Search

The prevalence of some tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (Borrelia sp., Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia sp.) in dog blood samples were examined using by PCR. A total of 200 dog blood samples were collected from dogs located in western Türkiye. Three pathogens for dogs, Borrelia burgdorferi, C. burnetii and Rickettsia sp. of were detected in dog blood samples. A single PCR was performed for the C. burnetii and multiplex PCR was applied for the Rickettsiae spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi. At the end of PCR study, Borrelia burgdorferi, C. burnetii and Rickettsiae sp. target pathogens were identified at the rate of 55.0% from all blood samples. The percentage distributions according to identified species were at the rate of C. burnetii 1.5%, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 2.0% and Rickettsiae spp. 51.5%. In this results show that the dogs may be a risk factor for the distribution of the tick-borne zoonotic bacteria. Tick borne zoonotic bacteria were to create a hazard to the human health.

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that usually settles in the genital organs, causing chronic, infectious and necrotic inflammatory disorders characterised by abortion and infertility mastitis in females and orchitis, epididymitis and testicular atrophy in male animals. Brucella canis causes Brucella infections in dogs. Less concern has showed to B. canis in Turkey, although dogs usually live in close contact with their owners and there is an increasing incidence of breeding kennels and stray dogs with poor state of health. The scope of this study is to determine the regional prevalance of canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis using a 2-mercaptaethanol rapid slide agglutination test and species-specific PCR method in the western part of Turkey. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples (80 from Aydýn Province, 60 from Ýzmir Province and 60 from Muðla Province) were collected between March 2019 and February 2020. Serological analysis was performed via mercaptoethanol microagglutination test. Brucella canis-specific PCR procedures were used to detect brucellosis at the molecular level. Result: Twelve (6%) of the serum samples were positive for 2-ME RSAT. B. canis positivity was detected in 10 (5%) out of 200 samples via PCR test. Twelve positive samples were found via 2-ME RSAT and 10 positive samples were found via molecular testing. B. canis positivity was 7.5% in Aydýn and 6.6% in Muðla, as revealed via molecular tests in pet dogs in contact with stray dogs. The presence of B. canis was not observed in the dogs examined from Ýzmir Province, which were not in contact with strays.

Caseous lymphadenitis is still a serious zoonotic problem in Turkey. Sheep suffer from the disease with yield loss in wool and meat production. Moreover, with inexperienced laboratory staff, biochemical identification may go unrevealed. The scope of this study was to demonstrate the presence ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisin sheep by PCR. The sampling was conducted via collecting lymph fluids from the lymph node internal pouch wall of 100 sheep that were examined for the presence ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Molecular identification of theCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisisolates was carried out by establishing the presence of the proline iminopeptidase gene. All isolates were confirmed to beCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisby polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase chain reaction procedure conducted in this research was observed to be reliable and fast, and could be utilized for confirmation of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep as an optional technique to time-consuming biochemical identification methods.

Enterokoklar insan ve hayvanlarda kommensal olarak bulunan ve özel koşullarda hastalığa neden olan bakterilerdir. Hastalığın oluşumunda birçok virülens faktörü rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada balıklardan enterokok izolasyonu ve izole edilen enterokoklarda virülens faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Ege bölgesinde bulunan balık işletmelerinden toplanan balıklardan 26 (%13) adet Enterococcus faecalis izole edilmiştir. İzolatlarda sitolizin ve jelatinaz aktivitesi ile birlikte agregasyon substans üretimi incelenmiştir. İzolatların hiçbirisinde sitolizin aktivitesi tespit edilememiştir. İzolatların %27'sinde agregasyon substans üretimi ve %11,5'inde ise jelatinaz aktivitesi saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada; balık kökenli enterokoklarda önemli virülens faktörlerinin varlığı belirlenmiş ve bu suşların insan ve hayvanlarda hastalık oluşturma potansiyeli olduğu kanısına varılmıştır Enterococci are commensal organisms of human and animals, and may cause diseases in particular conditions. Several virulence factors are responsible in the production of diseases. The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci from fish and to determine virulence factors of the isolates. A total of 26 (13%) Enterococcus faecalis strains were isolated from live, moribund and dead fish collected from fish farms in Aegian Region. Cytolysin and gelatinase activities and aggregation substance production of these strains were examined.Cytolysin production was not detected in any of E. faecalis strains. Of 26 strains tested, 27% was found to produce aggregation substance. Gelatinase activity was found in 11.5% of strains. The presence of strains with important virulence factors in enterococci from fish was established. It was suggested that these strains have the potential of producing disease in human and animals

