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Purpose: The aim of this study is to show whether radiologically diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) and electrophysiologically F responses methods support clinical examination in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It is to determine the relationships between these two methods. Materials and Methods: Patients with a definite diagnosis of ALS according to the Revised-El Escorial and Awaji criteria at any stage of the disease, who applied to the Electromyography (EMG) laboratory of the Neurology Clinic of Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, prospectively and cross-sectionally, were included in the study. The revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) was scored. Electrophysiological studies included routine nerve conduction studies, F responses and needle EMG. In radiological examinations, diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) maps were obtained in brain and cervical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were compared. Results: The mean age of the 12 volunteer patients included in the study was 55.92±9.68 (43-72), and consisted of 4 female and 8 male individuals. The mean ALSFRS-R score was 35.75±7.86 (24-46). MRI was performed in 11 of the patients, spinal imaging could not be performed in one patient. The mean age of the 11 patients who were imaging was 56.4±9.8 years and the disease duration was 2.7±1.9 years. Low values of DTI-FA were found to be associated with poor respiratory and speech scores as assessed by linear regression analysis. Repeater F responses in the ulnar nerves were also associated with a high ALSFRS-R score. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that low values of DTI-FA were associated with poor respiratory and speech scores. Showing the correlation of low FA with a vital function such as respiration may indicate that this technique will be helpful in the prognosis and progression of the disease. The increase of repeater F responses in the ulnar nerves in those with high ALSFRS-R scores suggests that it is worth investigating whether ALS can be used in differentiating from other anterior horn diseases. The results of this study suggest that DTI-FA, which is an advanced radiological evaluation, and repeater F responses as an electrophysiological method may support early diagnosis in ALS.

İletişim kavramı ile birlikte giderek genişleyen, teknolojinin dokunuşu ile de gündelik yaşamda her alana giren sosyal medya, bireylerin birbirleri ile daha kolay iletişim kurmalarına önemli etkilerde bulunmaktadır. Bu etkilerden en önemlileri; bireylerin daha hızlı iletişim kurmaları, sık ve sonsuz enformasyon paylaşabilmeleri ve mesafe gözetmeksizin ilişki sürdürebilmeleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca sosyal medya, kullanıcılarının içerik üretmelerine ve paylaşmalarına aracı olduğu için, bireyler bu üretimlerine karşı bir geri dönüş alabilmektedir. Bu durum da çalışmanın konusu olan narsisizm ve empati kavramlarının doğmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Birey yaptığı paylaşımlar ve ürettiği içerikler ile kişisel özelliklerini yansıtabilmekte, aynı zamanda da yansıttığı bu özellikler ile bilişsel ve psikolojik bazı doyumlara ulaşabilmektedir. Narsisizm ve empati kavramları da ulaşılan bu doyum sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında bahsedilen tüm bu süreç incelenerek, sosyal medya kullanıcılarının narsistlik ve empatiklik düzeyleri uygulanan 400 anket ve yapılan nicel yöntem analizleri ile sonuçlandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sosyal medya kullanıcılarının, mecrayı kullanım süreleri, cinsiyetleri ve kullanım motivasyonlarından elde edilen verilerle yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcıların cinsiyet, medeni durum ve gelir durumu gibi demografik özellikleri üzerine analizler yapılmıştır. Örneğin yapılan analizler sonucunda evli katılımcıların narsistik seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve yine evli olan kadın katılımcıların narsistik seviyelerinin evli erkeklere ve bekâr erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether the proportion of young elite football players with high functional movement screening (FMS) scores and reaching professionalism differs from the proportion of young elite football players with low FMS scores and non-professionals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven players were included in the study. The health files of the participants were retrospectively scanned. Physical information and FMS scores were recorded in the data form. The level of football career of the participants as of March 2022 was assessed on the website of the Turkish Football Federation. FMS scores were compared by dividing the participants into two groups as those with- and without professional football license. Results: The proportion of participants with a score above the FMS cut-off score and reaching the professional level was higher than the rate of non-professional participants with a score above the FMS cut-off score (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The quality of movement in young elite football players may be a determinant for being a professional football player. For this reason, starting from an early age, measuring the quality of movement regularly and trying to improve it may be important in realizing the career goals of elite young football players.

