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Educational technologies develop quickly. Which functions of face-to-face education can be substituted by technology for distance learning? One of the risks of online education is the lack of embod...

Virtual reality ( VR ) displays have factors such as vergence-accommodation conflicts that negatively impact depth perception and cause users to misjudge distances to select objects. In addition, popular large-screen immersive displays present the depth of any target rendered through screen parallax information of points, which are encapsulated within stereoscopic voxels that are a distinct unit of space dictating how far an object is placed in front of or behind the screen. As they emanate from the viewers’ eyes (left and right center of projection), the density of voxels is higher in front of the screen (in regions of negative screen parallax) than it is behind the screen (in regions of positive screen parallax), implying a higher spatial resolution of depth in front of the screen than behind the screen. Our experiment implements a near-field fine-motor pick-and-place task in which users pick up a ring and place it around a targeted peg. The targets are arranged in a linear configuration of 3, 5, and 7 pegs along the front-and-back axis with the center peg placed in the same depth as the screen. We use this to evaluate how users manipulate objects in positive versus negative screen parallax space by the metrics of efficiency, accuracy, and economy of movement. In addition, we evaluate how users’ performance is moderated by haptic feedback and mismatch between visual and proprioceptive information. Our results reveal that users perform more efficiently in negative screen parallax space and that haptic feedback and visuo-proprioceptive mismatch have effects on placement efficiency. The implications of these findings are described in the later sections of the article.

Objectives:The oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has become the standard for the brief screening of cognitive impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). It has been shown to be sensitive to sensory-motor factors involving rudimentary oral motor speed and visual acuity, as well as multiple sclerosis (MS) affective-fatigue factors including depression, fatigue, and anxiety. The present study was designed to provide a greater understanding of these noncognitive factors that might contribute to the oral SDMT by examining all these variables in the same sample.Methods:We examined 50 PwMS and 49 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were administered the oral SDMT, two sensory-motor tasks (visual acuity and oral motor speed), and three affective-fatigue measures (depression, fatigue, and anxiety).Results:Partially consistent with hypotheses, we found that sensory-motor skills, but not affective-fatigue factors, accounted for some of the group differences between the MS and HC groups on the oral SDMT, reducing the MS/HC group variance predicted from 10% to 4%. Also, PwMS with below average sensory-motor abilities had oral SDMT scores that were lower than PwMS with intact sensory-motor skills (p p = .006).Conclusions:When the oral SDMT is used as the sole screening tool for cognitive impairment in MS, clinicians should know that limitations in visual acuity and rudimentary oral motor speed should be considered as possibly being associated with performance on it in MS.

BACKGROUND: Several neurological complications occurred in SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), mainly related to inflammatory and vascular disorders. The involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has been mostly reported as Guillain-Barré Syndrome, while focal peripheral neuropathies have been rarely described. CASE REPORT: We report the cases of ten patients hospitalized in Rehabilitation Units after COVID-19, who presented severe focal motor involvement. Electrophysiological investigations revealed focal sensory-motor neuropathies, atypical for many aspects: bilaterality, location and contemporary involvement of different nervous districts. We speculate that their pathogenesis is possibly related to prolonged abnormal postures maintained during hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit, virus neurotropism and thrombotic vascular damage involving vasa nervorum. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Motor neuropathies could induce severe disability and their early recognition in post COVID-19 patients is of primary importance for a specific rehabilitation treatment.