The objective of the present study was to determine the bacterial and fungal agents accompanying with cutaneous lesions of dogs suffering from Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Sterile swap samples were taken from cutaneous lesions inspected of ears, dorsal, collar, pectoral, inguinal and interdigital spaces of 20 dogs, in which diagnosis were based on a combination of clinical symptoms, anti-leishmania antibody titers by use of Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and dogs were further classified according to the Leishvet Guidelines involving serological, hematological, serum biochemical, and urinalysis. Swap samples were inoculated to culture media for isolation and identification of bacterial and mycotic agents. 48 Staphylococcus aureus, 4 Bacillus cereus, 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 24 Candida albicans, 24 Microsporium canis and 4 Aspergillus niger were isolated and identified in both group of dogs. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolates were found 100% susceptible to cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 53% to danofloxacin, 46% of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, and all of the isolates were resistant (100%) to penicillin G and gentamicin. In conclusion, the antibacterial and antifungal therapy should be provided in accordance with antibiotic susceptibility tests in skin lesions of dogs suffering with CVL.

Mastitis is one of the biggest problems of dairy cattle industries. In recent years, fungal agents have been frequently reported among the causative agents for mastitis. Among the fungal agents, Candida species are the most common. This study's aims were the isolation, identification, and determination of antifungal susceptibility of Candida species causing mycotic mastitis in cattle. A total of 260 mastitic milk samples were collected from different farms. Identification was conducted by rapid diagnostic tests and nested PCR method; 6 different antifungal agents were examined. Candida sp. was detected in 46 (17.7%) of the 260 mastitic milk samples. Based on API 20 C AUX and nested PCR test results, 6 different species of Candida were identified. C. tropicalis was the predominant one (26.1%), followed by C. parasilosis (21.7%), C. kefyr and C. krusei (17.4% each), C. rugosa (13%), and C. glabrata (4.4%). A total of 46 strains were confirmed by PCR. According to antifungal test results, the isolates were found to be susceptible to ketoconazole (78.3%) and resistant to flucytosine (91.3%), amphotericin (82.6%), miconazole and nystatin (73.9%), and fluconazole (69.5%).

Systemic fungal diseases are the infections caused by false treatment protocols and generally are not taken into consideration especially in the veterinary field. One-humped camels are found in the western side of the Aegean region of our country and bred for wrestling. The aim of this study is the application of diagnosing systemic fungi infection from camel blood samples by the PCR method. In this study, specific primers for DNA topoisomerase II gene sequences were used. As a result, a systemic fungal infection was detected by the nested PCR method from 10 (20%) out of 50 DNA samples taken from camels located on the western side of the Aegean region. In this study, 3 (30%) samples were identified as Candida albicans, 3 (30%) samples were identified as C. glabrata, and 4 (40%) samples were identified as C. parapsilosis. In conclusion, the 20% positive systemic fungal infection rate in one-humped camels observed in the present study showed that the systemic fungal infections are not taken into considerations in veterinary medicine. Further studies are suggested in order to obtain and to maintain extensive data for systemic fungal diseases in our country for one-humped camels.

Vibrio (also known as Listonella) species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and are often mentioned as the aquatic equivalent of aeromonads. The aim of this study is to investigate the exposure of rainbow trouts with V. anguillarum, and determination of antimicrobial resistance of the isolated strains. A total of 100 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples were collected from various commercial fish hatcheries in the Aegean Region of Turkey in June 2013. Twelve V. anguillarum were isolated from 100 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples. V. anguillarum isolates were resistant to cloxacillin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprime and erythromycin in the ratio of 100 %. High levels of resistance are considered to be the result of random antibiotic therapies in aquaculture, hence the results of this study indicated that identification of etiological agent and the exact chemotherapy must be applied in order to prevent residual water contamination and resistant strains of V. anguillarum.