This study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of quantitative measurements of dural venous sinuses to the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and the relationship between IIH and dural venous sinus dimensions on 3D post-gadolinium T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images.A total of 129 individuals (57 IIH patients and 72 controls) who complained of headache and underwent both magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and precontrast/postcontrast 3D T1-weighted MR imaging between 2018 and 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Dural venous sinus and jugular vein diameters were measured in all cases using post-gadolinium 3D T1 TFE images. The presence of transverse sinus (TS) hypoplasia and occipital sinus variation, the number and size of arachnoid granulations in the TS, and the presence of brain parenchymal herniation were also evaluated. Cut-off values that maximized accurate diagnosis of IIH were established on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of IIH based on quantitative measurements of the dural sinus were calculated.The ratios of the maximum to minimum TS diameters and the minimum TS diameters to minimum sigmoid sinus (SS) diameters were significantly higher in IIH patients than in the control group (p 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of TSPractical measurements from multiplanar T1 sequences can be useful for both quantitative assessment and overcoming misinterpretation due to anatomical variation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries suffered by elite soccer academy athletes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the health records between 2016 and 2019 of athletes in the elite male soccer academy of an elite football club. The cause, type, location, recurrence, and severity of the injuries, where the injuries occured and time lost due to the injuries were recorded. The injury incidence and prevalence were calculated. Results: Overall, total injuries and seasonal incidence rate were 1.49 (1.33-1.68) and 8.06 (7.16-0.04) per 1000 hours, respectively. The injury burden ranged between 11.83 (10.53-13.29) days and 51.43 (49.11-53.85) days. The injury characteristics were not statistically different according to age groups (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Youth soccer players in the U19 and U21 age groups had more injuries than other junior age groups in a typical soccer season. It was concluded that there were more match injuries, the thigh was the most injured area, muscle injuries were more common, and the hamstring was the most frequently injured muscle.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the scores of the functional movement screen (FMS) of professional male soccer players in different leagues. Materials and Methods: Previously collected data of 64 athletes who were competing in three different soccer leagues, using the FMS test battery procedure were analyzed. Asymmetry and dysfunction rates, total FMS scores, scores of FMS subgroups and scores of each test were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the FMS scores of soccer players who were competing in different leagues (p˃0.05). In addition, the difference between motor control, mobility and reflex core stabilization subgroup scores were not statistically significant (p˃0.05). When the tests were compared individually, only the rotatory stability test score was found to be statistically significantly different (p Conclusions: The rate of asymmetry and dysfunction is high in professional soccer players along with the scores of FMS tests were not significantly different according to the levels of players playing in the professional league, except for the rotation stability test. Players in the top professional league have higher scores in the rotation stability test and less dysfunction. Therefore, postural control is affected by the professional league level in soccer.

Aims: The study aimed to analyze the quality, adequacy and readability of websites created for patients with shoulder complaints associated with biceps tendon disorders. Methods: The terms 'shoulder injury', 'biceps tendinitis' and 'biceps tendon rupture' were searched in the most used search engines in United States (Google, Yahoo, and Bing). One hundred forty seven websites designed to inform patients were included in the study. The quality, popularity, adequacy and reliability were meausured. Results: Flesch reading ease scores of websites with content creation by health professionals were significantly lower than those without; in contrast, Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) and Koleman-Liau index scores were significantly higher (p

Objective To test the utility of the artificial learning algorithms using magnetic resonance (MR) images of the pituitary gland in predicting the prognosis of prolactinoma. Methods This single-center, retrospective study was conducted in the Pituitary Center of a tertiary care university hospital. A total of 224 images derived from 38 patients with treatment-refractoryprolactinoma, 23 patients with prolactinoma remission and 51 healthy individualswere used. Pituitary MRI protocols are of three sequences: T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1), and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). A machine learning algorithm that includes image filtering and classification. Data were classified with support vector machine. Results No difference was found between the refractory and the remission groups in terms of age, sex, education, the baseline prolactin level and radiological features. Images were classified with a support vector machine; area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.679-1), 91.6%, 91.7%, 88.3%, respectively. Conclusion These results indicate that a new image of unknown nature can be correctly identified with the specified percentages.

