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Key to the Andryala species in Madeira 1. Stem with some glandular hairs in the upper part; external involucral bracts flat, not embracing a floret; florets pale yellow, frequently with a reddish stripe on the outer face......................................................................................................... A. integrifolia - Stem glandular hairy at least in the upper part; external involucral bracts involute, embracing a floret; florets golden yellow, seldom with a reddish stripe on the outer face................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Lower leaves entire to pinnatipartite with lobes more than 3 mm wide; peduncles frequently with long glandular hairs 0.9–4.0 mm long; ligules not stellate-hairy at the apex of their teeth or rarely so................................................................................................. 3 - Lower leaves 1–2-pinnatisect with segments up to 3 mm wide; peduncles with short glandular hairs 0.4–0.9 mm long; ligules stellate-hairy at the apex of their teeth........................................................................................................................ A. crithmifolia 3. Stem densely stellate-tomentose with glandular hairs all along the stem, especially in the upper half; lower leaves entire or subentire, sometimes lobate-pinnatifid, cauline leaves usually entire; uppermost, cauline, and sometimes basal leaves densely glandular hairy; peduncles stout; involucre hemispherical at anthesis; involucral bracts arranged in 4(–5) rows..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... A. glandulosa - Stem puberulous to tomentose with stellate hairs and abundant glandular hairs only in the upper part; basal and cauline leaves subentire to pinnatipartite; uppermost leaves ± glandular hairy; peduncles slender; involucre campanulate at anthesis; involucral bracts arranged in 2–3 rows......................................................................................................................................... A. subglabrata, Published as part of Ferreira, Maria Zita, Fernández, Inés Álvarez & Sequeira, Miguel Menezes De, 2023, Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Andryala glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from Madeira Island, Portugal, pp. 243-254 in Phytotaxa 579 (4) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7563951

Andryala glandulosa Lamarck (1783: 154) Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. H. R. P. Delamarck Diction., sine coll. (lectotype P03772030!, designated by Ferreira et al. 2015b). Andryala cheiranthifolia L’Héritier (1785: 35–36), syn. nov. Andryala varia var. cheiranthifolia (L’Héritier) Candolle (1838: 246). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira (“ ach. de l’herb. de L’Héritier ”), sine coll. (lectotype G00470810!, designated here). Andryala candidissima Desfontaines (1829: 399). Andryala varia var. candidissima (Desfontaines) Candolle (1838: 245). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Jardin de Paris, 1821, sine coll. (lectotype G00329629, designated here). Andryala robusta Lowe (1838: 540). Andryala cheiranthifolia subsp. robusta (Lowe) Bornm̧ller (1904:489). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. North side of the Pico do Castello in Pto. Sto., May 1828, R. T. Lowe 82 (lectotype K000251914!, designated here; isolectotype BM000829759!). Andryala varia var. angustifolia Candolle (1838: 245). Andryala cheiranthifolia subv. angustifolia (Candolle) Lowe (1868: 562). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Hort. Genev., 15 October 1834 (lectotype G00326340, designated here). Andryala cheiranthifolia subv. latifolia Lowe (1868: 561). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Ilheo dos Embarcadores Pta. de S„o Lourenço, 16 April 1868, R. T. Lowe 296 (lectotype BM000829760!, designated here; isolectotype: BM000829757!)., Published as part of Ferreira, Maria Zita, Fernández, Inés Álvarez & Sequeira, Miguel Menezes De, 2023, Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Andryala glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from Madeira Island, Portugal, pp. 243-254 in Phytotaxa 579 (4) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7563951, {"references":["Lamarck, J. - B. (1783) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, vol. 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 752 pp.","Ferreira, M. Z., Fernandez, I. A. & Menezes de Sequeira, M. (2015 b) Lectotypification of ten taxa in Andryala L. (Asteraceae). Taxon 64 (4): 837 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 644.15","L'Heritier, C. L. (1785) Stirpes novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustratae, Fasciculus 2. Ex Typographia Philippi-Dionysii Pierres, Paris, 181 pp.","Candolle, A. P. de (1838) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 7. Treuttel & W ¸ rtz, Paris, 330 pp.","Desfontaines, R. (1829) Catalogus plantarum Horti Regii Parisiensis cum annotationibus de plantis novis aut minus cognitis (3 rd ed.). J. S. Chaude, Paris, 484 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69101","Lowe, R. T. (1838) Novitiae florae Maderensis: or Notes and Gleanings of Maderan Botany. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 6 (3): 523 - 551."]}

