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Frailty and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) share similar molecular pathways. Specific biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that cause the relationship between frailty and STEMI.Our aim was to identify and compare circulating miRNA levels between frail and non-frail older adults following STEMI and comprehend the regulatory miRNA-gene networks and pathways involved in this condition.This exploratory study is a subanalysis of a larger observational study. In this study, we selected patients ≥ 65 years old, following STEMI, with pre-frail/frail (n=5) and non-frail (n=4) phenotype evaluated using the Clinical Frailty Scale and serum circulating miRNA levels were analyzed.Pre-frail/frail patients had greater serum levels of 53 miRNAs, compared with non-frail patients. Notably, miR-103a-3p, miR-598-3p, and miR-130a-3p were the top three significantly deregulated miRNAs predicted to modulate gene expression associated with aging. Additional computational analyses showed 7,420 predicted miRNA gene targets, which were regulated by at least two of the 53 identified miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that axon guidance and MAPK signaling were among pathways regulated by miRNA target genes.These novel findings suggest a correlation between the identified miRNAs, target genes, and pathways in pre-frail and frail patients with myocardial infarction.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Universidade Estadual Paulista Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between frailty, evaluated by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and FRAIL scale, and C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) levels with 3-month mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This was a prospective observational study that included patients over the age of 18 years with STEMI admitted to the coronary intensive care unit. Within 48 h of admission, the CFS and FRAIL scale were applied and blood samples collected for serum CAF evaluation. Patients were followed for 3 months after hospital discharge, and mortality was recorded. One hundred and eleven patients were included; mean age was 62.3 ± 12.4 years, 61.3% were male and 11.7% died during the 3 months of follow-up. According to the CFS, 79.3% of the patients were classified as not frail, 12.6% as pre-frail and 8.1% as frail. According to the FRAIL scale, 31.5% of the patients were classified as not frail, 53.2% as pre-frail and 15.3% as frail. In univariate analysis, the CFS but not FRAIL scale was associated with mortality. In multiple logistic regression analysis, pre-frail/frail according to CFS (odds ratio [OR]: 6.118; CI 95%: 1.344–27.848; p = 0.019) and CAF levels (OR: 0.943; CI 95%: 0.896–0.992; p = 0.024) were associated with increased 3-month mortality. In a sub-analysis of 53 patients ≥65 years, CFS and CAF levels were associated with 3-month mortality. In conclusion, CAF levels and frailty determined by the CFS were associated with 3-month mortality after STEMI in the general and older population. Internal Medicine Department Botucatu Medical School Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP University Hospital Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University UNESP Department of Anesthesiology Complexo Hospitalar Santa Genoveva de Uberlândia Faculty of Nutrition UFG- Univ Federal de Goiás Geriatric Emergency Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester School of Health Science University of Leicester Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham Internal Medicine Department Botucatu Medical School Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP University Hospital Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University UNESP CNPq: 304298/2019-0

Background: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a fruit with high antioxidant capacity and could be an adjuvant strategy to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Objective: To evaluate the influence of açaí in global ischemia-reperfusion model in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were assigned to 2 groups: Control (C: receiving standard chow; n = 9) and Açaí (A: receiving standard chow supplemented with 5% açaí; n = 10). After six weeks, the animals were subjected to the global ischemia-reperfusion protocol and an isolated heart study to evaluate left ventricular function. Level of significance adopted: 5%. Results: There was no difference between the groups in initial body weight, final body weight and daily feed intake. Group A presented lower lipid hydroperoxide myocardial concentration and higher catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase than group C. We also observed increased myocardial activity of b-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, complex I, complex II and ATP synthase in the A group as well as lower activity of the lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase enzymes. The systolic function was similar between the groups, and the A group presented poorer diastolic function than the C group. We did not observe any difference between the groups in relation to myocardial infarction area, total and phosphorylated NF-kB, total and acetylated FOXO1, SIRT1 and Nrf-2 protein expression. Conclusion: despite improving energy metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress, açai supplementation did not decrease the infarcted area or improve left ventricular function in the global ischemia-reperfusion model. Resumo Fundamento: Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) é uma fruta com alta capacidade antioxidante e pode ser uma estratégia adjuvante para atenuar a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do açaí no modelo global de isquemia-reperfusão em ratos. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em 2 grupos: Controle (C: recebendo ração padrão; n = 9) e Açaí (A: recebendo ração padrão suplementada com 5% de açaí; n = 10). Após seis semanas, os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo global de isquemia-reperfusão e a estudo do coração isolado para avaliar a função ventricular esquerda. Nível de significância adotado: 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao peso corporal inicial e final, e a ingestão diária de ração. O grupo A apresentou menor concentração miocárdica de hidroperóxido lipídico e maior atividade de catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase do que o grupo C. Também observamos aumento da atividade miocárdica da b-hidroxiacil coenzima-A desidrogenase, piruvato desidrogenase, citrato sintase, complexo I, complexo II e ATP sintase no grupo A, bem como menor atividade das enzimas lactato desidrogenase e fosfofructoquinase. A função sistólica foi semelhante entre os grupos, e o grupo A apresentou função diastólica pior que C. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos em relação à área de infarto do miocárdio, e expressão proteica de NF-kB total e fosforilado, e das proteínas FOXO1, SIRT1 e Nrf-2. Conclusão: apesar de melhorar o metabolismo energético e atenuar o estresse oxidativo, a suplementação de açaí não diminuiu a área infartada nem melhorou a função ventricular esquerda no modelo global de isquemia-reperfusão.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo o registro e a apresentação de trabalhos realizados no Brasil nos últimos 40 anos, relacionados com a investigação sobre a deficiência de vitamina A. Esta deficiência tem sido diagnosticada por um ou mais dos seguintes critérios: ingestão deficiente de alimentos fontes de vitamina A, exame clínico, níveis séricos de retinol abaixo dos aceitos como normais, concentração hepática de retinol, teste de adaptação ao escuro e corante de Rosa Bengala. A deficiência foi diagnosticada em grupos populacionais de vários Estados e capitais brasileiras em cidades grandes e pequenas e em zonas rurais. A maioria dos trabalhos foi desenvolvida em grupos populacionais de baixa renda. Quanto às conseqüências clínicas, relataram-se achados de sinais oculares leves, como cegueira noturna, manchas de Bitot e xerose conjuntival, encontrados principalmente na Região Nordeste. Alguns autores observaram, em menor número de casos, lesões graves, como lesões corneanas e ceratomalácia. Trabalhos da última década indicaram associação entre a hipovitaminose A e o aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, principalmente em crianças pré-escolares.This work presents a review of investigations carried out in Brazil in the last 40 years, concerning the diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A. Vitamin A deficiency has been established by means of dietary intake, clinical signs, low serum and hepatic retinol concentrations, and by the rose bengal staining test and rapid dark-adaptation test. The vitamin deficiency has been found in many Brazilian, in many states capitals, in big and small cities and also in rural areas. Most of the research work has been undertaken with samples of populations of low socioeconomic level. As far as clinical signs are concerned, eye signs indicative of xerophtalmia were found mainly in the Northeastern Region. They included night blindness and conjunctival xerosis with or without Bitot's spots. More severe lesions such as irreversible changes or keratomalacia were rarely observed. Recent papers have shown the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and the increase in morbidity and mortality, mainly in pre-school children.