The aim of this study was to investigate relationship Functional Movement Screening (FMS) scores and the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data associated with musculoskeletal injuries soccer injuries in professional soccer players. The study included 19 soccer players with a mean age of 21.53 ± 1.98 years, a mean height of 180.58 ± 6.09cm, and a mean bodyweight of 73.08 ± 5.29 kg. The functional movement screening test battery was applied, and then GPS data associated with musculoskeletal injuries were recorded for each player during training sessions over a 6-week period. The recorded GPS data were mean total distance 5473.72 ± 344.49 m, mean distance per minute 69.11 ± 6.59 m, high-intensity running distance (14-20 km / h-1) 150.47 ± 46.92 m, very high intensity running distance (˃20 km / h-1) 34.94 ± 16.96 m, and body load of 108.43 ± 15.87. The GPS data of the participants with the FMS composite score above the cutoff point score and those below the cutoff point score were similar (0.05

Objectives: This study aims to compare the morphometric differences between patients with and without an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to investigate the anatomical risk factors associated with ACL injury. Patients and methods: Between February 2020 and February 2022, a total of 100 patients (57 males, 43 females; mean age: 36.2 +/- 6.8 years; range, 18 to 45 years) who were operated for isolated non-contact ACL tear as the patient group and a total of 100 healthy individuals (58 males, 42 females; mean age: 35.0 +/- 6.9 years; range, 18 to 45 years) without an ACL tear as the control group were included. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the knee joint were included in the study. Morphological variables of the ACL, distal femur, proximal tibia, and menisci were measured. Results: The mean ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle were 37.7 +/- 3.8 and 20.2 +/- 2.9 in the patient group and 48.1 +/- 3.3 and 25.0 +/- 2.9 in the control group. According to the results of multivariate analysis, those with small ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle were more likely to have ACL tear (odds ratio: 0.128, intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.038-0.430, p= 0.001). Conclusion: Small ACL inclination angle and medial meniscus bone angle can be a risk factor for ACL tear.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı tercih edilen ekstremitenin glenohumeral eklem hareket hissi ile tercih edilmeyen ekstremitenin hareket hissi arasında fark olup olmadığını incelemektir. Gereçler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya omuz ekleminde herhangi bir problemi olmayan, sağlıklı, sedanter 20 kişi (10 erkek, 10 kadın) dahil edildi. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 23,60±3,64 yıl idi. Veriler 6 Temmuz 2020 ile 3 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Katılımcıların tercih edilen ve tercih edilmeyen taraf glenohumeral eklem hareket hissi ölçüldü. Hareket hissi ölçümü izokinetik dinamometre kullanılarak, 0,1°/s açısal hızda pasif hareket hissi eşik değeri ölçülerek belirlendi. Hareket hissi ölçümleri, 0°’den (0°-IR) ve 30°’den (30°-IR) internal rotasyon yönüne ve 0°’den (0°-ER) ve 30°’den (30°-ER) eksternal rotasyon yönüne olmak üzere 4 yöne doğru yapıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların tercih edilen taraf için internal rotasyon hareket hissi eşik değerleri 0°-IR, 30°- IR açı ve yönleri için sırasıyla 1,27±0,47°, 1,30±0,45°, eksternal rotasyon hareket hissi eşik değerleri 0°-ER, 30°-ER açı ve yönleri için sırasıyla 1,25±0,39°, 1,41±0,32° ve tercih edilmeyen taraf için internal rotasyon hareket hissi eşik değerleri 0°-IR, 30°-IR açı ve yönleri için sırasıyla 1,33±0,59°, 1,37±0,49°, eksternal rotasyon hareket hissi eşik değerleri 0°-ER, 30°- ER açı ve yönleri için sırasıyla 1,39±0,49°, 1,18±0,42° idi. Her iki tarafın pasif hareket hissi eşik değerleri arasında farklar istatiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p

This study tested the relationship between servant leadership, unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) of employee, trust in managers, and employees' positive reciprocity beliefs (PRB). Data were collected from 392 employees who work in four and five-star hotels in Alanya, Turkey. Structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analyses provided evidence for direct and indirect relationships between servant leadership and employee UPB via trust in manager and PRB. Specifically, trust in manager and PRB strengthened the relationship of servant leadership with employee UPB. These findings suggest that servant leadership could have a previously unexplored dark side in certain contexts. The study enhances the servant leadership and UPB literature. It also suggests certain practical implications for hotel managers to be able to reduce employee UPB. The limitations and future research suggestions of the study are discussed.

Purpose: There are studies in the literature evaluating students’ attitudes toward and knowledge of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, with most of this research focusing on medical, pharmacy, nursing and psychology students; however, few studies have been conducted with physiotherapy and rehabilitation (PTR) students. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to CAM among students of PTR. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 to March 2019. A self-administered questionnaire form developed to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding CAM practices among students of PTR. The questionnaire form included eighteen items that was sent via email to the participants. Results: A total of 504 participants were included in this study. Their mean age was 21.66±2.50 years, 69.84% was female and 30.16% was male. Most participants (76.99%) thought that various CAM practices could be beneficial adjuncts to modern medicine. The most used sources of CAM practices was reported as online resources (64.68%). Moreover, the most well-known CAM practice among the students was massage (82.90%). Conclusions and Suggestions: Majority of PTR students had a positive opinion about CAM practices. Incorporating evidence-based CAM practices with high levels of efficacy into the curricula can reliably increase physiotherapists’ knowledge about CAM practices.