Andryala subglabrata (DC) M.Z.Ferreira, Alv.Fern. & M.Seq., stat. & comb. nov. ≡ Andryala varia var. subglabrata Candolle (1838: 246) Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. In rupibus subumbrosis convallium Maderae ad alt. 2000–5000 ped. ubique vulg., 1832, M. Low. 399 (lectotype G00326360 ex herb. DC., designated here). Andryala varia var. aprica Candolle (1838: 246). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Hab. in Maderae ad altit. 3000–5000 ped. in locis rupibus apricis siccis, magis quam quibus subv. 1 nascitur, 1832, M. Low. 388 (holotype G00326377 ex herb. DC., specimen on the left). Andryala cheiranthifolia subv. integrifolia Lowe (1868: 563). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Rocks in Ribeiro Frio, 29 June 1827, Lowe 130 (lectotype K000251909!, designated here). Andryala cheiranthifolia subv. runcinata Lowe (1868: 564). Type:— PORTUGAL. Madeira. Rock at the head of the Rib. Funda above the Lagoa or Fanal, 18 July 1855, R. T. Lowe 400 XX (lectotype BM000072531a!, designated here; isolectotype: K000251919!). Description:—Annual to biennial herbs, sometimes perennating, multi- or single-stemmed (Fig. 1a). STEMS 37– 94(–105) cm, branched in the upper half, less frequently from the base or in the upper third, puberulous to tomentose with stellate hairs and numerous glandular hairs only in the upper part. LEAVES glaucous to deep green, puberulous to tomentose on both faces with stellate hairs mixed with ± abundant glandular hairs on the upper leaves; lower leaves arranged in a rosette, often marcescent at anthesis, 83–223 × 9–47(–68) mm, attenuate into a winged petiole 16–50 mm, usually lanceolate, apex acute, and margin subentire to pinnatipartite with lobes more than 3 mm wide (Fig. 1b); cauline leaves 55–130(–152) × 5–41 mm, semiamplexicaul, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, base ± rounded sometimes attenuate, apex acute sometimes acuminate, and margin subentire to pinnatipartite; upper leaves 14–44 × 2–10 mm, semiamplexicaul or amplexicaul, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, base ± rounded sometimes cuneate, apex acuminate, and margin entire, rarely subentire to dentate. INFLORESCENCE corymbose or paniculate-corymbose, with 5–12 capitula. CAPITULA (12–) 16–30 mm in diameter (Fig. 1c); peduncles 23–65(–77) mm with stellate hairs and some glandular hairs 0.9–1.8 mm; involucre 8–12 × 9–18 mm, campanulate at anthesis, with involucral bracts in 2–3 rows; external involucral bracts 5–9 × 0.7–1.5 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex frequently acuminate, involute enfolding a floret, the outer face pubescent-tomentose with stellate hairs and glandular hairs 0.8–1.8 mm, yellowish at the apex and blackish at the base, the inner face glabrous; internal involucral bracts 4–7 × 1–2 mm, with broad scariose margins or almost completely scariose, receptacle convex, villous with long setose hairs 3–6 mm (2 to 4 times longer than the cypselae). FLORETS ligulate, golden yellow, the external with a tube of 2.5–5 mm and ligule of 6–12 × 1.5–4.5 mm (Fig. 1d). CYPSELAE 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.6 mm (Fig. 1e), usually obconical dark brown with white ribs, apex with an inner ring of teeth equalling or slightly exceeding the prolongation of the ribs; pappus of white bristles 4–6 mm, denticulate at the base. Ecology:— Andryala subglabrata occurs between 500–1820 m, growing mainly on dry rocky soils. It also grows in shady and humid places of the stink-laurel forest, on rocky substrates (on the north face of Madeira). It can also be found alongside roads. Conservation status: —This species is common in Madeira and should be listed as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2012). Distribution: —Although Andryala subglabrata is found throughout the island of Madeira, it occurs mostly in inland areas such as Serra d’Água, S„o Vicente (especially in the vicinities of Encumeada), Paul da Serra, Rabaçal, Curral das Feiras, Camacha, and Pico do Areeiro (Fig. 2). However, it also grows in localities near the southwest coast of Madeira at high elevations (namely Prazeres and Faj„ da Ovelha). Unlike A. glandulosa, it does not occur in Porto Santo Island or in the Desertas Islands. Taxonomic remarks: —L´Héritier (1785) included an illustration of A. cheiranthifolia in the protologue. However, a specimen from Candolle´s collection, currently deposited at the Geneva herbarium (G00470810) under Andryala cheiranthifolia, was also traced (Fig. 3A). According to the label, it belonged to L’Heritier’s herbarium (“ ach. de l’herb. de L’Héritier ”) and corresponds to the original material (“ type de l’espèce ”).An additional label, handwritten by Candolle, reads “ A. cheiranthifolia L’Hér. ”, accompanied by the synonyms “ Andryala glandulosa Lam. ” and “ Andryala varia ε cheiranthifolia DC. ” Candolle (1838) clearly