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Aim: We wanted to learn how the Registered Report article format was working for key stakeholder groups at the publisher Wiley.Methods: We surveyed editors, peer reviewers and authors via email with a link to a survey in Microsoft Forms. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was collected and assessed.Results: Authors and peer reviewers are very positive about their experience with Registered Reports. Editors are supportive of the initiative but highlight lack of submissions as their main challenge. Editors and authors would welcome the use of article badges as indicators of Registered Reports.Conclusion: The Registered Reports initiative is gaining support from across disciplines. However, more effort is needed to incentivise submissions of Registered Reports across journals.

A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to identify the exact resources that are reported or to answer basic questions such as "How did other studies use resource X?" To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the Methods sections of articles and thereby improve identifiability and scientific reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their articles prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (i.e., software and databases). RRIDs are assigned by an authoritative database, for example, a model organism database for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central Web portal (http://scicrunch.org/resources). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine-readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 articles have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40, with RRIDs appearing in 62 different journals to date. Here we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are able to identify resources and are supportive of the goals of the project. Identifiability of the resources post-pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on identifiability of research resources.

A central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, i.e., reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to allow humans and algorithms to identify the exact resources that are reported or answer basic questions such as “What other studies used resource X?” To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the methods sections of papers and thereby improve identifiability and reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their manuscripts prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (including software and databases). RRIDs represent accession numbers assigned by an authoritative database, e.g., the model organism databases, for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central web portal (www.scicrunch.org/resources). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 papers have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40. Here, we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are generally accurate in performing the task of identifying resources and supportive of the goals of the project. We also show that identifiability of the resources pre- and post-pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on reproducibility relating to research resources.

How cytoplasmic dynein is recruited to diverse organelles remains incompletely understood. Using the first subcellular localization of LIC isoforms, along with RNAi, RILP, and dynactin dominant negatives, the LIC subunits are found to recruit dynein specifically to components of the late endocytic pathway through a dynactin-independent mechanism., Cytoplasmic dynein is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, but how it is regulated and how it recognizes an extremely wide range of cargo are incompletely understood. The dynein light intermediate chains, LIC1 and LIC2 (DYNC1LI1 and DYNC1LI2, respectively), have been implicated in cargo binding, but their full range of functions is unknown. Using LIC isoform-specific antibodies, we report the first characterization of their subcellular distribution and identify a specific association with elements of the late endocytic pathway, but not other vesicular compartments. LIC1 and LIC2 RNA interference (RNAi) each specifically disrupts the distribution of lysosomes and late endosomes. Stimulation of dynein-mediated late-endosomal transport by the Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) is reversed by LIC1 RNAi, which displaces dynein, but not dynactin, from these structures. Conversely, expression of ΔN-RILP or the dynactin subunit dynamitin each fails to displace dynein, but not dynactin. Thus, using a variety of complementary approaches, our results indicate a novel specific role for the LICs in dynein recruitment to components of the late endocytic pathway.

Summary Background Centrosome orientation toward the leading edge of migrating cells depends on dynein and microtubules (MTs), as well as a number of signaling factors at the leading edge. However, centrosomes are maintained at the cell center during orientation in fibroblasts, suggesting that factors working at sites other than the leading edge may also be involved. Results In a search for factors that function with dynein in centrosome orientation, we found that the polarity protein Par3 associated with dynein and that knockdown of Par3 inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting the position of the centrosome at the cell center; this disrupted centrosome positioning is the same phenotype as that observed with dynein inhibition. Par3 associated with dynein through its N-terminal dimerization and PDZ1 domains and interacted specifically with dynein light intermediate chain 2 (LIC2). siRNA knockdown of LIC2, but not LIC1, or overexpression of LIC2 or the N-terminal domain of Par3, also inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting centrosome position. In wound-edge fibroblasts, Par3 specifically localized to cell-cell contacts where it overlapped with MT ends and dynein puncta in a LIC2-dependent fashion. Live imaging showed that MTs exhibited increased pausing at cell-cell contacts compared to the leading edge and that this elevated pausing was dependent on Par3 and LIC2. Conclusions Par3 associates with dynein and contributes to the local regulation of MT dynamics at cell-cell contacts and proper positioning of the centrosome at the cell center. We propose that Par3 acts as a cortical factor that tethers MTs through its association with LIC2 dynein.