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in axillary lymph nodes (LNs).Benign and malignant LNs diagnosed via histopathological examination constituted the study subgroups. In addition to grayscale findings for morphological evaluation, vascular patterns and appearance of internal vessels were analyzed by both power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and SMI. The number of vascular branches was counted, and a vascularity index (VI) was calculated by SMI.Fifty-two LNs with suspicious findings in terms of metastasis (33 malignant and 19 benign) were evaluated. Diagnostic accuracy according to vascular patterns was 82% for PDUS and 92% for SMI. In the presence of asymmetric cortical thickening, there was a significant difference between benign and malignant LNs in the number of vascular branches of both thin and thick cortical sides (P0.01). Mean VI was significantly higher in the malignant group (P0.05). In differentiating malignancy, when a cutoff VI value was set to 9%, sensitivity was 69.7%, and specificity was 63.2%.Evaluating the vascularity of axillary LNs by SMI is a useful tool in determining the potential of axillary metastasis, especially in the absence of typical sonographic findings. Superb microvascular imaging can beneficially be used to select the most suspicious LN and suspicious area of the LN to sample.

Accommodation businesses are stressful workplaces due to their dynamic and demanding work environment. Role ambiguity and role conflict are major stress factors for hotel employees, causing low levels of satisfaction and performance and high levels of turnover. The main purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between role conflict, role ambiguity, and job performance. The data was collected through fully structured questionnaires from employees working in 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in Alanya, one of the leading tourism destinations in Turkey. The data was analyzed via structural equation modeling. The results revealed that both role conflict and role ambiguity have direct negative influences on job performance and job satisfaction for hotel employees. Moreover, it was also proved that job satisfaction mediates the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on job performance. In line with the findings, theoretical and managerial implications, contributions, limitations, and future research directions were discussed. It was implied that role stress factors must be addressed seriously by hotel managers in order to increase job performance.

Purpose of review To give an overview regarding the potential usefulness of vessel wall imaging (VWI) in distinguishing various intracranial vascular diseases, their common imaging features, and potential pitfalls. Recent findings VWI provides direct visualization of the vessel wall and allows the discrimination of different diseases such as vasculitis, atherosclerosis, dissection, Moyamoya disease, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Recent studies showed that concentric and eccentric involvement in the vessel wall, as well as the enhancement pattern were found important for the distinguishing these diseases and evaluating their activity. Summary Most of the imaging techniques currently used are based on luminal imaging. However, these imaging methods are not adequate to distinguish different diseases that can demonstrate similar radiological findings. VWI is being increasingly used as a noninvasive imaging method to offset this limitation.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard examination in the evaluation of shoulder pathologies, but it is a static method, expensive and examination time is long. Ultrasonography (US) is a fast, easy-to-apply, cheap and common imaging method, but it is more subjective and dependent on experience. In this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of US with MRI in the diagnosis of shoulder joint pathologies, with increasing experience. Methods: A radiologist without sufficient shoulder US experience read the literature on shoulder US. Then, for 2 weeks, US was performed for training in 100 patients whose MRI findings were known. Subsequently, for 5 weeks, firstly US, then MRI were performed a total of 250 patients, including 50 patients every week. With increased US experience, it was investigated whether the consistency between US and MRI findings increased. Results: One hundred and sixty (64%) of the patients were female and 90 (36%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 54±11.7. Each week, patients were evaluated as a separate group, with a total of 5 groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated which were achieved with increasing US experience. Conclusion: When sufficient experience is gained in shoulder pathologies, diagnostic accuracy increases significantly in US. The success of US in partial tears is behind MRI. US lags behind MRI in showing joint effusion. The sensitivity and specificities in the subacromial-subdeltoid effusion are close to MRI. The rates of US to detect total tears, biceps tenosynovitis and acromioclavicular joint degeneration are similar to MRI. US is successful than MRI in showing calcific tendinitis, biceps subluxation-dislocation and impingement.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 2-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of acute cystitis (AC) in children. METHODS Between June 2019 and March 2020, 126 children with AC and 126 healthy participants were prospectively investigated by 2D SWE and B-mode ultrasound. Elastographic measurements were performed by drawing the contours of the posterior wall of the bladder between the ureter orifices using a free region of interest. The quantitative 2D SWE values of the patients and the healthy group were compared. RESULTS The mean 2D SWE values of the bladder wall were significantly higher in patients with AC compared to the healthy group (P = .001). On B-mode ultrasound imaging, the bladder wall thickness of patients with AC was higher than that in the healthy group (P = .001). On 2D SWE, when the cutoff value used was 9.25 kPa, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 92.1%, 88.1%, 89.3%, and 92.6%, respectively, whereas when the cutoff value used was 1.72 m/s, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 90.5%, 88.9%, 89.1%, and 90.7%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the 2D SWE values and wall thickness measurements (P