The classification accuracy has become a significant challenge and an important task in sensory motor imagery (SMI) electroencephalogram (EEG) based Brain Computer interface (BCI) system. This paper compares ensemble classification framework with individual classifiers. The main objective is to reduce the inference of non-stationary and transient information and improves the classification decision in BCI system. The framework comprises the three phases as follows: (1) the EEG signal first decomposes into triadic frequency bands: low pass band, band pass filter and high pass filter to localize α, β and high γ frequency bands within the EEG signals, (2) Then, Common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm has been applied on the extracted frequencies in phase I to heave out the important features of EEG signal, (3) Further, an existing Dynamic Weighted Majiority (DWM) ensemble classification algorithm has been implemented using features extracted in phase II, for final class label decision. J48, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers used as base classifiers for making a diverse ensemble of classifiers. A comparative study between individual classifiers and ensemble framework has been included in the paper. Experimental evaluation and assessment of the performance of the proposed model is done on the publically available datasets: BCI Competition IV dataset IIa and BCI Competition III dataset IVa. The ensemble based learning method gave the highest accuracy among all. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.4%, 86.5%, and 85.6% were achieved with a kappa value of 0.59 using DWM classification.

Neurologic involvement has been reported in primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) in approximately 10–25% of cases 1, 2, 3. Peripheral neuropathy is a major neurological manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome 4 and its etiology has been considered to be vasculitis in the peripheral nerves 2. While neuropathic symptoms of SS can be varied, it is unusual to have two different types of neuropathic presentations simultaneously in a patient. We describe a case of Sjogren’s syndrome presenting with autonomic symptoms who was noted to have large fiber neuropathy on EMG and inflammatory changes on nerve biopsy.

In the first part of his work, the author gives a literary survey of the question of the central conductors of general sensitivity. The order of presentation is as follows: sensitive pathways of the spinal cord, brain stem, large brain (from thalamus opticus to the cortex); at the end, the author examines the arguments in favor of one or another localization of the sensory motor region in the cortex.

Objectives: To describe a patient with facial-onset sensory-motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) that later developed Huntington’s disease (HD). Case report: A 62-year-old woman complained of progressive dysphagia 8 years before referral. At initial evaluation, there was excessive salivation, dysphagia, and sensory-motor trigeminal impairment. Denervation was noted on the upper limbs and the tongue. Blink reflexes were abolished. Genetic study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related genes was normal. She was diagnosed with FOSMN syndrome. Her clinical state progressively worsened with corneal anesthesia, severe denutrition, right arm and axial weakness. Seven years after referral, she was unable walk and developed generalized chorea. Abnormal huntingtin gene repeat expansion confirmed the diagnosis of HD. She died 16 years after onset of dysphagia. Conclusion: Cases with both HD and ALS have already been reported but not FOSMN and HD, to our knowledge. Some FOSMN cases have been linked to ALS-related gene mutations and HD phenocopies have been associated with C9ORF72 repeat expansions. Recently, huntingtin repeat expansions were described in the ALS population. Although a chance association cannot be excluded, data from the literature are in favor of a pathogenic relationship between FOSMN and HD in this particular case. We suggest that huntingtin gene be more systematically studied in patients with FOSMN.

Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease. Congenital contractures are a heterogeneous group of various diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. The article describes a family case of hereditary sensory-motor polyneuropathy caused by a mutation with 943GA (p Arg315Trp) in the TRPV4 gene (transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel 4, NM_021625. 4). The article presents the clinical and neurological characteristics of the patient, the results of genetic and neurophysiological examination of the patient and his parents, differential diagnosis of this disease.

The goal was to study the psycho-emotional sphere and substantiate the methodology of mental training for shooters. Material and methods: the study involved 12 rifle and pistol shooters of the Kherson Higher School of Physical Education. Among them are athletes with qualifications of the second, first categories, candidates for Master of Sports and Master of Sports of Ukraine. The study continued during 2018-2019. In the course of the research, the method of mental training of shooters was introduced. The results proved that the means of mental training had a positive effect on the state of the nervous system of shooters. Sensory motor responses were superior in less experienced athletes. So, for shooters of the CCM level and below, the results are better than those of the masters of sports: 1) according to the tapping test for 0.75 ms, 2) according to the reaction to a light stimulus for 12.5 ms, c) according to the reaction to a sound stimulus to 55 5 ms. The degree of training according to the Schulte table was high among all shooters, but slightly higher among the masters of sports (by 0.05). A rather high indicator of emotional excitability was found in shooters of masters of sports. Among the representatives of this group were persons with different types of temperament. Basically, the sanguine type prevailed, based on a strong, balanced, mobile type of the nervous system. For the representatives of the second group, which included candidates for masters of sports and first-class athletes, this indicator was at an average level. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that the representatives of this group had persons with a predominantly phlegmatic type of temperament. Conclusions: mental training had a positive effect on the level of mental processes and emotional sphere of shooters. On the basis of the data obtained on the mental sphere of shooters, it was established that these indicators were at high and sufficient levels.