The generation of biologically active proteins by regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a highly conserved mechanism in cell signaling. Presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase activity is responsible for the intramembrane proteolysis of selected type I membrane proteins, including beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. A small fraction of intracellular domains derived from both APP and Notch translocates to and appears to function in the nucleus, suggesting a generic role for gamma-secretase cleavage in nuclear signaling. Here we show that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) undergoes presenilin-dependent intramembrane proteolysis to yield the soluble p75-intracellular domain. The p75NTR is a multifunctional type I membrane protein that promotes neurotrophin-induced neuronal survival and differentiation by forming a heteromeric co-receptor complex with the Trk receptors. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of p75NTR occurs at a position located in the middle of the transmembrane (TM) domain, which is reminiscent of the amyloid beta-peptide 40 (Abeta40) cleavage of APP and is topologically distinct from the major TM cleavage site of Notch 1. Size exclusion chromatography and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that TrkA forms a molecular complex together with either full-length p75 or membrane-tethered C-terminal fragments. The p75-ICD was not recruited into the TrkA-containing high molecular weight complex, indicating that gamma-secretase-mediated removal of the p75 TM domain may perturb the interaction with TrkA. Independent of the possible nuclear function, our studies suggest that gamma-secretase-mediated p75NTR proteolysis plays a role in the formation/disassembly of the p75-TrkA receptor complex by regulating the availability of the p75 TM domain that is required for this interaction.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The issue of heavy schoolbags is a common concern among educationists, parents and school children. The pervasiveness of the carriage of heavy schoolbags among 482 primary school pupils from two schools was studied. Participants were grouped according to sex and primary levels (i.e. P1 & P2, aged 7-8 years and P3 & P4, aged 9-10 years). Body mass with and without schoolbags was measured on a single weekday using a calibrated weighing machine. Pupils also completed a 10-item questionnaire that solicited responses about the type of schoolbag carried, the number of bags carried, how the bags were carried, whether they felt that their bags were too heavy, if they had suffered pain, soreness or numbness from carrying the schoolbags and information about their travel to and from school. Results revealed that pupils carried bags that weighed about 15% to 17% of body weight. The figures also indicated that 60.4% of the lower primary group (P1 and P2) exceeded the guideline of 3.5 kg outlined by the Ministry of Education (Singapore) for schoolbags, and 55.8% exceeded the guideline of 4.5 kg for the middle primary group (P3 and P4). Participants also reported that they carried bags that were too heavy, and experienced pain, soreness or numbness in the neck, shoulders or back. Results of this study indicate that more can be done to reduce the physical load of schoolbags for primary pupils. Implications of the findings are discussed, including two current initiatives to create an electronic learning environment within the school compound where pupils can access textbook and workbook information.在發展中國家與發達國家中，學齡兒童的書包重量不當是引起青年期或成年后腰背部疼痛的常見原因之一，往往是由於書包過重所致。本文對新加坡兩所小學進行了調查，結果提示學生書包的重量普遍超過健康指南所規定的最大重量。因此，在提高健康水平及健康敎育方面還需做大量的工作，以減輕小學生，特別是低年級學生體力上的負荷。

Both reactions of 1,5-keto—olefin substrates are achieved with exclusive diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity by tuning the substrates or forcing the reaction conditions.

This paper describes highly efficient catalytic enantioselective cationic polyene cyclization and catalytic enantioselective intramolecular carbonyl-ene reaction in good to high yields with high enantioselectivities. The intimate relationship and mechanistic differences between the two enantioselective reactions were studied in detail. In addition, the cyclization products are versatile and useful building blocks for natural products and pharmaceuticals syntheses.

Decades of research have contributed to a better understanding of the biomechanical basis of trauma brain injury (TBI) due to blunt impact. However, significantly less is known about the effects of blast overpressure (BOP) on the head biomechanics. In particular, the exact mechanism of how BOP causes TBI is not clear. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical coupling between the BOP and the head using a finite element model of the human head-combat helmet complex. To this end, fluid structure interaction simulations were performed to investigate the interaction of the BOP with the head-helmet complex. Our results showed that the BOP could be amplified within the gap separating the helmet and the head. This amplified pressure field could lead to increased load on the brain, consequently resulting in a higher likelihood for TBI. Our simulations also showed that the presence of helmet padding could reduce the pressure field around the head, which may result in a decreased possibility of TBI. Our findings could be useful towards efforts to improve the design of current combat helmets at protection against BOP-induced TBI.

This communication describes a highly efficient aziridinyl polyolefin cyclization catalyzed by InBr(3) to synthesize chiral terpenoid bearing a 3-amino group in the A ring; both good yields and excellent asymmetric induction were achieved.

Liu et al. have identified MYC as a suppressor of metastasis, cell motility and invasion, and provide evidence that this newly uncovered role is dependent on the αv and β3 integrin extracellular matrix receptors.

A challenging self-contained qualitative analysis test for transition metal compounds comprising nine unknowns was designed whereby the unknown solutions can be systematically identified, without relying on external reagents, by inter-mixing the unknown samples. The names of the samples are made known, but their correspondence with the samples is concealed. A representative range of transition metal compounds was selected, together with two complementary main-group compounds. This "9-bottle" test encourages logical deduction and analytical thinking and cannot be negotiated by pure regurgitation of memorized facts. It is also more environment-friendly as it avoids the use of any external reagents, thereby reducing waste and circumventing the disposal problems.