 10 min and the protocol was repeated 1 week later with clean cat litter as a trauma reminder. The rats received Vrx (10 mg/kg/p.o.) or saline (1 ml/kg/p.o.) during 7 days between two exposure sessions. Novel object recognition test, hole board test, and elevated plus maze were performed. The b-cell lymphoma (bcl-2)/bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) ratio, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), caspase-3 and -9 expressions were detected using Western blotting in the amygdaloid complex, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Our results indicate that increased freezing time and anxiety index in the stress-induced group is decreased with Vrx application. Vrx treatment improved deteriorated recognition memory in the stress-induced group. Decreased bcl-2/bax ratio and BDNF level and increased caspase-3 and -9 expressions in the stress group, improved with Vrx in the amygdala, and hippocampus. Decreased bcl-2/bax ratio and increased casp-3 and -9 expressions in the stress group are ameliorated with Vrx in frontal cortex. The level of BDNF was increased with Vrx in the frontal cortex. Increased damage scores in the amygdaloid complex, hippocampal CA3, and frontal cortex in the stress group ameliorated with Vrx treatment. Our results show that if vortioxetine is administered immediately after trauma, it reduces anxiety, cognitive and neuronal impairment and may be protective against the development of PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Billions of data in social media have provided a very influential platform for researchers to make research on data analysis. In the digital age, it has become essential for conducting an analysis of written things in social media in which the individuals express easily themselves without any pressure and for studying big data. It has been known that there are shared subjects on the education like almost every subject on the Twitter platform. Accordingly, it is often shared about many issues relating to education. The purpose of the present study is to analyze shared ideas on the ‘teaching’ profession through this program, which has become popular recently. It was observed that the shared tweets were often related to the current problems about education and Twitter was used as a platform by the individuals to explain their problems. It was a considerable finding that most of the tweets focused on contracted teaching, the positions of appointment, public personnel selection exam and the system of exams, issues about assignation, paid to teach and interview issues that there are a great number of reaction tweets against negative evaluation about vacations of teacher and particularly, against the situations just like damaging the sanctity the teaching profession and these tweets take place in the category the most retweeted. With this research, it is suggested to make analyses on social media platforms with other data mining techniques on the same subject or different subjects, to analyze the shares of institutions and to examine the sharing of the Ministry of National Education

INTRODUCTION: Torsion of the ovary is a surgical emergency. Future fertility is an important question for choosing the most appropriate treatment strategy as radical or conservative. Conservative treatment includes detorsion of the twisted ovary and after detorsion, the ischemic injury in ovary increases with reperfusion. During the detorsion process, abundant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS causes cellular injury by attacking cellular membranes through the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and causing cellular death. Letrozole is a nonsteroid aromatase inhibitor that blocks estrogen production in all tissues, increases gonadotropin secretion and induces follicular development. METHODS: In this study, rats are divided into 5 groups including 8 rats in each group; control group, ischemia group, ischemia and letrozole group, ischemia-reperfusion group, ischemia-reperfusion and letrozole group. For each group Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured, degree of ischemia and number of follicles were recorded by histopathological examination. Endometrial thicknesses were also measured. RESULTS: In the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion groups, MDA levels and grade of ischemia were significantly decreased with letrozole. Ovarian follicle numbers were higher and endometrial thickness was lower in the letrozole used groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Letrozole can be protective on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury and this effect will be related to hypoestrogenic environment by inhibition of aromatase activity, antiinflammatory effects and increased blood flow to the ovary by letrozole.

Bladder injury is a rare complication of transobturator tape surgery. Herein, we present a female case in whom intravesical mesh was excised using transurethral endoscopic scissors, and another floating mesh material with calculi formation was seen in bladder and excised with endoscopic forceps 2 months later.

In this paper, a new method to analyze arbitrary shaped microstrip patch antennas is introduced. This method uses the multiport network model (MNM) together with a mathematical approximation called the "Padé approximation" such that the antenna input impedance obtained from the multiport analysis is approximated as a rational function of polynomials. Then, the roots of the denominator of this rational function are used to determine the antenna resonant characteristics. This new method is more time efficient than the standard multiport analysis because the evaluations are made at a single frequency. In the standard method, evaluations are made at multiple frequency values throughout the analysis. Results obtained by the new method are verified using the examples of rectangular and slot loaded compact microstrip patch antennas. Computational efforts for both procedures are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was planned to investigate falls, their frequency, reasons, and consequences in the older patient with lower limb amputations. Methods: Twenty-five patients with lower limb amputations were included in the study. A questionnaire for falling was applied. Functional levels of these patients were determined according to the Medicare Functional Level System. Results: The falling questionnaire revealed that except for 5 patients with amputations, the subjects had experienced an incident of falling once or more than once. The common reasons for falls turned out to be losing balance, stumbling on the prosthesis, and colliding with someone. Conclusions: It was concluded that performing comprehensive evaluations in which falling histories were assessed before planning rehabilitation programs enriched the rehabilitation programs by suggesting different types of activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS) is a self assessed questionnaire with 20 items created to measure body image perception of amputees. The questions assess how an individual perceives and feels about his or her body experience. But no Turkish version is available. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the ABIS for use with Turkish speaking lower limb amputees and to determine reliability. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 transtibial amputees. The mean age of the participants was 43.14, SD: 14.66. The ABIS has been filled by the patients for two times. Results: Internal consistency of the ABIS was very high (Cronbach alpha 0.834 for test and 0.842 for retest). The test-retest reliability was excellent for the ABIS (ICC = 0.939, 95% CI 0.895-0.965). Conclusions: The Turkish version of the ABIS is a reliable instrument to assess body image in lower limb amputees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study was designed for the period 1982-2002 to collect the basic data on the demography, level and side of the amputation, involved limbs, age, gender, and prosthetic functional level in children with limb loss. A total of 232 children were assessed through their prosthetic records. Seventy-two percent (195 children) presented lower-limb involvement, and 28% (77 children) had upper-limb loss. The age of the children varied between 1 and 15 years with a mean age of 9.90 +/- 2.32 years. Results of the study revealed that the leading amputation cause in children was congenital limb absence. The most frequent levels were determined as trans-tibial and trans-radial in lower and upper limbs, respectively. Findings showed that more boys (60%) were affected, and 84% of all amputations were found to be unilateral. It was also seen that right-side amputations (54%) were more common than left-side amputations (46%). The outcome of the study showed that 96% of children with lower-limb loss reached a functional gait pattern without any aids, while the percentage of independence in activities of daily living was found to be 88% in upper-limb loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study whether the increasing doses of omeprazole, lansoprazole and famotidine afford protection against ethanol-induced gastric damage and to compare their antioxidant effect with that of melatonin. Material and Methods: Mucosal damage was evaluated by macroscopic examination and by the measurement of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Results: Ethanol administration-induced significant gastric damage, increased gastric acidity, and LPO and MPO activities, while tissue GSH levels decreased. The antiulcer drugs decreased the gastric acidity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas melatonin had no effect on this parameter. Biochemical parameters of oxidative damage, namely gastric LPO and GSH levels and MPO activities were reversed by both the antiulcer drugs and melatonin in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, parallel to increased acidity, reactive oxygen species have an important role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric damage, and that melatonin, famotidine, lansoprazole and omeprazole are protective by their antioxidant property. However, according to our findings, inhibition of acid secretion is as important as the inhibition of oxidative damage in affording protection against ethanol-induced damage, and in this aspect melatonin seemed to be less efficient than the antiulcer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]