Conceptual metaphor theory postulates that interpreting metaphorical expressions requires mentally simulating the base sensory-motor experiences of the conceptual metaphor from which they are derived. Even though TIME IS SPACE is one of the most studied conceptual metaphors, the evidence about its embodied basis is scarce and equivocal. An experiment was carried out to test the thesis that interpreting EGO MOVING metaphorical expressions involves simulating the experience of moving forward towards a fixed destination. While participants in the experimental group read EGO MOVING metaphorical expressions after performing the sensory-motor activity that corresponded to the base domain, participants in the control group read those metaphorical expressions after performing an unrelated physical activity. No differences in reading times were found between the two conditions. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of previous research on the embodied perspective on metaphor comprehension. La teoría de la metáfora conceptual postula que la interpretación de expresiones metafóricas implica simular mentalmente las experiencias sensoriomotoras base de las metáforas conceptuales de las que derivan. A pesar de que El tiempo es espacio es una de las metáforas conceptuales más estudiadas, la evidencia acerca de su carácter corporeizado es escasa y difícil de interpretar. Se llevó a cabo un experimento para poner a prueba la hipótesis de que interpretar expresiones metafóricas derivadas de la metáfora conceptual Persona en movimiento involucra simular la experiencia de avanzar hacia un objetivo fjo. Mientras que los participantes pertenecientes al grupo experimental leyeron este tipo de expresiones metafóricas después de realizar una actividad sensoriomotora correspondiente al dominio base, los participantes del grupo control leyeron las mismas expresiones después de realizar una actividad física no relacionada. No se encontraron diferencias en los tiempos de lectura de ambas condiciones. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en el contexto de las investigaciones previas sobre la perspectiva corporeizada acerca de la comprensión de metáforas. A teoria da metáfora conceitual postula que a interpretação de expressões metafóricas leva a simular mentalmente as experiências sensório-motoras base das metáforas conceituais das que se derivam. Apesar de o tempo é espaço é uma das metáforas conceituais mais estudadas, a evidência acerca de seu carácter corporizado é escassa e difícil de interpretar. Levou-se a cabo um experimento para pôr a prova a hipótese que interpretar expressões metafóricas derivadas da metáfora conceitual pessoa em movimento envolve simular a experiência de avançar para um objeto fxo. Enquanto os participantes pertencentes ao grupo experimental leram este tipo de expressões metafóricas depois de realizar uma atividade sensório-motora correspondente ao domínio base desta metáfora conceitual, os participantes do grupo controle, leram as mesmas expressões metafóricas depois de realizar uma atividade física não relacionada. Não se encontraram diferenças nos tempos de leitura de ambas as condições. Discutem-se as implicações destes resultados no contexto das pesquisas prévias sobre a perspectiva corporizada acerca da compreensão de metáforas. Fil: Martin, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; Argentina Fil: Trench, Juan Maximo. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina Fil: Minervino, Ricardo Adrian. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Background: Depersonalization and derealization (DPDR) syndrome results from complex interwoven sensory motor experiences seen across psychiatric disorders. There is sparse literature from India on DPDR symptoms, their clinical and research utility. This study focuses frequency of coding the diagnosis of DPDR (ICD-10) and critical discussion about its clinical and research utility. Methods: A retrospective review of case files coded under ICD code F48.1 was carried out for 10 years and details were systematically analyzed for age, gender, duration, phenomenology, comorbid diagnosis, and pharmacological treatment. Results: Fourteen patients received the diagnosis of DPDR. Mean duration of DPDR syndrome was 6 years (standard deviation [SD] = 2.2) while mean age of presentation to hospital was 24 years (SD = 2.5). Tactile imagery (50%), self-environmental integration (42%), and dream-reality integration (28%) were the major themes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were used as primary medication for 65% of patients. Conclusion: Isolated DPDR syndrome has been diagnosed very rarely in recent past. Reasons may include ignoring the comorbid DPDR coding, inability to articulate DPDR symptoms, inadequate documentation and misinterpretation of symptoms or actually less prevalence of DPDR syndrome in India. Considering scanty literature on DPDR as a primary diagnosis, more studies are required to identify the actual prevalence and coding of DPDR in future.