stated that his description of A. varia var. ε cheiranthifolia was based on a specimen from L´Heritier’s herbarium. In effect, Candolle acquired L’Heritier´s herbarium and made it the basis of his own collection, now deposited at G (Stafleu & Cowan 1981). Another type specimen was located at the British Natural History Museum, under the barcode number BM001124974, accompanied by a label indicating its origin (“ Hort. Paris L’Héritier ”). The label was handwritten by Joseph Banks, an English botanist who collected many plants in Madeira during Captain Cook´s first circumnavigation voyage (Hansen 1980) and maintained correspondence with L’Héritier (Dawson 1958). An additional annotation in pencil reads “ Andryala cheiranthifolia L. Her.! ” Thus, it is possible that this specimen originally belonged to L’Heritier’s collection, considering still that L’Héritier remained for 15 months in London between 1786 and 1787, a trip which resulted in the description of 19 new Macaronesian endemics (Francisco-Ortega et al. 2008). Although both specimens match the original description, the most complete specimen, G00470810, is here selected as the lectotype of Andryala cheiranthifolia L’Hér. Morphologically these two specimens resemble A. glandulosa (i.e. A. glandulosa subsp. glandulos a) in several characters (e.g. stem and leaf glandular indumentum, leaf margin, insertion and shape, peduncle diameter, involucre shape at anthesis). Moreover, both resemble morphologically the lectotype of A. glandulosa (Fig. 3C) designated by Ferreira et al. (2015b). In conformity with the protologues, both A. glandulosa and A. cheiranthifolia exhibit chaffy-like inner involucral bracts, which are distinct from the outer involucral bracts. Lamarck (1783: 154) highlighted this feature when describing A. glandulosa: “… leur réceptacle est légérement velu dans son centre, & muni de quelques paillettes, à sa circonférence. Ces paillettes, quoique voisines du calice, sont tout-à-fait distinguées de ses folioles ”. Likewise, L’Héritier (1785: 36) underlined the presence of straw-like bracts surrounding the receptacle in A. cheiranthifolia (“ Receptaculum planum, villosum, cinctum paleis … ”), stressing also its numerous involucral bracts (“ CALYX … squammis plurimis … ”). Indeed, A. glandulosa (presently known as A. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa) displays 4(– 5) rows of involucral bracts, the inner ones chaffy and glabrous and the outer ones densely stellate and glandular tomentose, each enfolding completely a cypsela. In view of the abovementioned, A. cheiranthifolia should be treated as a synonym of A. glandulosa, and the latter is to be considered as the correct name. Candolle (1838), although with an expression of doubt and therefore without nomenclatural relevance, already included, besides A. cheiranthifolia, also A. glandulosa in his A. varia var. cheiranthifolia. Fernandes (1959) stated that her study of herbarium specimens supports the recognition of two distinct species in Madeira: one from the coastal areas, A. glandulosa (= A. robusta), and another from the mountainous regions, A. cheiranthifolia L´Hér. (= A. varia Lowe ex DC. p.p., according to the author). However, Fernandes (op. cit.), in agreement with Lowe, preferred to classify these two taxonomic entities as subspecies of A. glandulosa. Indeed, Lowe (1868) recognized a predominantly maritime form of the species, A. cheiranthifolia var. α congesta, and a mainly mountain form, A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora. Our study of herbarium material and specimens collected during our fieldwork showed that the plants included in A. glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia fit the original description of A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora. Moreover, Lowe (1868: 562, 563) distinguished the two varieties based on the involucral bracts: “ scales of inv. fewer or more remote and distinct … ” (A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora) and “ outer scales of inv. linear lanceolate herbaceous thickly tomentose and fulvo-glandulose, the inner chaffy naked ” (A. cheiranthifolia var. α congesta). The study of the original material of A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora (“ A. pinnatifida and A. denudata Sol.! in BH ”), located at the BM herbarium under the barcode numbers BM001050371 and BM000829754, showed that both have stems with few stellate hairs and abundant glandular hairs only in the upper part, rather lax inflorescences, slender peduncles, campanulate involucres at anthesis, and few involucral bracts. These features are clearly distinct from those exhibited by L’Heritier’s A. cheiranthifolia. Additionally, Lowe (op. cit.) synonymized A. cheiranthifolia with A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora subvar. runcinata Lowe. However, our examination of the type material (BM000829755) showed that A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora subvar. runcinata does not correspond to A. cheiranthifolia. Consequently, the plants treated by Fernandes as A. glandulosa subsp. varia and by later authors under A. glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia do not represent A. cheiranthifolia in the sense of its type and, moreover, should be recognized at species rank. Considering that Andryala varia var. subglabrata DC. is the earliest legitimate name for this taxon, we propose a new combination: A. subglabrata. A specimen from the Candolle collection, G00326360, is here selected as lectotype. It was gathered in 1832 by Lowe and is labelled “ A. varia var. α subvar. 