Bu calismada, Turkiye’nin Bati Ege Bolgesi kirsal ve kentsel alanlarinda yasayan kopekler arasinda riketsiya infeksiyonu degerlendirildi. Kopek serumlarina Rickettsia rickettsii antijeni iceren indirekt immunfloresan testi (IFA) uygulandi. Kopek kan serum ornekleri, Mart 2009- Mart 2011 donemini kapsayan 2 yillik periyotta 250 kopekten (50 kopek kirsal alandan ve kentsel alandan 200 kopek) elde edildi. Herbir serum icin, Rickettsia rickettsii antijen ile reaksiyon olusturan bitis noktasi titreleri belirlendi. Toplamda 250 kopek serum ornegi test edildi. Kopek serum orneklerinin % 54.0 (135/250)’u Rickettsia rickettsii icin seropozitif ve % 43.2 (108/250)’si Rickettsia rickettsii icin seronegatif bulundu. Bununla beraber, titresi ≥ 1:64 - < 1:256 arasinda olan kopek serum orneklerinin % 2.8 (7/250)’i Rickettsia rickettsii icin supheli bulundu. Bu calismada, IFA testi ile kentsel alandaki kopeklerden 7 (% 14.0)’si ≥ 1:256 titrede seropozitif ve kirsal alandaki kopeklerden 128 (% 64.0)’ i ≥ 1:256 titrede seropozitif bulundu. Sonuc olarak, bu calisma Turkiye’nin Bati Ege Bolgesi kirsal ve kentsel alanlarinda yasayan kopeklerde Rickettsia rickettsii etkenine karsi olusan antikor titrelerinin onemli duzeyde oldugunu gostermis ve bu konu ile ilgili daha fazla arastirma yapilmasi gerekliligi kanisina varilmistir

Akan, Mehmet/0000-0002-7342-1450 WOS: 000399021800012 PubMed: 28255651 The genus Brucella causes significant economic losses due to infertility, abortion, stillbirth or weak calves, and neonatal mortality in livestock. Brucellosis is still a zoonosis of public health importance worldwide. The study was aimed to optimize and evaluate PCR assays used for the diagnosis of Brucella infections. For this aim, several primers and PCR protocols were performed and compared with Brucella cultures and biological material inoculated with Brucella. In PCR assays, genus- or species-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from 16S rRNA sequences (F4/R2, Ba148/928, IS711, BruP6-P7) and OMPs (JPF/JPR, 31ter/sd) of Brucella were used. All primers except for BruP6-P7 detected the DNA from reference Brucella strains and field isolates. In spiked blood, milk, and semen samples, F4-R2 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. In spiked serum and fetal stomach content, Ba148/928 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. Field samples collected from sheep and cattle were examined by bacteriological methods and optimized PCR assays. Overall, sensitivity of PCR assays was found superior to conventional bacteriological isolation. Brucella DNA was detected in 35.1, 1.1, 24.8, 5.0, and 8.0% of aborted fetus, blood, milk, semen, and serum samples by PCR assays, respectively. In conclusion, PCR assay in optimized conditions was found to be valuable in sensitive and specific detection of Brucella infections of animals. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [VHAG-1902] This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No: VHAG-1902).

WOS: 000269120200009 PubMed: 24031354 This study aimed to detect methicillin resistant and slime producing Staphylococcus aureus in cases of bovine mastitis. A triplex PCR was optimized targetting 16S rRNA, nuc and mecA genes for detection of Staphylococcus species, S. aureus and methicillin resistance, respectively. Furthermore, for detection of slime producing strains, a PCR assay targetting icaA and icaD genes was performed. In this study, 59 strains were detected as S. aureus by both conventional tests and PCR, and 13 of them were found to be methicillin resistant and 4 (30.7%) were positive for mecA gene. Although 22 of 59 (37.2%) S. aureus isolates were slime-producing in Congo Red Agar, in PCR analysis only 15 were positive for both icaA and icaD genes. Sixteen and 38 out of 59 strains were positive for icaA and icaD gene, respectively. Only 2 of 59 strains were positive for both methicillin resistance and slime producing, phenotypically, suggesting lack of correlation between methicillin resistance and slime production in these isolates. In conclusion, the optimized triplex PCR in this study was useful for rapid and reliable detection of methicillin resistant S. aureus. Furthermore, only PCR targetting icaA and icaD may not sufficient to detect slime production and further studies targetting other ica genes should be conducted for accurate evaluation of slime production characters of S. aureus strains. OMU-BAPOndokuz Mayis University [VET-013] This work was supported by OMU-BAP (VET-013).

In this study, the presence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (Borrelia spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsiae spp.) in camel blood samples were examined using by PCR. A total of 50 blood samples were collected from one humped dromedary camels found in western side of Aegean region which had tick infestation in their anamnesis. Three pathogens, viz Borrelia burgdorferi, C. burnetii and Rickettsiae spp. were detected in camel blood samples. A single PCR was performed for the C. burnetii and multiplex PCR for the Rickettsiae spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi. At the end of PCR study, C. burnetii was identified at the rate of 4% out of 50 blood samples. Borrelia burgdorferi and Rickettsiae spp. were not detected from all blood samples. The results showed that tick-borne zoonotic pathogens may come up with risk factors for Camelus dromedarius population. For this reason, it is important to increase microbiological studies for Camelus dromedarius populations.

