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Data on the relationship of headaches with Internet addiction is rather inconsistent. Purpose: to establish common risk factors for the development of various types of Internet addiction and primary types of headache. Materials and methods. 5195 schoolchildren aged 11-18 in Siberia were examined. Internet addiction and its types were determined using the Chen questionnaire, Game Addiction Scale and The Social Media Disorder Scale; Type of headache (migraine or tension headache) – according to the questionnaire of S.Yu. Tereshchenko, based on The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version), 2013; Mental disorders – in computerized testing in the program “The Development and Well-Being Assessment” (DAWBA, R. Goodman et al.) Results. It has been established that Internet addiction occurs 6 times more often in migraine and 3 times more often in tension headache. However, this relationship is only observed for Social Media Disorder. The connection of headaches with Game Addiction has not been revealed. At the same times headaches (especially migraine) and Internet addiction (predominantly social media disorder) have a common comorbid pathology and risk factors: recurrent abdomen pain, back pain, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthenic syndrome, emotional problems, hyperactivity, high prognosis of mental pathology.

Purpose: review of domestic and foreign studies in the field of Internet addiction. Materials and methods. A review of the literature is presented and scientific studies on the prevalence of Internet addiction according to researchers from various countries are analyzed. The authors conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI (eLIBRARY.RU) and others databases. Results. Internet addiction is widespread among children, adolescents and adolescents, and every year their number is increasing. In most of the studies conducted to identify internet addiction, the most accessible research methods were used – questionnaires, questionnaires. Individuals of early adolescence who are prone to Internet addiction have anxiety-depressive states, difficulties in doing work, and high excitability. Conclusion. The results of studies of Internet addiction conducted in different countries of the world prove that this phenomenon has a worldwide prevalence and currently there are questions about the nosological affiliation, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, and especially the prevention of Internet addiction.

The purpose of this publication is an attempt to systematize modern data based on the principles of evidence-based medicine (controlled randomized trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses) in the field of diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain. It is shown that non-specific lumbar pain is the predominant type of lumbar pain syndrome. The basis for the diagnosis of nonspecific low back pain should be a detailed history taking and a thorough physical and neurological examination. The value of imaging diagnostic methods is limited to patients with red flags. Both in the case of acute and chronic non-specific low back pain, the basis of therapy with well-proven effectiveness is patient education, manipulative techniques and special physical therapy. In the case of chronic non-specific low back pain, behavioral therapy is highly effective. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have proven efficacy in relation to pain and functioning of the patient. In the case of chronic non-specific low back pain, muscle relaxants and antidepressants may be additionally prescribed.

The purpose of the study. To study the effect of internet-addiction on depression scores among medical university students. Materials and methods. The study involved 145 students of both sexes studying at a medical university. The CIAS scale used to assess the level of internet-addiction. Analysis of the frequency and severity of depression carried out using the HADS scale. Results. It found that a pronounced and stable pattern of internet-dependent behavior on the CIAS scale was detected in 8,2% of the surveyed medical students. Symptoms of depression of varying severity were twice as common among female medical students. When studying the influence of internet-dependent behavior on depression indicators, it was found that among students with Internet addiction, people with symptoms of depression of varying severity were more common, compared with students who are prone to internet-addiction and do not have addiction. Conclusion. The study revealed the presence of a high level of depressive disorders in students with internet-addiction studying at a medical university.

The complement system is the most ancient components in the innate immunity, mainly functioning to primarily eliminate bacterial agents intravascularly. Moreover, the complement complex proteins play a role as a bridge between the systems of innate and adaptive immunity providing adequate conditions for maturation and differentiation of B- and T-lymphocytes. The complement system consists of plasma proteins and membrane receptors. Plasma proteins interact with each other via the three described cascade pathways lectin (which is most ancient phylogenetically), alternative and classical. Lectins are proteins comprising a separate superfamily of pattern-recognizing receptors able to sense molecules of oligo- and polysaccharide nature and induce their aggregation. Among all the lectins, ficolins (FCN) (common domain fibrinogen) and collectins (common domain collagen) mannose-binding lectin (MBL), hepatic and renal collectins have exert unique functions by complexing with carbohydrate components of microbial wall. Formation of a compound complex microbial wall polysaccharides + collectin/ficolin + specific mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MARP) results in the complement system activation, inflammatory reaction and bacterium elimination. Such scenario is proceeded along the lectin pathway compared to the two other pathways called classical and alternative. Examining a role of the complement system and congenital protein defects in the pathogenesis of various diseases is of topical interest because inborn deficiency of the complement components comprises at least 5% out of total primary immunodeficiency rate, whereas the aspects of their prevalence and pathogenesis remain unexplored. Relevance of investigating the complement system components for diverse populations is tremendous, taking into consideration accumulated evidence regarding an important role of the lectin pathway in viral infections. Lectins, the main proteins in the lectin pathway of the complement activation, are encoded by polymorphic genes, wherein single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) result in altered protein conformation and expression, which, in turn, affects functionality and potential to respond to a pathogen. The distribution of the lectin polymorphic gene frequencies and their haplotypes displays extremely marked population differences. According to analyzing available data, population SNP frequencies including those associated with inborn deficiencies for components of the lectin pathway have been currently scarce or unexplored. hence, here we review major lectins and their functions, their functionally significant SNPs in diverse populations and their pathogenetic importance for host defense functions.