1 nob.”. Morphologically it resembles a specimen from Lowe´s collection under A. cheiranthifolia var. β sparsiflora subv. runcinata (BM000072531a). Scopoli described A. tomentosa Scopoli (1787: 12–13) based on cultivated plants of uncertain origin. Several authors (e.g. Aiton 1789, Candolle 1838) placed it in A. cheiranthifolia, along with A. glandulosa. In the protologue, Scopoli (1787) stressed that the lower leaf margin is profoundly pinnatifid (“ Folia diversa; nunc enim quae ex radice oriuntur profunde pinnatifida, segmentis lanceolatis, patulis, flexuosis, obtusis; nunc vero omnia sunt lanceolata; imis tamen sinuato-dentatis: superioribus autem integris.”), a feature also observed in A. subglabrata (contrary to A. glandulosa with lower leaves entire to subentire or sometimes lobate-pinnatifid). The description of A. tomentosa also fits A. subglabrata in what concerns the number of rows of the involucral bracts (“ Calyx communis subrotundus, constans unica serie foliolorum linearium …”). Hence, it is possible that A. tomentosa and A. subglabrata correspond to the same taxonomic entity. No original material of A. tomentosa was located to clarify this issue. In fact, Scopoli’s herbarium and types were mainly lost or destroyed during the World War II (Stafleu & Cowan 1985). Moreover, A. tomentosa Scop. is a later homonym and, therefore, illegitimate [A. tomentosa Chaix in Villars (1786: 366) was validly published a year before]. Considering the above, the adoption of A. subglabrata instead of A. tomentosa is acceptable. Andryala subglabrata is morphologically distinct from A. glandulosa (Fig. 4A, 4B). It differs mainly by the habit, stem and leaf indumentum, lower and cauline leaf margins, glandular indumentum of the peduncle, inflorescence, capitula diameter, involucre size and shape, as well as number of rows of the involucral bracts and indumentum (Tab. 1)., Published as part of Ferreira, Maria Zita, Fernández, Inés Álvarez & Sequeira, Miguel Menezes De, 2023, Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Andryala glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) from Madeira Island, Portugal, pp. 243-254 in Phytotaxa 579 (4) on pages 245-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7563951, {"references":["Candolle, A. P. de (1838) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 7. Treuttel & W ¸ rtz, Paris, 330 pp.","IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. Second edition. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technicaldocuments / categories-and-criteria (accessed 17 December 2021)","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1981) Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (2 ed.), vol. 3. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 980 pp.","Hansen, A. (1980) A list of botanical collectors, Madeira Archipelago. Bocagiana 51: 1 - 12.","Dawson, W. R. (Ed.) (1958) The Banks letters: a calendar of the manuscript correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks preserved in the British Museum, the British Museum (Natural History) and other collections in Great Britain. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 973 pp.","Francisco-Ortega, J., Santos-Guerra, A., Carine, M. A. & Jarvis, C. E. (2008) Plant hunting in Macaronesia by Francis Masson: the plants sent to Linnaeus and Linnaeus filius. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3): 393 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2008.00822. x","Ferreira, M. Z., Fernandez, I. A. & Menezes de Sequeira, M. (2015 b) Lectotypification of ten taxa in Andryala L. (Asteraceae). Taxon 64 (4): 837 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 644.15","Lamarck, J. - B. (1783) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, vol. 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 752 pp.","L'Heritier, C. L. (1785) Stirpes novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustratae, Fasciculus 2. Ex Typographia Philippi-Dionysii Pierres, Paris, 181 pp.","Fernandes, R. (1959) Notas sobre algumas plantas da Madeira. Anuario da Sociedade Broteriana 25: 23 - 28.","Scopoli, G. A. (1787) Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae seu novae, aut minus cognitae species plantarum et animalium quas in Insubria Austriaca tam spontaneas, qua in exoticas vidit, descripsit, et aeri incidi, vol. 2. Ex Typographia Reg. & Imp. Monasterii S. Salvatoris. Praesidib. Rei litter. Permittentibus, Ticini, 991 pp.","Aiton, W. (1789) Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, vol. 3. Printed for George Nicol, Bookseller to his Majesty, London, 547 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4504","Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. (1985) Taxonomic literature: a selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (2 ed.), vol. 5. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1066 pp.","Villars, D. (1786) Histoire des plantes de Dauphine, vol. 1. Chez l'Auteur & les Libraires, Grenoble; chez les Freres Perisse & chez Piestre & de la Moliere, Lyon; chez Prevost, Quai des Augustins, Paris, 467 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 116232"]}