A incidencia de criancas com microcefalia por Sindrome Congenita do Zika Virus incentivou a elaboracao e adequacao de servicos de saude, em especial no nordeste do Brasil, afim de possibilitar acompanhamento multiprofissional continuo requerido pelas criancas e suas familias. Esse trabalho objetiva descrever as acoes terapeuticas ocupacionais em um grupo de vivencias sensorio-motoras destinado a criancas com essa condicao e a experiencia de um estagiaria de Terapia Ocupacional como parte da equipe de conducao do grupo e a influencia da pratica na construcao de sua formacao profissional. Realizado um grupo semanal multidisciplinar em um Centro Especializado em Reabilitacao no Recife, contendo cerca de 17 criancas, considerando duvidas e receios dos seus cuidadores quanto ao manejo das estrategias de estimulacao. As acoes de Terapia Ocupacional abrangeram experiencias de estimulacao auditiva, visual, tatil, proprioceptiva e uma oficina de brinquedos. O grupo terapeutico possibilitou o compartilhamento de ideias, transformando seus sujeitos e contextos. A experiencia analisada possibilitou a percepcao do apoio tecnico multiprofissional como fundamental, mesmo diante da condicao cronica apresentada por essas criancas, reinventando o significado do cuidado. A estagiaria de Terapia Ocupacional foi possibilitada a insercao na equipe comprometida com a efetivacao das atividades, tornando-se o grupo um espaco de aprendizagem, concretizacao de conhecimentos e experimentacoes do exercicio profissional, ao passo em que sua participacao contemplou todas as etapas da execucao de um grupo (elaboracao da ideia, planejamento das etapas, identificacao de demandas, escolha de materiais, conducao das atividades e recebimento das consideracoes acerca da execucao). Abstract The incidence of children with microcephaly due to Congenital Syndrome of the Zika Virus encouraged the elaboration and adequacy of health services, especially in Brazil’s northeast, in order to continuously enable multiprofessional follow-up required by children and their families. This study aimed at describing the occupational therapeutic actions in a group of sensory-motor experiences for children with this condition and the experience of an Occupational Therapy intern as part of the group's driving team and the influence of the practice in constructing their professional training. A multidisciplinary weekly group was held at a Specialized Rehabilitation Center, with about 17 children, considering the questions and concerns of their caregivers regarding the management of stimulation strategies. Occupational Therapy actions included experiences of auditory, visual, tactile, proprioceptive stimulation and a toy workshop.The therapeutic group allowed the sharing of ideas, transforming their subjects and contexts. The analyzed experience enabled the perception of multiprofessional technical support as essential, even in the face of the chronic condition presented by those children, reinventing the meaning of medical care. The Occupational Therapy intern allowed the insertion in the team being committed to the accomplishment of activities, leading the group into a learning space, learning new concepts and experimenting the professional role, while its participation contemplated all the stages of the execution with the group (idea elaboration, planning of the stages, identification of demands, choice of materials, conduction of activities and receipt of considerations about execution). Keywords : Microcephaly, Zika Virus, Psychomotor Performance, Self-Help Groups, Caregivers. Resumen La incidencia de ninos con microcefalia por Sindrome Congenita de Zika Virus incentivo la elaboracion y adecuacion de los servicios de salud, en especial en el nordeste de Brasil, con el fin de permitir la monitorizacion multiprofesional continua requerida por los ninos y sus familias. Este trabajo objetiva describir las acciones terapeuticas ocupacionales en un grupo de vivencias sensorio-motoras destinado a ninos con esa condicion y la experiencia de una interna de Terapia Ocupacional como parte del equipo de conduccion del grupo y la influencia de esta practica en la construccion de su formacion profesional. Se reunio un grupo semanal multidisciplinario en un Centro Especializado en Rehabilitacion, con cerca de 17 ninos, considerando dudas y temores de sus cuidadores acerca del manejo de las estrategias de estimulacion. Las acciones de Terapia Ocupacional incluyeron experiencias de estimulacion auditiva, visual, tactil, proprioceptiva y un taller de juguetes. El grupo terapeutico posibilito el intercambio de ideas, transformando a sus participantes y contextos. La experiencia analizada posibilito la percepcion del apoyo tecnico multiprofesional como fundamental, incluso ante la condicion cronica presentada por estos ninos, reinventando el significado del cuidado. A la interna de Terapia Ocupacional se posibilito la insercion en el equipo comprometido con la efectividad de las actividades, convirtiendose el grupo en un espacio de aprendizaje, materializacion de conocimientos y experimentaciones del ejercicio profesional, ya que su participacion contemplo todas las etapas de ejecucion (planeaminento de las etapas, identificacion de demandas, eleccion de materiales, conduccion de las atividades y criticas). Palabras clave: Microcefalia, Virus Zika, Desempeno Psicomotor, Grupos de Autoayuda, Cuidadores .