Objective Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common poisonings worldwide. The affinity of hemoglobin for CO is significantly higher than that for oxygen, and the formation of carboxy-hemoglobin leads to a decrease in the capacity of blood to transport oxygen to tissues, tissue hypoxia, and early perfusion changes in the affected tissue. This study aimed to investigate the utility of arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging (ASL-PI) in revealing cerebral vascular hemodynamic changes in patients presenting to the emergency room with CO poisoning and to compare findings with those from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Method This study was conducted between November 2016 and May 2019 and was approved by the local ethics committee. DWI and ASL-PI examinations were performed in 83 patients who presented to the emergency room with CO poisoning. Four regions—the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebral white matter, and cerebellum—were evaluated for alterations in perfusion and diffusion, and findings from DWI and ASL-PI were compared. Results The study group included 39 (50.6%) females and 38 (49.4%) males, with a mean (±SD) age of 40.08 ± 20.41 years (range, 7–86 years). DWI revealed restricted diffusion in 10 regions in 6 (7.8%) patients, including the basal ganglia (n = 2), cerebral white matter (n = 2), cerebral cortex (n = 3), and the cerebellum (n = 3). ASL-PI revealed hypo-perfusion in 64 regions in 36 (46.8%) patients, including the basal ganglia (n = 21), cerebral white matter (n = 12), cerebral cortex (n = 23), and cerebellum (n = 7). Conclusion ASL-PI provided additional information when used to identify perfusion changes in the brains of individuals who experienced CO poisoning and was superior to DWI as it revealed early changes in the brain. Considering its limitations, ASL-PI can be routinely used with DWI in cases of CO poisoning.

Craniocervical dissection is one of the most common causes of stroke in children. Although the most common cause of dissection is trauma, spontaneous dissections in which no cause can be revealed may also occur. The diagnosis of this type of dissection in children can be challenging with the preferred non-invasive imaging methods (MRA, CTA). Intracranial vessel wall imaging is a promising novel method for identifying specific signs of dissection. We report an 11-year-old girl with spontaneous ICA dissection, whose diagnosis was confirmed by an MRI of the intracranial vessel wall. Vessel wall imaging has contributed substantially to the diagnosis and follow-up of this case.

BackgroundFlow diverter (FD) devices provide a safe and effective treatment option especially for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. One of the main concerns in patients treated with FD devices is patency of arterial branches jailed by the stent. However, there are no long-term data from magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) studies regarding jailed branches. In this study we aimed to reveal the MRP findings in patients with jailed middle cerebral artery (MCA) cortical branches during long-term follow-up after flow diversion.MethodsPatients who underwent FD stent treatment for MCA aneurysms with a resulting jailed cortical branch were included. Follow-up clinical, angiographic, and MRP examination findings were recorded. Different MRP parameters were measured in the MCA territory regarding the jailed branches.ResultsEighteen patients treated endovascularly with flow diversion for a total of 20 MCA aneurysms were included. At angiographic follow-up (median 35 months, range 7–95 months) complete occlusion was observed in 13 (65%) aneurysms and partial occlusion was observed in 6 (30%). The mean transit time (MTT) prolongation, MTT ratio, time-to peak (TTP) prolongation, and TTP ratio were 1.34, 1.20, 1.18, and 1.06 s, respectively, when compared with the contralateral side in the MCA territory. MTT, TTP, and cerebral blood volume values of the patients showed statistically significant differences compared with the contralateral side (PConclusionsFlow diversion treatment of complex bifurcation aneurysms can be effective and safe. MRP examination may reveal perfusion changes in the territory vascularized via a jailed branch, and these changes are rarely accompanied by clinical findings.