Currently two subspecies of Andryala glandulosa endemic to Madeira (Portugal) are recognized: A. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa and A. glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia. A thorough revision of both taxonomical and nomenclatural aspects led us to the conclusion that the subspecific epithet cheiranthifolia was misapplied. Thus, we suggest to synonymize Andryala glandulosa with A. cheiranthifolia and accept A. glandulosa as the correct name for the taxon presently known as A. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa. The taxon currently recognized as A. glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia exhibits distinct vegetative and reproductive structures when compared to A. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa and should, therefore, be treated as a separate species, for which the name A. subglabrata is hereby proposed. A detailed description and illustration of A. subglabrata are provided and its lectotype is designated. Diagnostic characters are discussed and compared with those of A. glandulosa.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. y Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague fueron introducidas después de 1930 para ser utilizadas en los jardines y pérgolas de las zonas inferiores a 400 m de altitud de la costa meridional de Madeira. En la actualidad son muy frecuentes, creciendo de forma muy densa sobre muros de piedra, cauces de aguas o terrazas de cultivos abandonados. Se ha evaluado la expansión histórica de estas enredaderas utilizando la técnica de la fotografía paisajística repetida. Estas especies, que se expanden en el área potencial del Mayteno umbellatae-Oleo maderensis sigmetum (series de microbosques del acebuche de Madeira) y en el del Semele androgynae-Apollonio barbujanae sigmetum (series de laurisilva de barbusano), se expanden en antiguas áreas agrícolas y en áreas previamente ocupadas por vegetación nativa o que podrían propiciar su regeneración. Pese a que es evidente que son una amenaza para la recuperación de la vegetación nativa, hasta el momento actual no se han desarrollado planes para su control. Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. and Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague were introduced after 1930s to be used for arbours and pergolas in gardens sited in warmer locations under 400 metres in south coast of Madeira Island. At the present they become very common and are densely growing over wastelands, stone walls, along stream banks, and over forsaken terraces. The historical expansion of these vines was evaluated using Repeat Landscape Photography Technique (RLPT). These species, which expanded in potential areas of Mayteno umbellatae-Oleo maderensis sigmetum (series of microforest of Madeiran oleaster tree) and Semele androgynae-Apollonio barbujanae sigmetum (series of laurel forest of barbusano-tree), spread into former agricultural lands and areas previously occupied by native vegetation or that could allow its regeneration. Although the evidence of being a threat to native vegetation recovery, no attempt has been made, up till now, to control them.

La flora vascular del archipiélago de Madeira incluye 74 taxones de pteridofitas. De ellos, ocho son endemismos exclusivos, otros ocho endemismos macaronésicos, siendo la gran mayoría, unos 44, especies nativas y 14 más son consideradas exóticas. El número total de taxones de plantas vasculares exóticas es de 401, lo que supone aproximadamente el 33% del total de la flora. La reciente detección de muchas especies de helechos totalmente naturalizadas es paralela a la que ocurre con otros grupos de plantas vasculares. En este trabajo se registra por primera vez la presencia de Pteris nipponica W.C. Shieh (syn. Pteris cretica L. var. albolineata Hooker) y Goniophlebium subauriculatum (Blume) C. Presl como nuevas especies naturalizadas para la isla de Madeira. The Madeira archipelago vascular flora includes 74 pteridophyte taxa. Of these, eight are exclusive endemics, eight are Macaronesian endemics, being the vast majority, 44, native and 14 referred as introduced taxa. The total number of alien vascular plant taxa is 401 (i.e. 33% of the total flora). The recent detection of several fully naturalized alien fern taxa is a process parallel to that observed in other groups of vascular plants. The occurrence of Pteris nipponica W.C. Shieh (syn. Pteris cretica L. var. albolineata Hooker) and Goniophlebium subauriculatum (Blume) C. Presl as new naturalized plants is recorded for the first time for the island of Madeira.

