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Este trabajo presenta una experiencia exploratoria orientada a dimensionar la noción de biodiseño para fortalecer la formación de futuros diseñadores industriales y generar bases metodológicas para diseñar con la biotecnología. En la academia escuchamos frecuentemente los conceptos de biodiseño y biónica para señalar la aplicación de principios biológicos en un proyecto. Incluso, dentro de la currícula de diversas licenciaturas en diseño industrial se puede identificar algún curso para abordar esta temática. No obstante, poco se discute sobre la biotecnología y sus implicaciones con el biodiseño en lo particular y con el diseño en un escenario más general. En este contexto surge la pregunta ¿Qué noción de biodiseño es la que debe permear en la actualidad? Para responder, se ejecutó una investigación teórica, así como un trabajo metodológico, que permite explorar la relación biotecnología y diseño, a través de un marco de referencia teórico y del desarrollo de varios proyectos de final de carrera por parte de los estudiantes de diseño industrial. Los resultados obtenidos ejemplifican una perspectiva alternativa al ejercicio del biodiseño, que no necesariamente se simplifica a la aplicación de un biomaterial o al rescate de residuos orgánicos, sino que, por el contrario, puede representar la propuesta de un nuevo sistema sociotécnico que impacta al usuario, a la comunidad o incluso a toda la sociedad.

Se presenta una experiencia orientada a fortalecer la formación de futuros diseñadores industriales capaces de entender la biotecnología y estar mejor preparados para diseñar con esta tecnología. En específico, éste primer acercamiento de los estudiantes a la biotecnología se da a través del desarrollo de proyectos que implican la producción y utilización de biomateriales. Los proyectos se desarrollaron a través de una metodología de diseño que permitió brindar orden al trabajo, así como orientación al proceso de investigación. Se elaboraron siete propuestas de proyectos que recibieron asesoría de especialistas en biotecnología, química, escenarios futuros y narrativa. Los resultados presentan biomateriales aplicados en la elaboración de prototipos y en su caso propuestas de servicios. A partir de esta primera experiencia de trabajo con biomateriales se establecen algunas conclusiones sobre la necesidad de preparar mejor a las próximas generaciones de bio diseñadores.

euskaraIrudi digitalen analisia (DIA) teknika multzo batek osatzen du eta helburu nagusia da aztergai den sistema bati buruzko informazio adierazgarria determinatzea sistema horren irudiak erabiliz. Metodoaren abantaila nagusiak bere abiadura, sinpletasuna eta beharrezko lagin kopuru txikia dira (400 μL-tik behera mikroplakak erabiltzen badira), baita sortutako hondakin kopuru txikia ere. Lan honetan DIAren hiru aplikazio desberdin deskribatzen dira: nikel bainuetan aurki daitezkeen konposatu nagusien analisia eta kontrola, hala nola, nikela, amonioa eta sulfatoak; fosfatoen eta pH-aren aldibereko determinazioa malko artifizialetan eta tartrazina eta allura gorria koloratzaileen determinazioa jangaietan. Aplikazio hauetan, mahaigaineko eskanerra eta telefono mugikorra erabili dira irudiak eskuratzeko. EnglishDigital Image Analysis (DIA) consists of a set of techniques that aim to obtain representative information about a system using images of that system. The main advantages of this method are its speed, simplicity and small amount of sample needed (below 400 μL if microplates are used), as well as the small amount of waste created. Three different applications are described for DIA in this work: the determination of some of the major compounds in a nickel electroplating baths, such as nickel, ammonium and sulfate ions; the simultaneous determination of phosphates and pH in different eye drops and the simultaneous determination of the color additives tartrazine and allura red in food products. In these applications, a flatbed scanner and a smartphone were used for image acquisition.

Tumor-on-chip devices are becoming ideal platforms to recreate in vitro the particular physiological microenvironment of interest for onco-nanomedicine testing and development. This work presents a strategy to produce a round artificial microvessel on-a-chip device for the study of physiologically relevant nanomedicine transport dynamics. The microchannels have a diameter in the range of the tumor capillaries and a semicircular geometry. This geometry is obtained through an intermediate thermal nanoimprint step using a master mold with square-shaped channel structures produced by standard silicon micromachining or by stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printing. The working microfluidic chip devices are made by casting polydimethylsiloxane on the imprinted intermediate mold. Artificial blood microvessels are created by seeding human endothelial cells into the round-shaped channels acting as the scaffold. The microchip is connected by 3D-printed reservoirs to a pressure controller, allowing for a fine fluidic control. Under physiological flow conditions, the dynamic interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with the artificial endothelium was assessed by high-magnification fluorescence microscopy. Overtime, internalization of NPs and clustering was observed and the accumulation rate into the endothelial cells could be characterized in real time.