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is very effective in alleviating pain, but functional deficits persist up to a year following surgery. Regardless of standard physiotherapy programs, significant additional muscular atrophy and weakness occurs. Deficits in strength have serious adverse consequences for these patients with respect to physical function, the maintenance of independence and the requirement for revision surgery. Progressive resistance training in rehabilitation following THA has been shown to significantly enhance muscle strength and function. The fundamental principle is to progressively overload the exercised muscle as it becomes stronger. Different strength training protocols have been used at different times in the postoperative phase, in group or individual practices, with major differences being in center-based and home-based programs with or without supervision. The primary objectives of our study are to evaluate whether an early postoperative home-based strength training protocol is feasible for all elective THA patients, does not cause major adverse effects and can improve patient functional outcomes at 3 months and 1 year following surgery.Methods/DesignThis study is a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial to be conducted in the orthopedic departments of two Slovenian hospitals. In each hospital, 124 patients aged 60 or older with unilateral osteoarthritis, an ASA score between 1 and 3, signed informed consent form, and no terminal illness disabling rehabilitation participation will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. THA with an anterior approach will be performed. All patients will receive current standard physiotherapy during hospitalization. Patients in the intervention group will also learn strength and sensory-motor training exercises. Upon discharge all will receive USB drives with exercise videos, written exercise instructions and a training diary. Physiotherapists will perform the assessments (physical tests and the maximal voluntary isometric contraction assessment), and patients will fill out outcome assessment questionnaires (the Harris Hip Score and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey) at baseline and 1, 3 and 12 months after surgery.DiscussionThe main purpose of our study is to design a new standardized rehabilitation protocol with videos that will be effective, safe and accessible to all Slovenian THA patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04061993. Protocol ID: PRT_PhD. Record Verification April 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04061993