La ilustración es indudablemente parte de la historia botánica. A comienzos del siglo xix, cuando el latín botánico posibilitó descripciones más exactas, la necesidad de ilustraciones científicas decreció. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de las técnicas de impresión permitió la producción de revistas botánicas ilustradas periódicas a costes accesibles. Por ello, las láminas de plantas nunca han dejado de ser parte de la botánica a todos los niveles. Richard Thomas Lowe (1802-1874) estudió la flora de Madeira desde 1826, cuando visitó la isla por primera vez, hasta su muerte. Es bien conocido por haber sido el autor de la primera flora comprehensiva de Madeira, pero su labor como ilustrador botánico es poco conocida. En este trabajo analizamos la producción gráfica de su primer trabajo importante, publicado en 1831, junto con documentos escritos que juntos permiten conocer la extraordinaria labor del reverendo Lowe como botánico en Madeira, incluyendo su relevante actividad como ilustrador. Creemos que el análisis conjunto de sus ilustraciones y de su correspondencia muestra que fue el propio Lowe realizó los dibujos que dieron lugar a las láminas de Goodyera macrophylla de este trabajo, que hasta ahora se consideraban de autor desconocido. Illustration is undoubtedly part of botanical history. In the early 19th century, as botanical Latin yielded more accurate descriptions, the need for illustration in scientific publications decreased. Nevertheless, advances in printing processes boosted the production of illustrated botanical periodicals at accessible costs. Therefore, coloured depictions of plants never ceased to be part of botany at all levels. Richard Thomas Lowe (1802-1874) studied the flora of Madeira from 1826, when he first visited the island, to his death. He is well known as the author of Madeira’s first comprehensive Flora, but his work as a botanical illustrator is poorly known. We analysed the graphic production related to his first major paper, published in 1831, along with written documents, which, altogether, support a more complete understanding of Rev. Lowe’s botanical work in Madeira and his relevant activity as an illustrator. We believe that joint analysis of illustrations and correspondence show that Lowe himself made the drawings after which the plate of the orchid Goodyera macrophylla in this paper was prepared, whose authorship was, up to now, unknown.

El número de taxones introducidos y posiblemente introducidos en los archipiélagos de Madeira y Salvajes supone aproximadamente un 36% de su flora total, incluyendo 53 taxa de poáceas (sobre un total de 141 taxa de poáceas), constituyendo, de esta manera, la familia botánica con mayor número de taxa introducidos (38,4%). El género Ehrharta Thunb. comprende unas 35 especies, con una especie, E. longiflora Sm., registrada como introducida en Gran Canaria. El género Pennisetum Rich. incluye cerca de 80 especies, de las cuales un total de nueve especies están presentes en Macaronesia, de las que tres (P. clandestinum Hochst. & Chiov., P. purpureum Schum. y P. villosum R. Br. ex Fresen), se encuentran en el archipiélago de Madeira. Ehrharta longiflora Sm. y Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. se citan en este trabajo por primera vez para la isla de Madeira, donde han sido encontradas en áreas perturbadas a bajas y medias altitudes. El hallazgo de varios individuos maduros en estado de flor/fruto de ambas especies sugiere que están totalmente naturalizadas. El trabajo discute la naturalización, la capacidad invasora y los impactos ecológicos generados por las mismas. The number of introduced, and possible introduced, taxa in the Madeira and Selvagens islands currently accounts for nearly 36% of the total flora of these archipelagos, including 53 Poaceae taxa (out of 141 Poaceae taxa), therefore constituting the family with the higher proportion of introduced taxa (38.4%). The genus Ehrharta Thunb. comprises about 35 species, with one species, E. longiflora Sm., recorded as introduced in Gran Canaria. The genus Pennisetum Rich. includes ca. 80 species of which a total of nine species are present in Macaronesia, with three: P. clandestinum Hochst. & Chiov., P. purpureum Schum. and P. villosum R. Br. ex Fresen, occurring in the Madeira archipelago. Ehrharta longiflora Sm. and Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., are here recorded for the first time for the Madeira island, found in disturbed areas at low and medium altitudes. The finding of several mature and flowering/fructifying individuals of both species suggests a fully naturalized status. Naturalization, invasiveness and ecological impacts are discussed.

Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 Genus and species indet. Material: UMad-P500a (part: Fig. 2B) and UMad-P500b (Counter-part: Fig. 2C). Description: Incomplete hind wing, composed of incarbonized venation, 10.6 mm (base of wing to the RSb apex) �� 3.16 mm (2A apex to SC+R), venation more or less complete, except R1, and the missing vein C; bulla present in rs-m and CU-a. Vein 1-A partly detached from the sediment. Remarks: Hind wing fossil architecture and size correspond to the Ichneumonidae (Fig. 2A). It is distinct from similar Braconidae hind wings, due to the enclosed VI cell (Fig. 2A and D) (Broad, 2011), and vein rs-m apical to separation of veins RSa and RSb (Goulet & Huber, 1993). Further identification is prevented, although the size and venation points to a large ichneumonid parasitoid wasp. Genera with similar hind wing size and venation occur today in Madeira, including Amblyteles, Ophion, Ichneumon, and Rhyssa (Aguiar, 2008; Aguiar et al., 2017). However, to identify the specimen to genus and/or species, more complete fossil specimens are needed, as Ichneumonidae taxonomy is based on fore wing and body morphology (e.g. Goulet & Huber, 1993). Today, Madeiran Ichneumonidae are represented by 98 spp., of which, 30 spp. are single island endemics (Aguiar, 2008). Notwithstanding the high number of endemic species, literature reveals that Madeiran ichneumonids are understudied, being restricted mainly to check lists and taxonomy (e.g. Aguiar, 2008; Aguiar et al., 2017). Recent efforts include those of Santos et al. (2011), who demonstrated through host dissection and DNA barcoding that on Macaronesian Islands, parasitoids including Ichneumonidae, had a higher number of generalists (idiobionts) when compared to mainland. Studies dealing with immigration, evolution and divergence of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps in Madeira are currently lacking. However, the existence of a parasitoid wasp in Madeira Island at 1.3 Ma, certainly points to a complex trophic system already installed in the island. We conclude that insect somatofossils on oceanic islands are rare, but when found, they can provide interesting palaeontological information. The specimen described is the first record for Madeira island and Macaronesia. It corresponds to a fossilized hind wing of an ichneumonoid parasitoid wasp from the Calabrian stage (1.3 Ma) in Madeira Island, implying also the existence of their hosts. Further entomological and palaeoentomological efforts are needed to understand the evolution of these wasps in an insular context., Published as part of G��is-Marques, Carlos A., Jesus, Jos��, Sequeira, Miguel Menezes De & Madeira, Jos��, 2019, The first Ichneumonid fossil from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal), pp. 447-450 in Zootaxa 4612 (3) on page 448, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.3.13, http://zenodo.org/record/3235108, {"references":["Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes, Tome troisieme. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp.","Broad, G. (2011) Identification key to the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). The Natural History Museum, London, 40 pp.","Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (1993) Hymenoptera of the World: An identification guide to families. Centre for Land & Biological Resources, Ottawa, 668 pp.","Aguiar, A. M. F. (2008) List of arthropods (Arthropoda): Hymenoptera (Bethylidae, Dryinidae, Ichneumonidae). In: Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P. Jardim, R., Melo, I., Oliveira, P., Sergio, C., Serrano, A. R. M. & Vieira, P. (Coord.), Listagem dos fungos, flora e fauna terrestre dos arquipelagos da Madeira e Selvagens. Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira e Universidade dos Acores, Funchal e Angra do Heroismo, pp. 352 - 354.","Aguiar, A. F., Cravo, D. & Goncalves, Y. (2017) Sawflies and horntails of Madeira Archipelago (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), with the first records of two wasp species (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae & Ichneumonidae) parasitizing Sirex noctilio (Fabricius, 1793). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 153, 157 - 170.","Santos, A. M. C., Fontaine, C., Quicke, D. L. J., Borges, P. A. V. & Hortal, J. (2011) Are island and mainland biotas different? Richness and level of generalism in parasitoids of a microlepidopteran in Macaronesia. Oikos, 120, 1256 - 1262. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1600 - 0706.2010.19404. x"]}

Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802 Genus and species indet. Material: UMad-P500a (part: Fig. 2B) and UMad-P500b (Counter-part: Fig. 2C). Description: Incomplete hind wing, composed of incarbonized venation, 10.6 mm (base of wing to the RSb apex) × 3.16 mm (2A apex to SC+R), venation more or less complete, except R1, and the missing vein C; bulla present in rs-m and CU-a. Vein 1-A partly detached from the sediment. Remarks: Hind wing fossil architecture and size correspond to the Ichneumonidae (Fig. 2A). It is distinct from similar Braconidae hind wings, due to the enclosed VI cell (Fig. 2A and D) (Broad, 2011), and vein rs-m apical to separation of veins RSa and RSb (Goulet & Huber, 1993). Further identification is prevented, although the size and venation points to a large ichneumonid parasitoid wasp. Genera with similar hind wing size and venation occur today in Madeira, including Amblyteles, Ophion, Ichneumon, and Rhyssa (Aguiar, 2008; Aguiar et al., 2017). However, to identify the specimen to genus and/or species, more complete fossil specimens are needed, as Ichneumonidae taxonomy is based on fore wing and body morphology (e.g. Goulet & Huber, 1993). Today, Madeiran Ichneumonidae are represented by 98 spp., of which, 30 spp. are single island endemics (Aguiar, 2008). Notwithstanding the high number of endemic species, literature reveals that Madeiran ichneumonids are understudied, being restricted mainly to check lists and taxonomy (e.g. Aguiar, 2008; Aguiar et al., 2017). Recent efforts include those of Santos et al. (2011), who demonstrated through host dissection and DNA barcoding that on Macaronesian Islands, parasitoids including Ichneumonidae, had a higher number of generalists (idiobionts) when compared to mainland. Studies dealing with immigration, evolution and divergence of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps in Madeira are currently lacking. However, the existence of a parasitoid wasp in Madeira Island at 1.3 Ma, certainly points to a complex trophic system already installed in the island. We conclude that insect somatofossils on oceanic islands are rare, but when found, they can provide interesting palaeontological information. The specimen described is the first record for Madeira island and Macaronesia. It corresponds to a fossilized hind wing of an ichneumonoid parasitoid wasp from the Calabrian stage (1.3 Ma) in Madeira Island, implying also the existence of their hosts. Further entomological and palaeoentomological efforts are needed to understand the evolution of these wasps in an insular context.