Diseñar para las personas, para su entorno y su situación significa cambiar también el enfoque de las cosas a los humanos, sus experiencias y su contexto. Es necesario pasar de un cambio de desarrollo inconsciente, es decir sólo por aumento de la productividad, a consciente considerando los ciclos de los elementos y su impacto a futuro. Las carreras de diseño de igual manera han sufrido un cambio de enfoque del objeto al sujeto. La complejidad de los problemas da más posibilidades de desarrollo al diseñador, pero los límites de la disciplina son más difusos. En este trabajo se explora el vínculo de la enseñanza del diseño, con la economía distribuida a partir de los conceptos propuestos por Ezio Manzini, la teoría emergente de Brown y el pensamiento exponencial de Diamandis. Para ello, se revisan varias experiencias de ejercicios de diseño. La intención es lograr un mejor entendimiento de cómo estos conceptos contribuyen a proyectar soluciones de diseño más estratégicas ad hoc a nuevos modelos de desarrollo como el de economías distribuidas.

T-cell receptor stimulation induces the convergence of multivesicular bodies towards the microtubule- organizing centre (MTOC) and the polarization oftheMTOCtotheimmunesynapse(IS).Theseevents lead to exosome secretion at the IS. We describe herethat upon IS formation centrosomal area F-actin decreased concomitantly with MTOC polarization to the IS. PKCδ-interfered T cell clones showed a sustained level of centrosomal area F-actin associated with defective MTOC polarization. We analysed the contribution of two actin cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins, FMNL1 and paxillin, to the regulation of cortical and centrosomal F-actin networks. FMNL1βphosphorylation and F-actin reorganization at the IS were inhibited in PKCδ-interfered clones. F-actin depletion at the central region of the IS, a requirement for MTOC polarization, was associated with FMNL1βphosphorylation at its C-terminal, autoregulatory region. Interfering all FMNL1 isoforms prevented MTOC polarization;nonetheless, FMNL1βre-expres- sion restored MTOC polarization in a centrosomal area F-actin reorganization-independent manner. Moreover, PKCδ-interfered clones exhibited decreased paxillin phosphorylation at the MTOC, which suggests an alternative actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway. Our results infer that PKCδregulates MTOC polarization and secretory traffic leading to exosome secretion in a coordinated manner by means of two distinct pathways, one involving FMNL1βregulation and controlling F-actin reorganiza- tion at the IS, and the other, comprising paxillin phosphorylation potentially controlling centrosomal area F-actin reorganization., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [SAF2016-77561-R]; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [SAF2016-77561-R].

© 2019 Herranz, Aguilera, Dávila, Sánchez, Stancu, Gómez, Fernández-Moreno, de Martín, Quintanilla, Fernández, Rodríguez-Silvestre, Márquez-Expósito, Bello-Gamboa, Fraile-Ramos, Calvo and Izquierdo., Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endocytic compartments that enclose intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, ILVs are secreted as Fas ligand-bearing, pro-apoptotic exosomes following T cell receptor (TCR)-induced fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane at the immune synapse (IS). In this study we show that protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), a novel PKC isotype activated by diacylglycerol (DAG), regulates TCR-controlled MVB polarization toward the IS and exosome secretion. Concomitantly, we demonstrate that PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes are defective in activation-induced cell death. Using a DAG sensor based on the C1 DAG-binding domain of PKCδ and a GFP-PKCδ chimera, we reveal that T lymphocyte activation enhances DAG levels at the MVB endomembranes which mediates the association of PKCδ to MVB. Spatiotemporal reorganization of F-actin at the IS is inhibited in PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes. Therefore, we propose PKCδ as a DAG effector that regulates the actin reorganization necessary for MVB traffic and exosome secretion., This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica (SAF2016-77561-R to MI, which was in part granted with FEDER-EC- funding). This work was partially supported by grant BFU2012-35067 to AF-R

Nickel plating is a widely employed technique. To carry out this, nickel baths are used, which require a great control of the concentration of its components. In this work, fast and cheap methods based on digital image analysis (DIA) are proposed to determine some of the major compounds in these baths such as nickel, ammonium and sulfate ions. The greatest advantage of these methods is the possibility of analyzing several samples at the same time using very small volumes, lower than 400 μL. Simple and widespread equipment as a desktop scanner has been used to obtain the digital images. Using these images, linear regression models were built for each analyte, obtaining correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, RSD values lower than 14.0% and recoveries between 82 and 111% in all cases. The reproducibility of the images has been confirmed by a color standard. These methods have been applied successfully in real samples. The results obtained have been compared with reference techniques, such as UV–Vis spectrophotometry, ion chromatography and potentiometry. No significant differences were observed between these methods and the proposed digital image analysis method.

Biliary lithiasis is a multifactorial pathology determined by the interaction of genes and the environment, characterized by alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and in the metabolism of bile salts. A number of gene polymorphisms and mutations have been identified in the ATP-dependent cholesterol transporter (ABCG8) associated with lithiasis disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of the ABCG8 gene mutation IVS1-2A>G with cholecystolithiasis in patients from Northeast Mexico. This was a pilot study including 90 Mexican subjects diagnosed by ultrasonography, 57.8% of which presented gallstones. The studied parameters included: Lipid profile, total protein in plasma and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping. Significant differences were identified in total plasma protein, weight and BMI values, with these being these higher in subjects with gallstones (PG) and the presence of gallstones in the evaluated subjects.