The aim of this study was to identify and to assess the best evidence currently available on the effectiveness of oral sensory-motor stimulation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the Pubmed, Web of Science (WOS), PEDro and Scopus databases. Clinical trials were reviewed and PEDro rating scale was used to assess the methodological quality of these studies. Results: 1267 studies were found and 11 were relevant and included in this review. Improvements were obtained in achieving independent feeding, maturation of the sucking pattern, transition to full feeding, motor function and length of hospital stay in most studies. Conclusions: there is evidence to support the benefits of the use of oral sensorimotor stimulation to achieve independent oral feeding in preterm infants, thereby reducing their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Anthropogenic activities often lead to alterations in the natural environment via multiple routes. Simultaneous occurrence of interacting environmental perturbations may influence animals via more complex pathways than when being exposed to environmental stressors discretely. In our study, we investigated the interactive effects of poor visual environment and exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration of a common contaminant on the behavior of larval zebrafish, Danio rerio. Specifically, we tested the sensory-motor behavior of zebrafish larvae by exposing them to low-light conditions and a low concentration of bisphenol-A (BPA) for 7 days postfertilization. We found that zebrafish exposed to both BPA and low-light conditions had significantly weaker response to a moving-visual cue. However, those exposed to only one of these treatments did not have altered response to visual cues. Since the response to a moving, visual cue involves locomotion, we also examined the distance they traveled as a proxy for activity level of individuals across treatments. However, the distance traveled by individuals did not significantly differ across treatments, suggesting that the differences in response are linked to visual sensory pathways. Here, we emphasize that the adverse effects of environmental stressors, particularly of those that occur at environmentally relevant concentrations, may emerge only when they co-occur with another environmental stressor. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple environmental stressors to comprehensively assess impacts that human activities have on behavioral strategies of animals.

Sensory-motor coordination involves the study of how organisms make accurate goaldirected movements based on perceived sensory information. There are two problems associated to this process: sensory feedback is noisy and delayed, which can make movements inaccurate and unstable, and the relationship between a motor command and the movement it produces is variable, as the body and the environment can both change. Nevertheless, we can observe everyday our ability to perform accurate movements, which is due to a nervous system that adapts to those existing limitations and continuously compensates for them. How does the nervous system do it? By means of anticipating the sensory consequences of motor commands. The idea that anticipatory mechanisms guide human behaviour, i.e., that predictions about future states directly influence current behavioural decision making, has been increasingly appreciated over the last decades. Various disciplines have explicitly recognized anticipations. In cognitive psychology, the ideo-motor principle states that an action is initiated by the anticipation of its effects, and before this advanced action mechanism can be used, a learning phase has to take place, advising the actor about several actions and their specific effects (Stock and Stock, 2004). In biorobotics, anticipation plays a major role in the coordination and performance of adaptive behaviour (Butz et al., 2002), being interested on designing artificial animals (animats) able to adapt to environmental changes efficiently by learning and drawing inferences. What are the bases of human anticipation mechanisms? Internal models of the body and the world. Internal models can be classified into (Miall & Wolpert, 1996): a. forward models, which are predictive models that capture the causal relationship between actions and outcome, translating the current system state and the current motor commands (efference copy) into predictions of the future system state, and b. inverse models, which generate from inputs about the system state and state transitions, an output representing the causal events that produced that state. Forward models are further divided into (Miall & Wolpert, 1996): i. forward dynamic models, estimating future system states after current motor commands

Recent events bring the importance of respiratory health to the forefront of our collective attention. In this issue of Cell, a new study by Prescott and Umans et al. reveals how a dedicated laryngeal sensory motor reflex circuit protects our airways from aspirated foods or liquids.

본 연구의 목적은 만 2세 일일보육계획안에 나타난 감각·탐색영역의 내용을 분석하고, 분석결과를 제공하여 담임교사의 반성적 사고와 인식의 변화를 돕는 것이다. 만 2세 교사6인의 일일보육계획안을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 만 2세 일일보육계획안 감각 · 탐색영역의 오감별 분석결과는 ‘시각’이, 주제별로는 ‘신나는 여름’이, 활동유형별로는 ‘수 · 조작’활동이 가장 다수로 나타났다. 둘째, 일일보육계획안 분석결과를 본 만 2세반 교사 6인들은 감각 · 탐색영역을 수 · 조작 교구를 비치해주는 공간 정도로 생각하고 있었던 점, 오감중심의 감각교육이라 하면서도 시각, 촉각활동만을 사용하였던 점 등을 반성하였다. 또한 다양한 개선방안을 스스로 마련하고 반성적 교수를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 교사의 일일보육계획안의 분석결과가 의미있는 반성적 인식과 교수 자료로 활용될 수 있다는 점, 현장의 감각 · 탐색영역 운영상의 편중과 개선방안을 밝힌 점이다.