В последние годы отмечается рост больных с метаболическим синдромом, что является актуальной проблемой медицины. Выраженность клинических проявлений метаболического синдрома оказывает влияние на качество жизни пациентов, при этом снижаются показатели физического и психического здоровья. Ожирение приводит к тревожным расстройствам, неврозоподобным состояниям и депрессиям, что способствует ухудшению основного заболевания. Имеющиеся клинические и экспериментальные данные убедительно показывают наличие множественных патофизиологических связей, объясняющих высокую вероятность формирования метаболического синдрома у лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Неудивительной в этом контексте выглядит недавно описанный высокий риск формирования диабета II типа у соматически здоровых до этого лиц с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами (Hiles S.A., Revesz D., Lamers F., Giltay E., Penninx B.W., 2016). Неудовлетворенность лечением у указанного контингента больных усугубит депрессивные расстройства, которые в свою очередь будут утяжелять их состояние здоровья, замыкая порочный круг. Чтобы разорвать эту связь и добиться положительных результатов лечения, необходимо оптимизировать подходы к диагностике депрессивных состояний на уровне лечебных учреждений общемедицинской сети: выявлять клинические признаки депрессии при беседе с больным; проводить анкетирование по шкалам самооценки; при несоответствии клинических проявлений психоэмоциональных расстройств результатам анкетирования назначать консультацию психиатра и объяснять пациенту ее необходимость для выявления и своевременного лечения депрессивных состояний (Джериева И.С., Волкова Н.И., Рапопорт С.И., 2015). Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение по данным литературы тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом.

Currently, features of the host immune response against Helicobacter pylori (Hp) both regarding establishment of chronic carriage after primary infection as well as a role of impaired immune and inflammatory response in the mechanisms of developing erosive-ulcerative lesions remain poorly investigated. Only few molecules are known to activate the complement activation lectin pathway including human ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL). A substantial part of the human population bears an intrinsically low MBL and ficolin production level and/or low functional activity due to the carriage of various MBL2 genetic variants potentially elevating susceptibility to a more severe course of a wide range of infectious diseases. It has been shown that the MBL2 gene polymorphisms are associated with a risk of developing in Hp-infected patients more severe gastric mucosal atrophy and gastric cancer risk. An impact of the MBL2 and L-ficolin (FNC2) gene variants on Hp infection rate in Russia has not yet been examined in full detail. In our study we enrolled 93 Caucasian adolescents (aged 12-17, Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia) to test for serum anti-Hp-CagA antibodies. Additionally, 203 newborn dried blood spot specimens born in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, were used as a population control sample. Genotyping of allelic MBL2 and FCN2 gene variants was performed by using RFLP approach to examine the following polymorphic regions: rs11800451 and rs1800450 (MBL2), rs17549193 and rs7851696 (FCN2). Carriage of the rare allele in the polymorphic region rs1800450 of the MBL2 gene and the homozygous for the rare allele T of polymorphism rs17549193 in FCN2 gene was associated with an increased risk of CagA seropositivity (OR = 2.36 (1.03-5.4), p = 0.04 and OR = 5.69 (1.08-29.99), p = 0.04, respectively) shown before to be associated with low plasma concentrations and/or low functional activity of mannose-binding lectin and L-ficolin. In contrast, such genetic variants in the newborn population cohort had an intermediate prevalence further confirming the Caucasoid identity of the samples and an unbiased inclusion of subjects in the main test groups. Thus, we suggest that the primary MBL and L-ficolin deficiencies are associated with a higher risk of CagA positive Helicobacter pylori chronic infection in adolescents seemingly accounted for by alterations in lectin-mediated complement activation and opsonization especially in case of CagA positive bacterial strains.

At the present time there is a hypothesis on the presence of congenital polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUA) and vitamin D metabolism disturbance, which plays its role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). On the other hand, the maternal atopy may be considered as one of the important predictor for allergic diseases in children. However, does this factor influence on Th1/Th2 balance forming, cord blood vitamin D and PUA concentrations already on the moment of infants birth? We used flow cytometry and ELISE techniques to study IFN , IL-1 , IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF , TNF , IL-13, IL-18, IP-10, total IgE, vitamin D cord blood concentrations and mass spectrometry method to study the content of PUA in cord blood erythrocytes. These markers were studied in two newborns groups: the 1-st one is newborns from mothers without AD history (n=29) and 2-nd one is newborns from mothers with AD history (n=19). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. In neonates from mothers with presence AD history we found decreasing of IL-13, IL-18 cord blood concentrations and gamma-linolenic (GLA) acid percentage in cord blood erythrocytes. Thus, maternal history of AD may influence on IL-13, IL-18 and GLA production already on the moment of infant's birth which suggests genetic background and may be used as the early markers of AD predisposition.