Objective: Brain parenchyma herniation into the dural venous sinus or calvarium is considered a rare anatomical variation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency, localization, and clinical and radiological findings of brain herniation into dural venous sinus and/or calvarium with high resolution 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in a large group of patients.Material and Methods: A total of 6825 cranial magnetic resonance images containing pre-contrast and post-contrast 3D T1-weighted sequences as well as conventional sequences were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of brain herniation into dural sinuses or calvarium, location and size of herniation, signal intensity of the adjacent brain parenchyma, presence of arachnoid granulation adjacent to the herniation were noted.Results: Brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium was determined in 50 patients (0.73%). The detected brain herniations were most frequently associated with the temporal lobe parenchyma (n=37, 68.5%), and 91% (n=49) extended into the transverse sinuses. All brain herniations were detected both by 3D T1-weighted and 3D T2-weighted sequences; however, 29 (53.7%) of the 54 herniations were not detected by conventional sequences.Conclusion: High resolution MRI sequences are superior to conventional sequences in detecting brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium. Patients with brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium may present with heterogeneous symptomatology, and the relationship between brain herniation and symptoms is controversial., Amaç: Dural venöz sinüsler ya da kalvaryum içerisine beyin parankimi herniasyonu, nadir bir anatomik varyasyon olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geniş bir hasta rubunda, yüksek çözünürlüklü 3 Tesla Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile, dural venöz sinüs içerisine ve/veya kalvaryuma beyin parankimi herniasyonunun sıklığı, lokalizasyonu, klinik ve radyolojik bulgularını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kontrast öncesi ve kontrast sonrası 3D T1 ağırlıklı sekansları ve aynı zamanda konvansiyonel sekansları içeren toplam 6825 beyin Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme incelemesi retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Dural sinüs içerisine beyin herniasyonu varlığı, herniasyonun yerleşimi ve boyutu, komşu beyin parankiminin sinyal intensitesi, herniasyon komşuluğunda araknoid granülasyon varlığı kaydedildi.Bulgular: 50 hastada (%0.73) dural venöz sinus/kalvaryum içerisine beyin herniasyonu saptandı. Saptanan beyin herniasyonları en sık temporal lob parankimi ile ilişkili (n=37, %68,5) ve %91’i (n=49) transvers sinüs içerisine uzanım gösteriyordu. Tüm beyin herniasyonları hem 3D T1 ağırlıklı hem de 3D T2 ağırlıklı sekanslarda saptandı; buna karşın 54 herniasyonun 29’unda (%53.7) konvansiyonel sekanslarla herniasyon saptanmadı.Sonuç: Dural venöz sinüs/kalvarum içerisine beyin parankimi herniasyonunu saptamada, yüksek çözünürlüklü MRG sekansları konvansiyonel sekanslara göre üstündür. Dural venöz sinüs/kalvarum içerisine beyin parankimi herniasyonunu hastalarda heterojen semptomatoloji ile ortaya çıkabilir ve semptomlar ile beyin parankim herniasyonu arasındaki ilişki tartışmalıdır.

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 is a viral infectious disease which commonly involve the lungs with primarily radiologic manifestations of atypical or organizing pneumonia. It can cause multisystemic involvement including central nervous system symptoms. One of these neurologic manifestations is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). It is suggested that the increased levels of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the course of the disease are responsible for cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. To the best of our knowledge, no pediatric PRES has been reported related to coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we present a pediatric PRES case associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent mood episodes that may progress over time. Staging models may be used to follow the long-term course of BD. BD is associated with microstructural changes in white matter (WM). This study aims to compare the WM integrity within patients groups who are in different stages of BD and healthy controls and investigate whether WM integrity changes may be a biomarker that can be used in the clinical staging of BD. Methods: The study sample included euthymic 54 patients diagnosed with BD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) and 27 healthy volunteers. Early-stage patients (n = 26) were determined as patients who have not had any mood episodes after the first manic episode, and late-stage patients (n = 28) determined as patients with recurrent mood episodes. MRI was performed using a 1.5 Tesla MR system and DTI sequences were acquired. Results: Region of interest (ROI) analyses showed that late-stage patients had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right sagittal stratum and genu of the corpus callosum compared with healthy controls and early-stage patients. Regression models show that corpus callosum genu and right sagittal stratum FA values are predictive for the late-stage patient group. Limitations: There are some limitations of the ROI method. The cross-sectional design is another limitation of this study. Conclusions: WM integrity of corpus callosum genu and right sagittal stratum may be a biomarker for clinical staging of BD. Identifying stage-specific biomarkers may help us predict the neuroprogressive course of BD. Longitudinal studies would be required to detect stage-specific biomarkers.