Objectives - to evaluate the latent period of complex sensory-motor reaction ^SMR) to relevant visual stimuli in virtual reality (VR) with personalized and indifferent content. Material and methods. The study included 10 healthy right-handed males aged 18-19. The selection of subjects in groups was based on two VR scenarios, the content of which reflected (personalized VR) or did not reflect their personal experience (indifferent VR). The latent period of CSMR to relevant visual stimuli was registered using a gamepad and an EEG recording system (BP-010302 BrainAmp Standart 128) in the oddball paradigm. VR scenarios were demonstrated using Oculus Rift CV1 headset. Registration of СSMR in personalized and indifferent VRs was done in three sessions with the interval of 24 hours. Each session lasted 7-8 minutes and included 30-40 CSMR registrations. Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) was used for subjective evaluation of VR immersiveness. The collected data was processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. Results. Statistically significant correlations were registered only in VR with personalized content, between the latent time of CSMR and indexes of spatial presence (0.694522) and a general effect of VR immersiveness (-0.592243). It was noted that latent period of CSMR to relevant visual stimuli in VR is determined by the semantic content: the time of CSMR to relevant stimuli in personalized VR was significantly less, than to those in indifferent VR. Conclusion. We support the adequacy of the methodology of studying the mechanisms of human voluntary attention with inclusion of personalized scenes in VR content. It is suggested that such methodology is promising for neurorehabilitation of patients with age-related cognitive impairment

Background/Aims Stroke can result in various motor and sensory impairments on contralesional as well as ipsilesional limbs. This study examined the impact on activity limitations as a result of sensory and motor impairments of ipsilesional limbs following stroke. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to assess 50 adults with stroke (acute: n=6, subacute: n=10, chronic: n=34) and 50 age- and gender-matched typically healthy adults. The Modified Ashworth Scale, the Brunnstrom Approach, Nottingham Sensory Assessment, Star Cancellation Test, Right-Left Orientation Test, Trunk Impairment Scale, Single Leg Stance Test, and the Fugl Mayer Assessment were used to measure outcomes for ipsilesional side impairments. Activity limitations were scored using the Wisconsin Gait Scale and the Motor Assessment Scale. Results A comparison of all impairments: tonal, voluntary control, sensation, perception, sitting and standing balance, and coordination of the ipsilesional extremity of persons with hemiparesis with corresponding extremity of typically healthy adults using unpaired t-test, showed significant impairment (PConclusions Ipsilesional impairments present in people with hemiparesis have a significant impact on the activity limitation; hence it is necessary to address ipsilesional impairments along with contralesional impairments.

Students in Pustaka Indah Kindergarten Samarinda were considered having low sensory motor skill due to lack of physical practic, unattactive facilities of learning, less maximum guide frorm the teacher, and less various teaching method. Responding the issue, the researcher applied a classroom action research to improve student’ motor skill through collage activity by using dried leaves. This study involved 20 students of Group B at Pustaka Indah Kindergarten as the research subject. Moreover, observation sheets and documentation of learning activity were employed to collect the data. The data was then analyzed through descriptive quantitative and qualitatively. The research was carried out in three cycles, wherein each cycle consists of four stages; planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Having analyed the data, students’ sensory motor skill increased after implementing the collage activity. Based on observation sheet on the students’ average score in pre cycle, 0% students did not reach the passing grade. However, at the first cycle, 40% students managed to improve their sensory motor skill, which then increased in the second cycle, making up 70,33% with good category. In conclusion, the collage activity has effectively improved students’ sensory motor skill, especially for students in Pusaka Indah Kindergarten Samarinda.