Góis-Marques, Carlos A., Jesus, José, Sequeira, Miguel Menezes De, Madeira, José (2019): The first Ichneumonid fossil from the Early Pleistocene of Madeira Island (Portugal). Zootaxa 4612 (3): 447-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4612.3.13

The most common species of Acacia Miller on Madeira Island were introduced during the 19th and 20th century, usually as ornamental or on afforestation processes, and became invaders. This article aims to i) assess current distribution of Acacia’s species at Madeira Island, ii) evaluate the impacts on plant diversity after invasion, comparing phytosociological relevées from Acacia communities to native climax communities; iii) model their potential distribution, supported on species distribution modelling, based on a correlative approach; and iv) confirm the invasiveness of Acacia mearnsii, assessing the historical evolution using RLPT (Repeat Landscape Photography Technique). Data collection for current distribution was based on field survey, and guided by a systematic and stratified sampling approach, set to ensure that the entire environmental gradient of the island was sampled. As results, the communities of Acacia are characterized by very low species diversity, are usually monospecific at the tree layer, and present a scarce abundance of native and endemic taxa. In terms of potential distribution, just the higher altitudes of the island are predicted as unsuitable to A. melanoxylon and A. mearnsii. But some precaution must be taken on reading such results, once current species’ absence may not be connected to ecological determinants, but related to its recent introduction. Besides, the landscape historical evolution assessment puts on evidence the invasiveness of Acacia mearnsii, mainly because of its current presence on areas were deliberate introduction is not plausible. According to the results, namely the extensive suitable areas and extremely poor communities in terms of plant diversity, the species under focus can be considered as very problematic invaders.https://doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_35_6, As espécies mais comuns de Acacia que ocorrem na Ilha da Madeira foram introduzidas durante os séculos XIX e XX, como ornamentais ou para uso florestal, tendo-se tornado espécies invasoras. De forma a avaliar os impactes associados à invasão por estas espécies, neste trabalho procede-se à i) caracterização da distribuição atual de espécies do género Acacia Mill. na Ilha da Madeira, com base na recolha de presenças em campo a partir de um processo de amostragem sistemática e estratificada, assegurando que todo o gradiente ambiental da ilha é amostrado; ii) avaliam-se os impactes na diversidade florística das áreas invadidas, com base na comparação de inventários florísticos de comunidades nativas climácicas (laurissilva, zambujal) com os de áreas invadidas por acácia-austrália (Acacia melanoxylon R. BR.) e acácia negra (Acacia mearnsii De Willd.), as espécies que apresentam distribuição mais ampla na ilha; iii) avalia-se a distribuição potencial destas espécies, com base em modelos de base estatística, suportados no conceito de nicho ecológico; e iv) confirma-se o caráter invasor da acácia negra, através da avaliação da dinâmica a longo prazo com recurso a técnica de refotografia (Repeat Landscape Photography Technique). Em termos de resultados, tendo em conta o evidente empobrecimento florístico que os acaciais representam em co mparação com as comunidades nativas clímax que encabeçam as séries climatófilas, considerando a importância das áreas que são potencialmente adequadas à presença das espécies em análise, e dado o seu caráter invasor, confirmado no caso da acácia negra, podem considerar-se estas espécies como verdadeiras ameaças à diversidade na Ilha da Madeira.https://doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_35_6