Background: Among the vaginal diseases seen in women, candidiasis is in the first place. This disease, which is caused by Candida species, can sometimes persist very stubbornly. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species isolated from vaginal specimens by using VITEK MS (MALDI-TOF Microbial Identification System) rapid identification system and to evaluate their susceptibility to some antifungals.Methods: In this study, 220 cervicovaginal swab were used. Isolates were identified by VITEK MS rapid identification system. After identification, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the M-44 A2 guideline of The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: Total 16.3% (36) of Candida spp. positivity was determined from 220 cervicovaginal samples, and 25 (69.4%) C. glabrata, 6 (16.7%) C. albicans, 3 (8.3%) C. kefyr and 2 (5.6%) C. krusei were obtained with Vitek MS. All identified C. albicans strains were found to be completely resistant to all antifungals used except nystatin agent, C. krusei strains were found to be resistant to flucytosine but sensitive to all other antifungals, C. glabrata and C. kefyr strains were susceptible to all antifungals within the antifungals used in this study.Conclusions: It is concluded that it is necessary to distinguish Candida species in order to apply a correct treatment. And species selection is very important for the selection of antifungal to be used. Nystatin is recommended if no laboratory tests are to be performed for the diagnosis of Vaginal Candidiasis.

Enterococci, which are found as commensal in animals and human, can cause infections in definite conditions. The improvement and increment of aquaculture cause to happen a big problem for not only the other bacterial infections but also enterococcal infections in fishes. Enterococci are interesting microorganisms owing the wide range of distribution in nature, high level of antimicrobial resistance, and high mortality rates in enterococcal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance to vancomycin and other antimicrobials in fish isolates of enterococci. Twenty six Enterococcus faecalis strains which were isolated in sick and dead fishes were used in study. Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin susceptibility of E.faecalis strains were examined with agar disc diffusion techniques. The vancomycin resistance phenotype of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was determined by agar dilution method. Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin and vancomycin resistance of E.faecalis strains were found as 34.6%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 96.1%, 11.5%, 92.3%, 11.5%, and 3.8%, respectively. One of the 26 E.faecalis strains (3.8%) was found as vancomycin resistant (VRE) and the vancomycin resistance phenotype of this strain was determined as VanA. These findings showed that ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and gentamicin resistant E.faecalis strains were prevalent in fishes. Despite of the low proportion, the presence of a vancomycin resistant E.faecalis strain suggested that fishes must be considered as VRE source, İnsan ve hayvanlarda komensal olarak bulunan enterokoklar, belirli koşullarda hastalıklara neden olabilirler. Kültür balıkçılığının gelişmesi ve artması ile balıklarda diğer bakteriyel infeksiyonlarla birlikte enterokokkal infeksiyonlar da büyük bir problem olmaya başlamışlardır. Enterokoklar, doğadaki geniş dağılımları, yüksek düzeyde antibiyotik dirençlilikleri ve neden oldukları infeksiyonlardaki yüksek mortaliteleri ile ilgi çeken mikroorganizmalardır. Bu çalışmada, balıklardan izole edilen Enterokokların vankomisin ve diğer antibiyotiklere karşı dirençliliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmamızda Ege Bölgesinde hasta ve ölü balıklardan izole edilen 26 Enterococcus faecalis suşu kullanıldı. E. faecalis suşlarının siprofloksasin, eritromisin, tetrasiklin, streptomisin, ampisilin, gentamisin, penisilin ve vankomisin duyarlılıkları agar-disk difüzyon tekniği ile incelendi. Vankomisin dirençli enterokokların (VRE) vankomisin direnç fenotipleri agar dilusyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. İncelenen E. faecalis suşları, siprofloksasin, eritromisin, tetrasiklin, streptomisin, ampisilin, gentamisin, penisilin ve vankomisine sırasıyla %34.6, %3.8, %3.8, %96.1, %11.5, %92.3, %11.5 ve %3.8 oranında dirençli bulundu. İncelenen 26 suştan 1’inin (%3.8) vankomisine dirençli olduğu saptandı. Bu suşun vankomisin direnç fenotipinin vanA olduğu belirlendi. Bu bulgular, balıklarda streptomisin, gentamisin ve siprofloksasine dirençli suşların yaygın olarak bulunduğunu; düşük oranda da olsa vankomisine dirençli suş bulunması, balıkların VRE kaynağı olarak dikkate alınması gerektiğini gösterdi